Ulysséa, M.A. & Brandão, C.R.F. 2012. a New Ant Species Of
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Newly Discovered Sister Lineage Sheds Light on Early Ant Evolution
Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution Christian Rabeling†‡§, Jeremy M. Brown†¶, and Manfred Verhaagh‡ †Section of Integrative Biology, and ¶Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, TX 78712; and ‡Staatliches Museum fu¨r Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Edited by Bert Ho¨lldobler, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, and approved August 4, 2008 (received for review June 27, 2008) Ants are the world’s most conspicuous and important eusocial insects and their diversity, abundance, and extreme behavioral specializations make them a model system for several disciplines within the biological sciences. Here, we report the discovery of a new ant that appears to represent the sister lineage to all extant ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phylogenetic position of this cryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequenced from a single leg. Martialis heureka (gen. et sp. nov.) also constitutes the sole representative of a new, morphologically distinct subfamily of ants, the Martialinae (subfam. nov.). Our analyses have reduced the likelihood of long-branch attraction artifacts that have trou- bled previous phylogenetic studies of early-diverging ants and therefore solidify the emerging view that the most basal extant ant lineages are cryptic, hypogaeic foragers. On the basis of morpho- logical and phylogenetic evidence we suggest that these special- EVOLUTION ized subterranean predators are the sole surviving representatives of a highly divergent lineage that arose near the dawn of ant diversification and have persisted in ecologically stable environ- ments like tropical soils over great spans of time. -
Autecology of the Sunda Pangolin (Manis Javanica) in Singapore
AUTECOLOGY OF THE SUNDA PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA) IN SINGAPORE LIM T-LON, NORMAN (B.Sc. (Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 An adult male Manis javanica (MJ17) raiding an arboreal Oceophylla smaradgina nest. By shutting its nostrils and eyes, the Sunda Pangolin is able to protect its vulnerable parts from the powerful bites of this ant speces. The scales and thick skin further reduce the impacts of the ants’ attack. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My supervisor Professor Peter Ng Kee Lin is a wonderful mentor who provides the perfect combination of support and freedom that every graduate student should have. Despite his busy schedule, he always makes time for his students and provides the appropriate advice needed. His insightful comments and innovative ideas never fail to impress and inspire me throughout my entire time in the University. Lastly, I am most grateful to Prof. Ng for seeing promise in me and accepting me into the family of the Systematics and Ecology Laboratory. I would also like to thank Benjamin Lee for introducing me to the subject of pangolins, and subsequently introducing me to Melvin Gumal. They have guided me along tremendously during the preliminary phase of the project and provided wonderful comments throughout the entire course. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) provided funding to undertake this research. In addition, field biologists from the various WCS offices in Southeast Asia have helped tremendously throughout the project, especially Anthony Lynam who has taken time off to conduct a camera-trapping workshop. -
PROCEEDINGS of the WORKSHOP on TRADE and CONSERVATION of PANGOLINS NATIVE to SOUTH and SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S
PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S. Pantel and S.Y. Chin Wildlife Reserves Singapore Group PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 JUNE –2JULY 2008, SINGAPORE ZOO EDITED BY S. PANTEL AND S. Y. CHIN 1 Published by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia © 2009 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in these proceedings is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in these proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Sandrine Pantel, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation: Sandrine Pantel and Chin Sing Yun (ed.). 2009. Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia, 30 June-2 July -
The Functions and Evolution of Social Fluid Exchange in Ant Colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 1-30 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:001 13 January 2021 Review Article Trophallaxis: the functions and evolution of social fluid exchange in ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C. LeBoeuf Abstract Trophallaxis is a complex social fluid exchange emblematic of social insects and of ants in particular. Trophallaxis behaviors are present in approximately half of all ant genera, distributed over 11 subfamilies. Across biological life, intra- and inter-species exchanged fluids tend to occur in only the most fitness-relevant behavioral contexts, typically transmitting endogenously produced molecules adapted to exert influence on the receiver’s physiology or behavior. Despite this, many aspects of trophallaxis remain poorly understood, such as the prevalence of the different forms of trophallaxis, the components transmitted, their roles in colony physiology and how these behaviors have evolved. With this review, we define the forms of trophallaxis observed in ants and bring together current knowledge on the mechanics of trophallaxis, the contents of the fluids transmitted, the contexts in which trophallaxis occurs and the roles these behaviors play in colony life. We identify six contexts where trophallaxis occurs: nourishment, short- and long-term decision making, immune defense, social maintenance, aggression, and inoculation and maintenance of the gut microbiota. Though many ideas have been put forth on the evolution of trophallaxis, our analyses support the idea that stomodeal trophallaxis has become a fixed aspect of colony life primarily in species that drink liquid food and, further, that the adoption of this behavior was key for some lineages in establishing ecological dominance. -
James K. Wetterer
James K. Wetterer Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone: (561) 799-8648; FAX: (561) 799-8602; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA, 9/83 - 8/88 Ph.D., Zoology: Ecology and Evolution; Advisor: Gordon H. Orians. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, MI, 9/81 - 9/83 M.S., Zoology: Ecology; Advisors: Earl E. Werner and Donald J. Hall. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NY, 9/76 - 5/79 A.B., Biology: Ecology and Systematics. UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS III, France, 1/78 - 5/78 Semester abroad: courses in theater, literature, and history of art. WORK EXPERIENCE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, Wilkes Honors College 8/04 - present: Professor 7/98 - 7/04: Associate Professor Teaching: Biodiversity, Principles of Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Human Ecology, Environmental Studies, Tropical Ecology, Field Biology, Life Science, and Scientific Writing 9/03 - 1/04 & 5/04 - 8/04: Fulbright Scholar; Ants of Trinidad and Tobago COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 7/96 - 6/98: Assistant Professor Teaching: Community Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, and Tropical Ecology WHEATON COLLEGE, Department of Biology 8/94 - 6/96: Visiting Assistant Professor Teaching: General Ecology and Introductory Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Museum of Comparative Zoology 8/91- 6/94: Post-doctoral Fellow; Behavior, ecology, and evolution of fungus-growing ants Advisors: Edward O. Wilson, Naomi Pierce, and Richard Lewontin 9/95 - 1/96: Teaching: Ethology PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7/89 - 7/91: Research Associate; Ecology and evolution of leaf-cutting ants Advisor: Stephen Hubbell 1/91 - 5/91: Teaching: Tropical Ecology, Introduction to the Scientific Method VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Department of Psychology 9/88 - 7/89: Post-doctoral Fellow; Visual psychophysics of fish and horseshoe crabs Advisor: Maureen K. -
Regulation of Queen Development Through Worker Aggression in A
Behavioral Ecology 2 Behavioral Ecology doi:10.1093/beheco/ars062 Advance Access publication 26 April 2012 stress may be used to inhibit queen development in wasps (25 °C, 12:12 light/day) and fed live crickets (Acheta domesticus) (Jeanne 2009), and observations of antennal drumming in Po- twice per week, which workers paralyze in the foraging arena Original Article listes fuscatus have been linked to regulation of caste develop- and bring into the nest. All colonies used in this experiment ment (Suryanarayanan et al. 2011). In the ant Myrmica, workers were headed by gamergates (mated reproductive workers). have been observed biting queen-destined larvae at the end of the breeding season, piercing the larval cuticle, and a portion JH application and induction of queen development Regulation of queen development through of these larvae revert to worker development (Brian 1973). In the context of these previous studies, we hypothesized that To confirm that JHA application could induce queen develop- worker aggression in a predatory ant mechanical stress may serve as a mechanism to regulate queen ment in H. saltator, we tested the effect of topical application development in ants, particularly species from the relatively of JHA on final instar larvae (fourth instar). Twenty to thirty basal subfamily Ponerinae whose members share a number of fourth instar larvae (4.1–6.5 mm in length) were taken from April 26 ancestral characters in morphology and behavior that may limit a single mature colony and divided evenly between 2 groups Clint A. Penick and Ju¨rgen Liebig worker control over larval feeding (Schmidt 2009). -
THE TRUE ARMY ANTS of the INDO-AUSTRALIAN AREA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae)
Pacific Insects 6 (3) : 427483 November 10, 1964 THE TRUE ARMY ANTS OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN AREA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) By Edward O. Wilson BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. Abstract: All of the known Indo-Australian species of Dorylinae, 4 in Dorylus and 34 in Aenictus, are included in this revision. Eight of the Aenictus species are described as new: artipus, chapmani, doryloides, exilis, huonicus, nganduensis, philiporum and schneirlai. Phylo genetic and numerical analyses resulted in the discarding of two extant subgenera of Aenictus (Typhlatta and Paraenictus) and the loose clustering of the species into 5 informal " groups" within the unified genus Aenictus. A consistency test for phylogenetic characters is discussed. The African and Indo-Australian doryline species are compared, and available information in the biology of the Indo-Australian species is summarized. The " true " army ants are defined here as equivalent to the subfamily Dorylinae. Not included are species of Ponerinae which have developed legionary behavior independently (see Wilson, E. O., 1958, Evolution 12: 24-31) or the subfamily Leptanillinae, which is very distinct and may be independent in origin. The Dorylinae are not as well developed in the Indo-Australian area as in Africa and the New World tropics. Dorylus itself, which includes the famous driver ants, is centered in Africa and sends only four species into tropical Asia. Of these, the most widespread reaches only to Java and the Celebes. Aenictus, on the other hand, is at least as strongly developed in tropical Asia and New Guinea as it is in Africa, with 34 species being known from the former regions and only about 15 from Africa. -
The Coexistence
Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 181 - 191 Wien, September 2006 Tetramorium pacificum MAYR, 1870, T. scabrum MAYR, 1879 sp.rev., T. manobo (CALILUNG, 2000) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – three good species Birgit C. SCHLICK-STEINER, Florian M. STEINER & Herbert ZETTEL Abstract By combining morphological and molecular analyses we scrutinize the taxonomic status of selected ant species of the Tetramorium bicarinatum (NYLANDER, 1846) species group. We confirm Apomyrmex manobo CALILUNG, 2000 as a member of the genus Tetramorium, and evaluate whether T. manobo and T. scabrum MAYR, 1879, which currently is a junior synonym of T. pacificum MAYR, 1870, are specifically distinct from T. pacificum. Morphometry shows clear differences between workers of the three ants. Sequence comparison of 700 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene confirms that they constitute separate species, embedded in the T. bicarinatum species group. Thus, we confirm T. manobo as a valid species and revive T. scabrum sp.rev. from synonymy. Pronounced morphological variation between T. scabrum populations indicates the possible existence of more than one species. We discuss our findings in terms of plesiomorphy and / or convergent evolution of worker morphology. Tetramorium manobo appears to be a Philippine endemic restricted to the subregion "Greater Mindanao", where it inhabits forest habitats. In contrast, on the Philippines T. pacificum is found only in disturbed habitats. Additionally, we review the ants of the T. bicarinatum group currently known from the Philippines and add the first record of T. obtusidens VIEHMEYER, 1916. Key words: Tetramorium bicarinatum group, Tetramorium pacificum, Tetramorium scabrum, Tetramorium manobo, Tetramorium obtusidens, Oriental region, Indo-Australian region, morphometry, mitochondrial DNA, taxonomy. -
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ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 30: 27-52 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_030:027 16 January 2020 Original Article Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus Aiki Yamada, Dai D. Nguyen, & Katsuyuki Eguchi Abstract The monotypic genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera, Formicidae, Leptanillinae) is an ex- tremely rare relictual lineage of apparently subterranean ants, so far known only from a few specimens of the worker and queen from Ha Tinh in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The phylogenetic position of the genus had been uncertain until recent molecular phylogenetic studies strongly supported the genus to be the most basal lineage in the cryptic subterranean subfamily Leptanillinae. In the present study, we examine the morphology of the worker, queen, male, and larva of the only species in the genus, Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008, based on colonies newly collected from Guangxi in China and Son La in Vietnam, and provide descriptions and illustrations of the male, larva, and some body parts of the worker and queen (including mouthparts, tentorium, and sting apparatus) for the first time. The novel morphological data, particularly from the male, larva, and sting apparatus, support the current phylogenetic position of the genus as the most basal leptanilline lineage. Moreover, we suggest that the loss of lancet valves in the fully functional sting apparatus with accompanying shift of the venom ejecting mechanism may be a non-homoplastic synapomorphy for the Leptanillinae within the Formicidae. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Paraguay with Descriptions of Two New Species
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 594302, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/594302 Research Article Distribution and Diversity of the Cryptic Ant Genus Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Paraguay with Descriptions of Two New Species T. Delsinne,1 W. Mackay, 2 A. Wild,3 Y. Roisin,4 and M. Leponce1 1 Biological Evaluation Section, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 street Vautier, 1000 Brussels, Belgium 2 Laboratory for Environmental Biology, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA 3 Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Correspondence should be addressed to T. Delsinne, [email protected] Received 2 April 2011; Accepted 19 April 2011 Academic Editor: Fernando Fernandez´ Copyright © 2012 T. Delsinne et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We discuss the diversity and distribution of the ant genus Oxyepoecus in Paraguay. Oxyepoecus inquilinus is recorded for the first time, and new distribution data are given for O. rastratus and O. vezenyii. Published data for O. bruchi, O. rastratus, O. reticulatus, and O. vezenyii are summarized. Two new species are described (O. bidentatus n. sp. and O. striatus n. sp.), and a key to the workers of the seven Paraguayan Oxyepoecus species is provided. At Teniente Enciso National Park, four species cooccur. This locality appears as a promising site for studies documenting the biology of this poorly known ant genus, and because of the IUCN “vulnerable“ Red List classification of O. -
Actes Des Colloques Insectes Sociaux
U 2 I 0 E 0 I 2 S ACTES DES COLLOQUES INSECTES SOCIAUX Edité par l'Union Internationale pour l’Etude des Insectes Sociaux - Section française (sous la direction de François-Xavier DECHAUME MONCHARMONT et Minh-Hà PHAM-DELEGUE) VOL. 15 (2002) – COMPTE RENDU DU COLLOQUE ANNUEL 50e anniversaire - Versailles - 16-18 septembre 2002 ACTES DES COLLOQUES INSECTES SOCIAUX Edité par l'Union Internationale pour l’Etude des Insectes Sociaux - Section française (sous la direction de François-Xavier DECHAUME MONCHARMONT et Minh-Hà PHAM-DELEGUE) VOL. 15 (2002) – COMPTE RENDU DU COLLOQUE ANNUEL 50e anniversaire - Versailles - 16-18 septembre 2002 ISSN n° 0265-0076 ISBN n° 2-905272-14-7 Composé au Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Comparée des Invertébrés (INRA, Bures-sur-Yvette) Publié on-line sur le site des Insectes Sociaux : : http://www.univ-tours.fr/desco/UIEIS/UIEIS.htm Comité Scientifique : Martin GIURFA Université Toulouse Alain LENOIR Université Tours Christian PEETERS CNRS Paris 6 Minh-Hà PHAM-DELEGUE INRA Bures Comité d'Organisation : Evelyne GENECQUE F.X. DECHAUME MONCHARMONT Et toute l’équipe du LNCI (INRA Bures) Nous remercions sincèrement l’INRA et l’établissement THOMAS qui ont soutenu financièrement cette manifestation. Crédits Photographiques Couverture : 1. Abeille : Serge CARRE (INRA) 2. Fourmis : Photothèque CNRS 3. Termite : Alain ROBERT (Université de Bourgogne, Dijon) UIEIS Versailles Page 1 Programme UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR L’ETUDE DES INSECTES SOCIAUX UIEIS Section Française - 50ème Anniversaire Versailles 16-18 Septembre 2002 PROGRAMME Lundi 16 septembre 9 h ACCUEIL DES PARTICIPANTS - CAFE 10 h Présentation du Centre INRA de Versailles – Président du Centre Session Plasticité et Socialité- Modérateur Martin Giurfa 10 h 15 - Conférence Watching the bee brain when it learns – Randolf Menzel (Université Libre de Berlin) 11 h 15 Calcium responses to queen pheromones, social pheromones and plant odours in the antennal lobe of the honey bee drone Apis mellifera L. -
Diversity of Bacteria in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Canopy and Understory of Selected Trees at Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines
Philippine Journal of Science 150 (3): 753-763, June 2021 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 30 Sep 2020 Diversity of Bacteria in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Canopy and Understory of Selected Trees at Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines Michael P. Gatpatan1, Mia Beatriz C. Amoranto1, Alfredo Jose C. Ballesteros3, Noel G. Sabino1, Jocelyn T. Zarate2, Ma. Anita M. Bautista3, and Lucille C. Villegas1* 1Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences 2National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH) University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031 Philippines 3National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (NIMBB) University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines The Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) is a biodiversity hotspot and listed as one of the 170 conservation priority areas established by the Philippine government. Its flora and fauna diversity has been reported, but knowledge gap has been identified concerning the bacterial communities associated with the flora and fauna. This study focused on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which are dominant in forest canopy and play essential roles in the ecosystem functionality. A metagenomic sequencing approach based on amplified V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA was employed to investigate the bacterial communities associated with five arboreal ant species collected from MMFR. The collected ants were identified as Dolichoderus thoracicus, Myrmicaria sp., Colobopsis leonardi, Polyrhachis mindanaensis, and Polyrhachis semiinermis. The sequence analyses revealed that Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. Individual analysis of the bacterial genera associated with the five ant species showed that unclassified members of Rhizobiaceae, Orbaceae, and Burkholderiaceae were dominant in D.