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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE TRANSITION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE REFLECTED THROUGH THE MAJOR FEMALE CHARACTERS’ ROLES IN BETTY SMITH’S A TREE GROWS IN BROOKLYN AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By LISMA FERAWATI SITUMORANG Student Number: 104214087 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE TRANSITION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE REFLECTED THROUGH THE MAJOR FEMALE CHARACTERS’ ROLES IN BETTY SMITH’S A TREE GROWS IN BROOKLYN AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By LISMA FERAWATI SITUMORANG Student Number: 104214087 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis THE TRANSITION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE REFLECTED THROUGH THE MAJOR FEMALE CHARACTERS' ROLES IN BETTY SMITH'S A TREE GROWS INBROOKLYN By LISMA FERAWATI SITUMORANG Student Number: 104214087 Approved by yY' AB. Sri Mulyam, M.A.,Ph.D. October 6, 2017 Advisor Drs. Hinnawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. October 6, 2017 Co-Advisor 11 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Smjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis THE TRANSITION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE REFLECTED THROUGH THE MAJOR FEMALE CHARACTERS' ROLES IN BETTY SMITH'S A TREE GROWS INBROOKLYN By LISMA FERAWATI SITUMORANG Student Nwnber: 104214087 Defended before the Board ofExaminers on October 16, 2017 and Declared Acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name Chairperson : A.B. Sri Mulyani, M.A.,Ph.D Secretary : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. ;Jk--- Member 1 : Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum. ~ Member 2 : A.B. Sri Mulyani, M.A.,Ph.D Member 3 : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hwn. -JKi1-. Yogyakarta, October 31,2017 Faculty ofLetters . --- nata Dharma University ,;yo':;'lf' ~""',.,;., Dean r E? (~:) "'j)." .I gl'. tr;c-"-.,::.. .''" \ 7. ,fI.~'j~~,(t) . I ':;<~,c.f.~~~:~~~ ir. """",::l;"''fu/.t> Ari Subagyo, M.Hwn. "''';;-'~'''''' 111 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dhanna Nama : Lisma Ferawati Situmorang Nomor Mahasiswa : 104214087 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul THE TRANSITION OF TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE REFLECTED THROUGH THE MAJOR FEMALE CHARACTERS' ROLES IN BETTY SMITH'S A TREE GROWS IN BROOKLYN besel1a perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secm·a terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di YogyakaJ1a Pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2017 Yang menyatakan, ~ Lisma Ferawati Situmorang IV PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis. Lisma Ferawati Situmorang v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first and greatest gratitude goes to my creator, Jesus Christ. Thank you for the life and blessings. It is only by Your grace that I can finish this thesis. I would like to thank my advisor A.B. Sri Mulyani, M.A., Ph.D. for the help, guidance, and understanding given during the process of writing this thesis. I thank Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M.Hum., my co-advisor, and Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum. for the corrections and suggestions to make this thesis better. I would also like to thank all lecturers of English Letters Department and staff of Sanata Dharma University. To my parents, thank you for the supports and prayers. I am so grateful for having parents like you two, who are always giving your best as parents for me. For my big brothers, thank you for the supports and criticisms. I know those criticisms were meant to motivate me to finish this thesis and my study. I would also like to thank all friends in English Letters Department, especially class C. I am grateful to know you all and it was a priceless experience to study with you all here in Sanata Dharma. Thanks to Olivia, Nene, and Ezra for the friendship all these years. Lastly, for everyone that I know here in Yogyakarta, thank you for the memories and life lessons. Lisma Ferawati Situmorang vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................. i APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ............................................................................................. iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ....... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ......................................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................................... 2 C. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 2 D. Definition of Terms ................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......................................................... 4 A. Review of Related Studies ...................................................................................... 4 B. Review of Related Theories .................................................................................... 6 1. Theories of Character ......................................................................................... 6 2. Theory of Characterization ................................................................................. 7 3. Theories of Gender Role ..................................................................................... 8 C. Review of the Development of Background Feminism until the Nineteenth Century in the United States .................................................................................. 11 D. Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ....................................................................... 15 A. Object of the Study ................................................................................................ 15 B. Approach of the Study ........................................................................................... 16 C. Method of the Study .............................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 18 A. Gender Roles in the Society in Smith‟s A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ....................... 18 1. Gender Role and the Public Sphere .................................................................. 20 2. Gender Role and the Domestic Sphere ............................................................. 21 3. Gender Role and the Political Right ................................................................. 23 B. The Description of Major Female Characters in Smith‟s A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ......................................................................................................................... 24 1. Katie Nolan as a Mother in the Nolan Family ...................................................... 24 2. Francie Nolan as a Daughter in the Nolan Family ........................................... 30 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI C. Major Female Characters‟ Development Reflecting the Transition of Gender Role in the Society .................................................................................................................. 34 1. Katie Nolan as the Breadwinner and Her Perspective on Education ................. 34 2. Francie Nolan as the Breadwinner and Her Education Pursuit ........................ 38 CHAPTER V:

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