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Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the Birth of General Relativity Reviewed by David E
BOOK REVIEW Einstein’s Italian Mathematicians: Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the Birth of General Relativity Reviewed by David E. Rowe Einstein’s Italian modern Italy. Nor does the author shy away from topics Mathematicians: like how Ricci developed his absolute differential calculus Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the as a generalization of E. B. Christoffel’s (1829–1900) work Birth of General Relativity on quadratic differential forms or why it served as a key By Judith R. Goodstein tool for Einstein in his efforts to generalize the special theory of relativity in order to incorporate gravitation. In This delightful little book re- like manner, she describes how Levi-Civita was able to sulted from the author’s long- give a clear geometric interpretation of curvature effects standing enchantment with Tul- in Einstein’s theory by appealing to his concept of parallel lio Levi-Civita (1873–1941), his displacement of vectors (see below). For these and other mentor Gregorio Ricci Curbastro topics, Goodstein draws on and cites a great deal of the (1853–1925), and the special AMS, 2018, 211 pp. 211 AMS, 2018, vast secondary literature produced in recent decades by the world that these and other Ital- “Einstein industry,” in particular the ongoing project that ian mathematicians occupied and helped to shape. The has produced the first 15 volumes of The Collected Papers importance of their work for Einstein’s general theory of of Albert Einstein [CPAE 1–15, 1987–2018]. relativity is one of the more celebrated topics in the history Her account proceeds in three parts spread out over of modern mathematical physics; this is told, for example, twelve chapters, the first seven of which cover episodes in [Pais 1982], the standard biography of Einstein. -
Math, Physics, and Calabi–Yau Manifolds
Math, Physics, and Calabi–Yau Manifolds Shing-Tung Yau Harvard University October 2011 Introduction I’d like to talk about how mathematics and physics can come together to the benefit of both fields, particularly in the case of Calabi-Yau spaces and string theory. This happens to be the subject of the new book I coauthored, THE SHAPE OF INNER SPACE It also tells some of my own story and a bit of the history of geometry as well. 2 In that spirit, I’m going to back up and talk about my personal introduction to geometry and how I ended up spending much of my career working at the interface between math and physics. Along the way, I hope to give people a sense of how mathematicians think and approach the world. I also want people to realize that mathematics does not have to be a wholly abstract discipline, disconnected from everyday phenomena, but is instead crucial to our understanding of the physical world. 3 There are several major contributions of mathematicians to fundamental physics in 20th century: 1. Poincar´eand Minkowski contribution to special relativity. (The book of Pais on the biography of Einstein explained this clearly.) 2. Contributions of Grossmann and Hilbert to general relativity: Marcel Grossmann (1878-1936) was a classmate with Einstein from 1898 to 1900. he was professor of geometry at ETH, Switzerland at 1907. In 1912, Einstein came to ETH to be professor where they started to work together. Grossmann suggested tensor calculus, as was proposed by Elwin Bruno Christoffel in 1868 (Crelle journal) and developed by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita (1901). -
Marcel Grossmann Awards
MG15 MARCEL GROSSMANN AWARDS ROME 2018 ICRANet and ICRA MG XV MARCEL GROSSMANN AWARDS ROME 2018 and TEST The 15th Marcel Grossmann Meeting – MG XV 2nd July 2018, Rome (Italy) Aula Magna – University “Sapienza” of Rome Institutional Awards Goes to: PLANCK SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION (ESA) “for obtaining important constraints on the models of inflationary stage of the Universe and level of primordial non-Gaussianity; measuring with unprecedented sensitivity gravitational lensing of Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations by large-scale structure of the Universe and corresponding B- polarization of CMB, the imprint on the CMB of hot gas in galaxy clusters; getting unique information about the time of reionization of our Universe and distribution and properties of the dust and magnetic fields in our Galaxy” - presented to Jean-Loup Puget, the Principal Investigator of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) HANSEN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS LABORATORY AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY “to HEPL for having developed interdepartmental activities at Stanford University at the frontier of fundamental physics, astrophysics and technology” - presented to Research Professor Leo Hollberg, HEPL Assistant Director Individual Awards Goes to LYMAN PAGE “for his collaboration with David Wilkinson in realizing the NASA Explorer WMAP mission and as founding director of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope” Goes to RASHID ALIEVICH SUNYAEV “for the development of theoretical tools in the scrutinising, through the CMB, of the first observable electromagnetic appearance of our Universe” Goes to SHING-TUNG YAU “for the proof of the positivity of total mass in the theory of general relativity and perfecting as well the concept of quasi-local mass, for his proof of the Calabi conjecture, for his continuous inspiring role in the study of black holes physics” Each recipient is presented with a silver casting of the TEST sculpture by the artist A. -
Chronological List of Correspondence, 1895–1920
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CORRESPONDENCE, 1895–1920 In this chronological list of correspondence, the volume and document numbers follow each name. Documents abstracted in the calendars are listed in the Alphabetical List of Texts in this volume. 1895 13 or 20 Mar To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 45 29 Apr To Rosa Winteler, 1, 46 Summer To Caesar Koch, 1, 6 18 May To Rosa Winteler, 1, 47 28 Jul To Julia Niggli, 1, 48 Aug To Rosa Winteler, 5: Vol. 1, 48a 1896 early Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 50 6? Aug To Julia Niggli, 1, 51 21 Apr To Marie Winteler, with a 10? Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 52 postscript by Pauline Einstein, after 10 Aug–before 10 Sep 1,18 From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 53 7 Sep To the Department of Education, 10 Sep To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 54 Canton of Aargau, 1, 20 11 Sep To Julia Niggli, 1, 55 4–25 Nov From Marie Winteler, 1, 29 11 Sep To Pauline Winteler, 1, 56 30 Nov From Marie Winteler, 1, 30 28? Sep To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 57 10 Oct To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 58 1897 19 Oct To the Swiss Federal Council, 1, 60 May? To Pauline Winteler, 1, 34 1900 21 May To Pauline Winteler, 5: Vol. 1, 34a 7 Jun To Pauline Winteler, 1, 35 ? From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 61 after 20 Oct From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 36 28 Feb To the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs, 1, 62 1898 26 Jun To the Zurich City Council, 1, 65 29? Jul To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 68 ? To Maja Einstein, 1, 38 1 Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 69 2 Jan To Mileva Maric;; [envelope only], 1 6 Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 70 13 Jan To Maja Einstein, 8: Vol. -
Lost in the Tensors: Einstein's Struggles with Covariance Principles 1912-1916"
JOHN EARMAN and CLARK GL YMOUR LOST IN THE TENSORS: EINSTEIN'S STRUGGLES WITH COVARIANCE PRINCIPLES 1912-1916" Introduction IN 1912 Einstein began to devote a major portion of his time and energy to an attempt to construct a relativistic theory of gravitation. A strong intimation of the struggle that lay ahead is contained in a letter to Arnold Sommerfeld dated October 29, 1912: At the moment I am working solely on the problem of gravitation and believe 1 will be able to overcome all difficulties with the help of a local, friendly mathemat- ician. But one thing is certain, that I have never worked so hard in my life, and that I have been injected with a great awe of mathematics, which in my naivet~ until now I only viewed as a pure luxury in its subtler forms! Compared to this problem the original theory of relativity is mere child's play.' Einstein's letter contained only a perfunctory reply to a query from Sommerfeld about the Debye-Born theory of specific heats. Obviously disappointed, Som- merfeld wrote to Hilbert: 'My letter to Einstein was in vain . Einstein is evidently so deeply mired in gravitation that he is deaf to everything else? Sommerfeld's words were more prophetic than he could possibly have known; the next three years were to see Einstein deeply mired in gravitation, sometimes seemingly hopelessly so. In large measure, Einstein's struggle resulted from his use and his misuse, his understanding and his misunderstanding of the nature and implications of covariance principles. In brief, considerations of general covariance were bound up with Einstein's motive for seeking a 'generalized' theory of relativity; mis- understandings about the meaning and implementation of this motivation threatened to wreck the search; and in the end, the desire for general covariance helped to bring Einstein back onto the track which led to what we now recognize *Present address c/o Department of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, U.S.A. -
The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics
September 4, 2017 9:39 ws-procs961x669 MG-14 – Proceedings (Part D) D433 page 3372 3372 The renaissance of general relativity in Rome: Main actors, research programs and institutional structures Luisa Bonolis∗ Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany ∗E-mail: [email protected] Adele La Rana Sapienza University, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Roberto Lalli Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] We show that the revitalization of General Relativity (GR) in Rome during the 1960s was mainly shaped by the confluence of two different research programs centered around two authoritative figures: the first was the focusing of former Levi–Civita’s student Carlo Cattaneo on the mathematical problems of GR and the establishment of a research group in Rome; the second was sparked by the return in Italy of the astrophysicist Livio Gratton in 1960. We also argue that the material possibilities for a novel confluence between previously separated fields in the Roman environment was made possible by deep institutional changes and, especially, by the organizational choices and visions of Edoardo Amaldi who was leading the postwar reconstruction of Italian physics. Keywords: General relativity; relativistic astrophysics; Tullio Levi–Civita; Giuseppe Armellini; Enrico Fermi; Carlo Cattaneo; Edoardo Amaldi; Livio Gratton. The First Phase: The interwar period In the late 1960s, General Relativity (GR) definitely returned to the mainstream of physics, coming into focus in connection with major astrophysical discoveries and becoming an internationally visible, highly active field of research. In order to The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com better elucidate how this historical process — the so-called Renaissance of GR, as Clifford Will christened it — developed in Rome during the 1960s, it is necessary to put it in relation to the research and teaching of GR in the Roman institutional settings starting from the early 1920s. -
On the Occasion of the 14Th Marcel Grossmann Meeting
ICRANet on the occasion of the 14 th Marcel Grossmann Meeting – MGXIV in celebration of the International Year of Light 2015 the 100 th anniversary of the Einstein’s equations the golden jubilee of Relativistic Astrophysics The ICRANet Seats The University of Rome “La Sapienza” where the Physics Department hosts the ICRANet ICRANet Headquarters in Pescara (Italy). seat in Rome (Italy). ICRANet seat in Nice (France). National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Yerevan (Armenia). (Above:) CBPF, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Rio de Janeiro. (Below:) The planned seat at Cassino da Urca (Brazil). II This brochure reviews some background facts concerning the founding of ICRANet and its current structures and then turns to the 2015 celebrations of the Year of Light and the ICRANet initiated International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph.D. program (the IRAP-PhD). It then addresses the birth of relativistic astrophysics following the first fifty years of the existence of general relativity plagued mainly by the absence of observational or experimental activity. Four events marked the onset of relativistic astrophysics: the discovery by Schmidt of the first quasar in 1962, of Scorpius X1 by Riccardo Giacconi in 1963, of the cosmic background radiation by Penzias and Wilson in 1964, and of pulsars by Jocelyn-Bell and Antony Hewish in 1967. These events led to a systematic development of the understanding of the four pillars of relativistic astrophysics: supernovae where observations of the CRAB Nebula are still relevant today, white dwarfs and neutron stars, black holes and their first identification in Nature in Cygnus X1 found by Riccardo Giacconi with the UHURU satellite based on the conceptual background developed by our group in Princeton, and finally the discovery of gamma ray bursts as the largest energy source delivered in the shortest time of any astrophysical phenomenon. -
The Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting
THE THIRTEENTH MARCEL GROSSMANN MEETING On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories by UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED on 04/12/18. For personal use only. The Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com 9194_9789814612180-tpV1.indd 1 3/11/14 12:57 pm PART A THE THIRTEENTH MARCEL GROSSMANN MEETING On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories Proceedings of the MG13 Meeting on General Relativity Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 1–7 July 2012 Editors Robert T Jantzen Villanova University, USA Kjell Rosquist Stockholm University, Sweden by UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED on 04/12/18. For personal use only. Series Editor The Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com Remo Ruffini International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network (ICRANet), Italy University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI 9194_9789814612180-tpV1.indd 2 3/11/14 12:57 pm Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (13th : 2012 : Stockholms universitet) The Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Relativistic Field Theories : proceedings of the MG13 Meeting on General Relativity, Stockholm University, Sweden, 1–7 July 2012 / editors Kjell Rosquist (Stockholm University, Sweden), Robert T. Jantzen (Villanova University, USA) ; series editor Remo Ruffini (International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network (ICRANet), Italy & University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy). -
Complete Issue
World Customs Journal March 2017 Volume 11, Number 1 ISSN: 1834-6707 (Print) 1834-6715 (Online) World Customs Journal March 2017 Volume 11, Number 1 International Network of Customs Universities World Customs Journal Published by the Centre for Customs and Excise Studies (CCES), Charles Sturt University, Australia and the University of Münster, Germany in association with the International Network of Customs Universities (INCU) and the World Customs Organization (WCO). The World Customs Journal is a peer-reviewed journal which provides a forum for customs professionals, academics, industry researchers, and research students to contribute items of interest and share research and experiences to enhance its readers’ understanding of all aspects of the roles and responsibilities of Customs. The Journal is published twice a year. The website is at: www.worldcustomsjournal.org. Guidelines for Contributors are included at the end of each issue. More detailed guidance about style is available on the Journal’s website. Correspondence and all items submitted for publication should be sent in Microsoft Word or RTF, as email attachments, to the Editor-in-Chief: [email protected]. ISSN: 1834-6707 (Print) 1834-6715 (Online) Volume 11, Number 1 Published March 2017 © 2017 CCES, Charles Sturt University, Australia and University of Münster, Germany INCU (www.incu.org) is an association that provides the WCO and other organisations with a single point of contact with universities and research institutes that are active in the field of customs research, education and training. Copyright. All rights reserved. Permission to use the content of the World Customs Journal must be obtained from the copyright owner. -
DEC 1990, VOL 21 No 2.Pdf
EDITOR'S NOTE The PhilippineJournalof Linguisticsis the official publication of the Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Itpublishes original studies in descriptive, comparative, historical, and areal linguistics. Although its primary interest is in linguistic theory, it also publishes papers on the application of theory to language teaching, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, anthropological linguistics, etc. Papers on applied linguistics should, however, be chiefly concerned with the principles which underlie specific techniques rather than with the mechanical aspects of such techniques. Articles are published in English,although papers written in Filipino, the national language of the Philippines, will occasionally appear. Since the Linguistic Society of the Philippines is composed of members whose paramount interests are the Philippine languages, papers on these and related languages are given priority in publication. This does not mean, however, that the journal will limit its scope to the Austronesian language family. Studies on any aspectoflanguagestrocturearewe!come. Manuscripts for publication, exchange journals, and books for review or listing should be sent to the Editor, Brother Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines. Manuscripts from the United States and Europe should be sent to Dr. Lawrence A. Reid, Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute, University of Hawaii, 1980 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. Review Editor Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista, De La Salle University Managing Editor Teresita Erestain, De La Salle University Business Manager Angelita F. Alim, De La Salle University ©1990bytheLinguisticSocietyofthePhilippines The journal is distributed to members of the LinguisticSocietyofthePhilippinesand is paid for by their annual dues. The publication of the PhilippineJournalofLinguisticsis supported in part by the Summer InstituteofLinguisties(Philippines)andthePhilippineSocialScieneeCouneil. -
Aes Corporation
THE AES CORPORATION THE AES CORPORATION The global power company A Passion to Serve A Passion A PASSION to SERVE 2000 ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL REPORT THE AES CORPORATION 1001 North 19th Street 2000 Arlington, Virginia 22209 USA (703) 522-1315 CONTENTS OFFICES 1 AES at a Glance AES CORPORATION AES HORIZONS THINK AES (CORPORATE OFFICE) Richmond, United Kingdom Arlington, Virginia 2 Note from the Chairman 1001 North 19th Street AES OASIS AES TRANSPOWER Arlington, Virginia 22209 Suite 802, 8th Floor #16-05 Six Battery Road 5 Our Annual Letter USA City Tower 2 049909 Singapore Phone: (703) 522-1315 Sheikh Zayed Road Phone: 65-533-0515 17 AES Worldwide Overview Fax: (703) 528-4510 P.O. Box 62843 Fax: 65-535-7287 AES AMERICAS Dubai, United Arab Emirates 33 AES People Arlington, Virginia Phone: 97-14-332-9699 REGISTRAR AND Fax: 97-14-332-6787 TRANSFER AGENT: 83 2000 AES Financial Review AES ANDES FIRST CHICAGO TRUST AES ORIENT Avenida del Libertador COMPANY OF NEW YORK, 26/F. Entertainment Building 602 13th Floor A DIVISION OF EQUISERVE 30 Queen’s Road Central 1001 Capital Federal P.O. Box 2500 Hong Kong Buenos Aires, Argentina Jersey City, New Jersey 07303 Phone: 852-2842-5111 Phone: 54-11-4816-1502 USA Fax: 852-2530-1673 Fax: 54-11-4816-6605 Shareholder Relations AES AURORA AES PACIFIC Phone: (800) 519-3111 100 Pine Street Arlington, Virginia STOCK LISTING: Suite 3300 NYSE Symbol: AES AES ENTERPRISE San Francisco, California 94111 Investor Relations Contact: Arlington, Virginia USA $217 $31 Kenneth R. Woodcock 93% 92% AES ELECTRIC Phone: (415) 395-7899 $1.46* 91% Senior Vice President 89% Burleigh House Fax: (415) 395-7891 88% 1001 North 19th Street $.96* 18 Parkshot $.84* AES SÃO PAULO Arlington, Virginia 22209 Richmond TW9 2RG $21 Av. -
Members of the Linguistic Society of the Phiuppines 1985-1986
MEMBERS OF THE LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF THE PHIUPPINES 1985-1986 1. TED ABADIANO, JR., TAP, Inc., No.2 Legazpi, Phil-Am Homes, Quezon City 2. HUSEN ABAS, Language Center, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Sinu 199, Ujung Pandang, Indonesia 3. SHIRLEY ABBOT, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City 4. LARRY ALLEN, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City 5. LYDIA D. AMOYO, Borongan, Eastern Samar 6. CORAZON D. ANDAL, Pablo Borbon Memorial Institute of Technology, Batangas City 7. AZUCENA L. ANDRES, 3 Javier St., Taytay, Rizal 8. EPIFANIA G. ANGELES, Institute of National Language, 4th Floor, LDCI Bldg., Cor. EDSA & East Ave., Quezon City 9. EVAN ANTWORTH, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City 10. ROSA V. APIN, Institute of National Language, 4th Floor, LDCI Bldg., Cor. EDSA & East Ave., Quezon City 11. MALCOM ARMOUR, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Que- zon City , 12. BAGABAG LIBRARY, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City 13. BAGUIO VACATION NORMAL SCHOOL, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City 14. SABINA BAGUNU, Isabela State University, Cagayan, Isabela 15. ELPIDIO S. BAJAO, US Peace Corps Office, 2139 Fidel Reyes St., Malate, Manila 16. EDILBERTA C. BALA, Language Study Center, Philippine Normal College, Taft Avenue, Manila 17. ESTEUTA D. BALGOS, 2915 E. Rodriguez St., Malibay. Pasay City 18. DONALD BARR, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 12 Horseshoe Drive, Quezon City ; 19. NICOLASITA P. BARRIDO, College of Education, University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila ,; 20. REMEDIOS T. BARROSO, Bukidnon State College, Malaybalay, Bukidnon . 21. MA. LOURDES S.