DOCSLIB.ORG

I in the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the EASTERN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I in the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the EASTERN Case 2:05-cv-00305-JHS Document 872 Filed 07/25/16 Page 1 of 193 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA In re Petition of FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., as the Owner of the M/T ATHOS I, and TSAKOS SHIPPING & TRADING, S.A., as Manager of the M/T CIVIL ACTION ATHOS I, for Exoneration from or Limitation NO. 05-cv-305 (JHS) of Liability UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, CONSOLIDATED v. CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, et al., CIVIL ACTION Defendants. NO. 08-cv-2898 (JHS) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................1 A. Factual Background...............................................................................................1 B. Procedural History.................................................................................................4 C. Rule 63 Proceeding ................................................................................................6 D. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .....................................................................................10 i. Provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA”) ...............................11 ii. Subrogation Under OPA ............................................................................13 iii. Oil Spill Response Under OPA..................................................................14 i Case 2:05-cv-00305-JHS Document 872 Filed 07/25/16 Page 2 of 193 E. Third Circuit Opinion .........................................................................................18 i. Issues This Court Will Resolve..................................................................20 ii. Binding Third Circuit Conclusions ............................................................23 III. FINDINGS OF FACT......................................................................................................25 A. The Tanker, the Parties, and the Charters ........................................................25 i. The Tanker .................................................................................................25 ii. The Parties .................................................................................................26 iii. The Charters ...............................................................................................27 iv. Vetting the Athos I .....................................................................................29 v. Voyage Charter Party .................................................................................30 vi. Draft Restriction in the Voyage Charter Party ...........................................31 B. Geography of the Delaware River ......................................................................33 C. Maintenance of Federal Anchorage Number Nine ...........................................38 D. The Voyage ...........................................................................................................46 i. Athos I’s Departure Draft at Puerto Miranda, Venezuela ..........................46 ii. Athos I’s Passage from Puerto Miranda, Venezuela, to the Entrance to Delaware Bay .........................................................................48 iii. Draft of the Athos I at the Entrance to Delaware Bay ...............................49 iv. Athos I’s Voyage from the Entrance to Delaware Bay to Billingsport Range .....................................................................................50 v. Athos I’s Passage from Billingsport Range into Federal Anchorage Number Nine ...........................................................................56 vi. The Casualty ..............................................................................................59 E. Investigating the Casualty ...................................................................................60 i. Locating the Anchor ..................................................................................60 ii. Anchor’s Pre-Incident Orientation .............................................................62 iii. Anchor’s Post-Incident Orientation ...........................................................63 iv. Athos I’s Allision with the Anchor ............................................................64 v. Athos I’s Draft at the Time of the Allision ................................................68 vi. Athos I’s Underkeel Clearance Before the Allision ..................................70 vii. Post-Incident Inspection of the Athos I .....................................................71 viii. Allegations of Poor Navigation and Seamanship ......................................72 ix. Allegations of Spoliation ...........................................................................80 ii Case 2:05-cv-00305-JHS Document 872 Filed 07/25/16 Page 3 of 193 F. Oil Spill Response ................................................................................................80 G. Costs Incurred from the Casualty ......................................................................85 H. Prejudgment Interest ...........................................................................................91 IV. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW .............................................................................................93 A. The Court Has Subject Matter Jurisdiction Over this Case............................93 B. Breach of Contractual Warranty .......................................................................94 i. CARCO Agreed to a Safe Berth Warranty for the Athos I’s Voyage from Puerto Miranda, Venezuela, to Paulsboro, New Jersey ....................94 ii. Frescati Was a Third-Party Beneficiary of the Safe Berth Warranty ........95 iii. The Safe Berth Warranty Is an Express Assurance that the Port Is Deemed Safe for an Arriving Vessel .....................................................96 iv. CARCO Warranted a Safe Berth with the Understanding that the Athos I Would Be Drawing as Much as 37 Feet of Water Upon Its Arrival. .......................................................................................................98 v. The Athos I Complied with the Draft Limitations of 37 Feet or Less .......99 vi. Exceptions to the Safe Berth Warranty for Poor Navigation and Seamanship Do Not Apply ......................................................................100 vii. CARCO Breached the Safe Berth Warranty by Failing to Provide Safe Passage for the Athos I, Which Was Drawing 36 Feet, 7 Inches, Upon Its Arrival .......................................................................................107 C. Negligence ...........................................................................................................107 i. CARCO Was Negligent in Maintaining the Approach to Its Berth.........107 1. The Third Circuit Found that CARCO Had a Duty to Maintain a Safe Approach ....................................108 2. The Standard of Care Required CARCO to Scan the Approach Periodically Using Side-Scan Sonar and to Remove or Warn Incoming Ships of Hazards to Navigation .....................110 a. Custom Does Not Establish the Standard of Care ...........111 iii Case 2:05-cv-00305-JHS Document 872 Filed 07/25/16 Page 4 of 193 b. A Standard of Care Based on the “Demands of Reasonableness and Prudence” Required CARCO to Periodically Scan the Approach for Hazards to Navigation Using Side-Scan Sonar and to Remove the Hazards or Warn Incoming Ships of Them ...............114 3. CARCO Breached the Standard of Care By Failing to Search for Hazards to Navigation and By Failing to Remove Them or to Warn Incoming Vessels of Their Presence ...............118 4. CARCO’s Breach Was the Proximate Cause of Damage to the Athos I and of the Oil Spill ................................................118 ii. CARCO’s Claim of Negligent Navigation and Seamanship Does Not Defeat Frescati’s Negligence Claim ........................................120 D. The Pennsylvania Rule Does Not Afford CARCO Any Relief ......................120 E. CARCO’s Spoliation and Best Evidence Motions ..........................................128 F. CARCO’s Equitable Defenses ..........................................................................131 i. CARCO Is Not Precluded from Raising Equitable Defenses Against the Government by Virtue of the Government’s Statutory Subrogation Claim under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. ........................134 ii. CARCO’s Defense of Equitable Recoupment Will Reduce the Amount of Reimbursement to the Government .................................136 iii. CARCO’s Reimbursement to the Government Will Be Reduced by Fifty Percent ........................................................................................151 iv. CARCO’s Theory of Equitable Estoppel Does Not Limit the Government’s Recovery...........................................................152 v. CARCO’s Theory of Unjust Enrichment Does Not Limit the Government’s Recovery ....................................................................155 V. DAMAGES…. ................................................................................................................157 A. Frescati Is Entitled Under Contract and Tort Law to All Damages Caused by the Incident ......................................................................................157 B. Frescati Has Carried its Burden of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Added Value and Support to Due Diligence in the Area Of
    NICOLINO MODE 6332 NW 104 Path, Medley, FL 33178 MEMBER OF THE SPE Email: [email protected] Mob: +1 (786) 9718778 WORK PERMIT IN THE USA Objective: Added Value and Support to Due Diligence in the area of Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Business Development, Project Financing, Financial Plan Design and Strategic Planning, GENERAL SUMMARY PROFILE Summary Qualifications • Bright Professional with 33 years of experience in the Oil and Gas Industry of Venezuela, PETROLEOS DE VENEZUELA, S.A. (PDVSA), with excellent technical training in the development of Oil & Gas projects throughout the value chain: Exploitation, Production, Transportation, Storage, Upgrading, Refining and Ma rketing. • Qualified and proven experience in designing strategies and building business models for the development of new projects of Oil & Gas from the exploitation to final market, including financing strategies as demonstrated in the creation of 6 new joint ventures for the development of heavy crude from the Orinoco Belt with potential output of more than two million barrels per day (2 mbd), which reached 3.5 Billion USD bond and implementation plans of project execution of more than 60 billion USD. • Qualified and proven Technical expertise skilled in the design and development Studies, Project Definition and Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Pre‐Start, Start‐up of Projects Executions of Oil and Gas as demonstrated in projects Petrozuata (120 kbd) and Sincor (200 kbd) among others. • Qualified and proven experience skilled in the knowledge and development of oil strategy planning for small and large dimension integrated projects such as the Orinoco Oil Belt and their interaction in the development of maximizing national and international plans, interaction with private and public companies.
    [Show full text]
  • No.784-15/11/24 to the Members Dear Sirs, Venezuela – Oil Stains
    No.784-15/11/24 To the Members Dear Sirs, Venezuela – Oil stains within the port of Maracaibo We have obtained information about the recurring problem of oil pollution cause staining problems to hulls regularly in the Lake Maracaibo that seems to stem from micro-spills from operations at the oil installations from our correspondents, GLOBALPANDI, S.A. Please find attached their Circular. Yours faithfully, The Japan Ship Owners’ Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association Oil stains within the port of Maracaibo The Lake Maracaibo is an important loading place for the Venezuelan oil with approximately 11,000 active wells and 45,000 kilometers of underwater pipelines, where about 1.5 million barrels are exported through main terminals located at Puerto Miranda, La Salina and Bajo Grande. Staining of hulls with oil has been also a regular issue inside the lake, a problem that has increased in the last months. In the past these incidents affected only the vessels calling at the terminals run by PDVSA the oil state-owned company, but the problem has expanded recently and it is affecting now the vessels calling at the commercial port as well, commonly known as the port of Maracaibo under the administration of Bolivariana de Puertos, S.A. (Bolipuertos). In recent years there has been a recurring problem of oil pollution in the lake that seems to stem from micro-spills from operations at the oil installations. In some terminals controlled by PDVSA as La Salina for example, these frequent operational spills cause staining problems to hulls regularly. Over time that oil has accumulated at many areas of the lake and seasonal phenomena of the lake, as well as currents, heavy rain and the formation of Lemna during summer months, create large assemblies of oiled debris which sometimes can reach other non-oil installations like the commercial port of Maracaibo.
    [Show full text]
  • Tidal Currents and Mixing in the Lake Maracaibo Estuarine System*
    SCI. MAR., 65 (S@. 1): 155-166 SCIENTLAMARINA 2001 AN INTERDISCIPLINARY VIEW OF THE OCEAN. J.L PUEGR~;1. ALONSO and J. ARÍSTEGUI (d.) Tidal currents and mixing in the Lake Maracaibo estuarine system* 'Dcpanamemo & Físia Facultad & Cimcias del Mar, Univasidad de Las Pllmas & Gran Canaria, CampusUnivasitwo~Tafw.35017LasPalmas&GranCanana,Spain. 3NTEVEP S. A.. Centro de investigaci6n y Apoyo Tecnológico, Fide F'cm5leos & Vcnaue1a S. A., Los Tcqua, EscadoMirandavenezaela SUMMARY: The Lake Maracaibo cstuarinc systcm is a cooscilIating coupled ocean-lakc systern connected through a par- tialiy mixed estuay. In this paper we examine thc low frcsuency movcmam (o< 0.1 cyclcs/day) in uie differmt water bod- ies within thi system. The harmonic and rorary specaal analyscs of velocity data indicatcs the importante of tidai forcing within thc whole system and its intaauion with winds and fresh warcr discbarge. ln particular, the nsults indicate thc exis- te~of dominant semi-mdy osciUarions in iak Maracáibo. kely of non-iincar tidal origin, and suggest thai vertical smififaetion plays an important dein coí~troiiingthe three-dimcnsional strucnire of tidal cmu. Key words: estuarine sysrcm, tidal forcing, non-linear phenomena, stdfication. mixing, Caribbean Sea. and current distributions with limited data sets. The existing stratification, on the other hand, wili shape Any dynamicd study of an estuarine system has the instantaneous and mean cunrents. Stratification to include both current and density distributions, will enhance lateral advection but reduce vertical simply because rhey are deeply inte~co~e~ted.The exchange. Wíth strong vertical stratificatian, for relative forcing of river discharge and tidal range, exarnpie, the upper and lower layers may be rather togefher with the effect of winds, waves, and the uncoupled, the tidal wave having quite different geomorphology of the basin, will determine the amplitudes and phases.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX 1A APPENDIX a UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS, THIRD CIRCUIT ———— No
    APPENDIX 1a APPENDIX A UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD CIRCUIT ———— No. 16-3470, 16-3552, 16-3867 & 16-3868 ———— IN RE: PETITION OF FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., AS OWNER OF THE M/T ATHOS I AND TSAKOS SHIPPING & TRADING, S.A., AS MANAGER OF THE ATHOS I FOR EXONERATION FROM OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY (E.D. Pa. No. 2–05–cv–00305) ———— UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY; CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION; CITGO EAST COAST CORPORATION (E.D. Pa. No. 2–08–cv–02898) ———— CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY; CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION; CITGO EAST COAST OIL CORPORATION, Appellants in Nos. 16–3470; 16–3552 ———— FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD.; TSAKOS SHIPPING AND TRADING, S.A., Appellants in No. 16–3867 ———— 2a UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellant in No. 16–3868 ———— Argued November 8, 2017 (Filed: March 29, 2018) ———— OPINION Before: SMITH, Chief Judge, HARDIMAN, Circuit Judge, and BRANN, District Judge* SMITH, Chief Judge. Table of Contents I. Introduction ..................................................... 295 II. Background .................................................... 295 a. Facts ............................................................ 295 b. Procedural History ...................................... 298 III. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review .......... 300 IV. The Safe Berth Warranty ............................. 300 a. The Draft of the Athos I .............................. 301 b. Frescati’s Seamanship ................................ 303 V. Wharfinger Negligence .................................. 306
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in Venezuela
    DOING BUSINESS IN VENEZUELA CONTENTS 1 – Introduction 3 2 – Business environment 4 3 – Foreign Investment 8 4 – Setting up a Business 13 5 – Labour 15 6 – Taxation 21 7 – Accounting & reporting 28 8 – UHY Representation in Venezuela 32 DOING BUSINESS IN VENEZUELA 3 1 – INTRODUCTION UHY is an international organisation providing accountancy, business management and consultancy services through financial business centres in around 99 countries throughout the world. Business partners work together through the network to conduct transnational operations for clients as well as offering specialist knowledge and experience within their own national borders. Global specialists in various industry and market sectors are also available for consultation. This detailed report providing key issues and information for investors considering business operations in Venezuela has been provided by the offices of UHY representatives: UHY SERVICIOS LEGALES & TRIBUTARIOS, SC (SERLET) Avenida Casanova Torre Banco Plaza, Piso 9, Ofc. 9-D Sabana Grande Caracas, 1050 Venezuela Contact Luis Sotillo Email [email protected] Phone +58 212 7610885 UHY DURAN & ASOCIADOS Avenida Bolívar Norte Torre Kokuy, PH-A La Alegría, Valencia Estado Carabobo Venezuela Contact Lisandro Peña Email [email protected] Phone +58 241 8269599 You are welcome to contact Luis Sotillo or Lisandro Peña for any inquiries you may have. Information in the following pages has been updated so that they are effective at the date shown, but inevitably they are both general and subject to change and should be used for guidance only. For specific matters, investors are strongly advised to obtain further information and take professional advice before making any decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Internationalisation Programme of Petróleos De Venezuela S.A
    THE INTERNATIONALISATION PROGRAMME OF PETRÓLEOS DE VENEZUELA S.A. (PDVSA) A study by Dr. Juan Carlos Boué Study commissioned by PDV (UK) S.A. at the request of Rafael Ramírez Carreño Minister of Energy and Mines of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela March 2004 THE INTERNATIONALISATION PROGRAMME OF PETRÓLEOS DE VENEZUELA S.A. (PDVSA) Juan Carlos Boué Definition, Chronology, Organisation Internationalisation is the name given to a long-term strategic investment programme implemented by the Venezuelan national oil company, PDVSA. The programme seeks to integrate vertically, through the direct ownership of assets, oil exploration and pro- duction activities in Venezuela with refining, distribution, storage and retail marketing activities in certain countries which are among the most important consumers of petro- leum in the world. The internationalisation programme began in late 1982, with the establishment of a joint venture with Veba Oel in Germany (Table T1). This transaction took place at the tail end of the presidential administration of Luis Herrera Campíns (1978–1982). The administration of his successor, Jaime Lusinchi (1984–1988), ordered the suspension of the programme in 1984, due to the prevailing perception that its costs were too steep and its alleged benefits too uncertain. However, the weakening of the oil market in late 1985 gave the programme new momentum. Thus, in 1986, PDVSA acquired sharehold- ings in five refineries located in the USA, Sweden and Belgium, and it also leased a refinery in Curaçao, thereby increasing its net refining capacity outside of Venezuela by nearly 600 MBD. Since then, ten additional refineries have been added to the pro- gramme, which now involves a total of 19 refineries located in the United States, the Netherlands Antilles, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Crude Oil Terminal & Custody Transfer DATA
    CRUDE OIL TERmiNal & CUSTODY TRANSFER DATA OIL, GAS & CHEMICALS SERVices 80 $ 2010–2011 This is a Technical Publication from SGS Oil, Gas & Chemicals Services, a business of SGS SA, Geneva, referred to as “SGS OGC” throughout this publication. This technical publication has been written to provide information with regard to the subject matter involved. SGS OGC makes no warranty, express or implied, that this information is fit for any particular purpose whatsoever; or to the absolute sufficiency of the material presented. It cannot be assumed that every point has been covered and that other or additional information may not be required in a particular or exceptional circumstance. SGS OGC assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in reproduction or errors in interpretation of any authority. SGS OGC reserves the right to modify or amend this publication, without prior notification, but SGS OGC assumes the responsibility to update or issue corrections. Users are urged to monitor underlying authorities for amendments, updates and interpretations. Certain information contained in the publication may require or assume expertise or experience. Caution is therefore advised and SGS OGC assumes no responsibility for any use by unauthorised or untrained persons. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, in any form, without the express written permission of SGS OGC. Copies of this publication are commercially available. FoR moRE INFORmaTioN, coNTacT [email protected] OR VisiT WWW.sgs.com/ogc CONTENTs CRUDE OIL TeRmiNals CUSTODY TRANSFER DATA
    [Show full text]
  • I in the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the EASTERN
    IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA In re Petition of FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., as the Owner of the M/T ATHOS I, and TSAKOS SHIPPING & TRADING, S.A., as Manager of the M/T CIVIL ACTION ATHOS I, for Exoneration from or Limitation NO. 05-cv-305 (JHS) of Liability UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, CONSOLIDATED v. CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, et al., CIVIL ACTION Defendants. NO. 08-cv-2898 (JHS) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................1 A. Factual Background...............................................................................................1 B. Procedural History.................................................................................................4 C. Rule 63 Proceeding ................................................................................................6 D. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .....................................................................................10 i. Provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA”) ...............................11 ii. Subrogation Under OPA ............................................................................13 iii. Oil Spill Response Under OPA..................................................................14 i E. Third Circuit Opinion .........................................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Tidal Currents and Mixing in the Lake Maracaibo Estuarine System*
    SCI. MAR., 65 (Suppl. 1): 155-166 SCIENTIA MARINA 2001 AN INTERDISCIPLINARY VIEW OF THE OCEAN. J.L. PELEGRÍ, I. ALONSO and J. ARÍSTEGUI (eds.) Tidal currents and mixing in the Lake Maracaibo estuarine system* ANA M. ANTORANZ1, J.L. PELEGRÍ1 and P. MASCIÁNGIOLI2 1Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 2INTEVEP S. A., Centro de Investigación y Apoyo Tecnológico, Filial de Petróleos de Venezuela S. A., Los Teques, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. SUMMARY: The Lake Maracaibo estuarine system is a cooscillating coupled ocean-lake system connected through a par- tially mixed estuary. In this paper we examine the low frequency movements (ω < 0.1 cycles/day) in the different water bod- ies within this system. The harmonic and rotary spectral analyses of velocity data indicates the importance of tidal forcing within the whole system and its interaction with winds and fresh water discharge. In particular, the results indicate the exis- tence of dominant semi-monthly oscillations in Lake Maracaibo, likely of non-linear tidal origin, and suggest that vertical stratificaction plays an important role in controlling the three-dimensional structure of tidal currents. Key words: estuarine system, tidal forcing, non-linear phenomena, stratification, mixing, Caribbean Sea. INTRODUCTION and current distributions with limited data sets. The existing stratification, on the other hand, will shape Any dynamical study of an estuarine system has the instantaneous and mean currents. Stratification to include both current and density distributions, will enhance lateral advection but reduce vertical simply because they are deeply interconnected.
    [Show full text]
  • Ports Credentials
    PORTS CREDENTIALS Services: Ports & Terminals Oil & Gas Dry Bulk General Cargo/ Multipurpose Ferries / RO – RO / Cruise Containers Conventional Buoy Moorings (CBM) Single Point Mooring (SBM, CALM) Subsea Pipelines Master Plans Navigation Channels Touristic Development Facilities Operations Simulation Ports Safety www.incostasnouel.com Experience in… Relevant Projects Structural Evaluation of the Puerto Almirante Pier. Bocas del Toro. CHIQUITA FRUIT Bocas del Toro. Panama Feasibility Study, Basic and Detail Engineering of the Araya Deep Water Port MINFRA – INEA Araya Peninsula. Venezuela Inspection for the expansion of the San Antonio Port. MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS. DIRECCIÓN DE OBRAS PORTUARIAS San Antonio. Chile Basic Engineering of the service pier and port planning for I and II stages of CIGMA Project. PETROLEOS DE VENEZUELA, S.A. (PDVSA) Paria Peninsula Sucre State. Venezuela www.incostasnouel.com 2 Experience in… Ports Experience At present Engineering, procurement and construction of the water replacement system of the fire system. Miramar Services Pier. EMBYSA - Nicaragua Engineering and construction service for the stabilization of the submarine pipeline of the Marine Facilities of the Miramar Distribution Plant. EMBYSA - Nicaragua 2018 Project Management Consulting (PMC) service for the T&I Plataforma Delfín. Preparation, execution and transportation from Texas Lousiana USA to its installation in Lot Z-1 in Peru. FRONTERA ENERGY - EEUU - Peru Assistance to the berthing of ships in the Multiboya Terminal of the Miramar Fuel Distribution Plant. EMBYSA - Nicaragua Preparation of technical file “Improvement of the services of the Artisanal Fishing Landings in the town of Chancay. Chancay District Lima region. National Fisheries Development Fund. FONDEPES - Peru Preparation of technical file “Improvement of the services of the Artisanal Fishing Landings in the town of La Cruz.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Gobierno Municipal Municipio Miranda, Estado Zulia 2013-2017
    República Bolivariana de Venezuela PLAN DE GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL MUNICIPIO MIRANDA, ESTADO ZULIA 2013-2017 Jhovanny Enrique Padrón Pacheco C.I: 9.528.332 Licdo. Cum laude Admón. de desastres Candidato Alcalde Municipio Miranda. ESQUEMA I FASE ASPECTOS GENERALES 1. Ubicación Geográfica. 1.1 Vegetación. 1.2 Clima. 1.3 Topografía. 1.4 Hidrografía. 2. Reseña Histórica. 3. Economía. 4. Parroquias. 5. Poblaciones. 6. Cultura. 7. Folklore. 8. Personajes Destacados. 9. Universidades. 10. Tradiciones y Costumbres. 11. Refugio de Fauna Silvestre. 12. Himno. 13. Bandera. 14. Escudo. II FASE VÉRTICES A DESARROLLAR 1. Vialidad 2. Reactivación Economía Endógena 3. Turismo. 4. Desarrollo Social. 5. Salud. 6. Plan de Empleo Rápido. 7. Seguridad 8. Deporte 9. Educación 10. Transporte I FASE ASPECTOS GENERALES PLAN DE GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL. MUNICIPIO MIRANDA - ESTADO ZULIA 1. Ubicación Geográfica. El Municipio Miranda es uno de los 21 municipios ubicados en el estado Zulia, en Venezuela. Ubicado en la Costa Oriental del Lago de Maracaibo, su capital es Los Puertos de Altagracia. Recibe su nombre en homenaje al prócer de la independencia de Venezuela Francisco de Miranda (1750-1815). El municipio Miranda está ubicado en el extremo nororiental del estado Zulia, limita al Norte, con el Golfo de Venezuela; al Sur, con los municipios Santa Rita y Cabimas; al Este, con el estado Falcón; y al Oeste, con el Lago de Maracaibo está situada a 6 m de altitud en la orilla oriental del canal natural que comunica el lago de Maracaibo con la bahía del Tablazo. Mantiene relaciones directas con Maracaibo, Cabimas y Coro. Posee una población estimada para el año 2011 cercana a los 125.000 habitantes aproximadamente.
    [Show full text]
  • National Report – Venezuela
    MESOAMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN SEA HYDROGRAPHIC COMMISSION (MACHC) 13th Assembly, Antigua Guatemala, 19 to 22 November 2012 NATIONAL REPORT – VENEZUELA Servicio de Hidrografía y Navegación (DHN) 1. Hydrographic/ (Armada Bolivariana) Service: Hydrography and Navigation Service (Venezuelan Bolivarian Navy) Coverage of new surveys: during 2012 the different units under responsibility of DHN conducted the following surveys: DHN: Hydrography and Navigation Service • Hydro-Oceanographic Survey for the elaboration of the Nautical Chart "JUAN ANDRÉS-CUYAGUA" (DHN-325), chart "URICAO-AROA" (DHN-326), chart "CHORONI" (DHN- 327), chart "VALLE SECO-CHUAO" (DHN-328) and chart "CEPE" (DNH-329). EHPC: Puerto Cabello Hydrographic Station and Hydrographic Ship “LELY” (LH-12): • Hydrographic Survey in the Aves Archipelago “AVE DE BARLOVENTO ISLAND” (DHN-324). 2. Surveys: EHPAM: Pampatar Hydrographic Station: • Update Nautical Chart “APROXIMACIÓN PUERTO LA CRUZ” (DHN-408). EHPO: Puerto Ordaz Hydrographic Station and Hydrographic Ship “GABRIELA” (LH-11): • Hydrographic Survey, for the elaboration of the chart “PIEDRA DEL ROSARIO”, Ciudad Bolívar. (DHN-9312A). • Hydrographic Survey for the edition of the nautical Chart “APROXIMACIÓN MATANZAS” (DHN-960A). BO-11: Oceanographic Ship “PUNTA BRAVA” (BO-11=): • Hydrographic survey of Dragon Camp (north of Peninsula of Paria), for the Petroleum National Company (PDVSA). 3.1) There were published the following new paper charts: • DHN-108 “Monjes del Sur”. 3. New charts & • DHN-515 “Punta de Piedras”. updates: • DHN-608 “Aproximación a Pedernales”. • DHN-1601 “Portulano de la Ceiba”. • DHN-9603A “Bauxilum”. 3.2) There were updated the following paper charts : • DHN-303 ”Aproximación a Puerto Cabello” (4 th Edition). • DHN-304 “Punta Morón a Ensenada de Cata (2 nd Edition).
    [Show full text]