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An Ex Post Impact Study of MAX-Lab Hallonsten, Olof

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An Ex Post Impact Study of MAX-Lab Hallonsten, Olof An ex post impact study of MAX-lab Hallonsten, Olof; Christensson, Oskar 2017 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hallonsten, O., & Christensson, O. (2017). An ex post impact study of MAX-lab. Lund University School of Economics and Management. Total number of authors: 2 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 OLOF HALLONSTEN | OSKAR CHRISTENSSON | HALLONSTEN OLOF An ex post impact study of MAX-lab OLOF HALLONSTEN | OSKAR CHRISTENSSON LUND UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT | LUND UNIVERSITY An ex post impact study of MAX-lab An ex post MAX-lab was a Swedish national research facility for synchrotron radiation, nuclear physics, and accelerator physics, in operation between 1986 and 2015 impact study MAX-lab of 2017 and located on the northern campus of Lund University. This report is the result of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of MAX-lab on science, economy, and society, and on local, national and international level. The report is based on official documentation, statistics, interviews, and previous studies of the history of MAX-lab. Its analysis and conclusions contribute to a broader and deeper understanding of the role of research infrastructures in science and society. Lund University 534549 School of Economics and Management ISBN 978-91-7753-454-9 789177 9 An ex post impact study of MAX-lab 1 2 An ex post impact study of MAX-lab Olof Hallonsten Oskar Christensson Lund University School of Economics and Management 2017 3 Coverphoto by Annika Nyberg Copyright Olof Hallonsten and Oskar Christensson Lund University School of Economics and Management ISBN 978-91-7753-454-9 Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck, Lund University Lund 2017 4 “Is there a reasonable alternative to MAX-lab for Swedish science and technology? Not really: without it, the Swedish users could still access ESRF and other national facilities – but the experience of other countries shows that without a strong national facility the quality and quantity of synchrotron activities would degrade, confining Sweden to a second-rank role.” (“Report from the review of the MAX laboratory, Lund, May 2009,” Swedish Research Council report 5:2010, p 24.) “You had a certain freedom at MAX-lab, that also came with responsibilities, that you didn’t have at other labs. You learned how to inject into the ring, for example, that only happened at MAX-lab. It gives self-conficence, and decisionmaking power, but also teaches you to communicate with people. […] I have given some though to what would have happened if I wouldn’t have come to MAX-lab. I would probably have ended up at a big place and it wouldn’t have been the same. Different disciplines gathered under the same roof at MAX-lab, with the machine in common and the goal in common: to do good science for the benefit of society. This made MAX-lab special.” (Marco Kirm, interviewed by Oskar Christensson, over Skype 6 January 2017.) 5 Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................. 8 List of tables .................................................................................................... 9 List of figures ................................................................................................. 10 List of abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................ 11 1. Introduction and framework ......................................................................... 13 1.1 Introduction to the study ......................................................................... 13 1.2 Conceptual framework, notes on method, and structure of the report ..... 21 2. Background and context ................................................................................ 33 2.1 Science, technology and research infrastructures ...................................... 33 2.2 Synchrotron radiation laboratories: History, organization, science, technology ............................................................................................... 37 2.3 Sweden and ‘Big Science’ ......................................................................... 52 2.4 A brief history of MAX-lab ...................................................................... 59 2.5 Short summaries of previous evaluations of MAX-lab and similar documentation ......................................................................................... 80 3. Scientific and technological impact ............................................................... 91 3.1 Science at MAX-lab ................................................................................. 91 3.2 General assessment of the impact of the scientific program of MAX-lab .. 97 3.3 Machine and instrumentation ............................................................... 105 3.4 Materials science .................................................................................... 113 3.4.1 Uppsala University’s Department of Physics .............................. 118 3.4.2 Physics in Linköping .................................................................. 122 3.4.3 Physics in Tartu, Estonia ........................................................... 124 3.5 Life science ............................................................................................ 126 3.5.1 “Low throughput” ..................................................................... 129 3.6 Nuclear physics ..................................................................................... 131 6 3.7 A motor for progress, renewal and internationalization of Swedish science ..................................................................................... 137 3.7.1 The user association(s) ............................................................... 144 3.7.2 Workshops and conferences ....................................................... 147 4. Economic impact ......................................................................................... 151 4.1 How facilities like MAX-lab can and cannot have economic impact ...... 151 4.2 Procurement and technology transfer .................................................... 157 4.2.1 The Scienta SES-200 ................................................................. 162 4.2.2 Scanditronix .............................................................................. 164 4.2.3 Erik Olssons Mekaniska ............................................................. 166 4.3 Industrial use of MAX-lab ..................................................................... 167 4.3.1 AstraZeneca and NovoNordisk at Cassiopeia ............................. 172 5. Educational and public impact .................................................................... 175 5.1 When science and society meet at MAX-lab .......................................... 175 5.2 Education .............................................................................................. 178 5.2.1 The Summer School in Synchrotron Radiation Research ........... 180 6. Lund University and MAX-lab .................................................................... 183 6.1 A well integrated lab .............................................................................. 183 6.2 Research activities at Lund University directly related to MAX-lab ........ 184 7. The broader picture: Lessons from the history of MAX-lab ......................... 191 7.1 Growing Big Science in a small country ................................................. 191 7.1.2 MAX IV .................................................................................... 194 7.2 Impact revisited ..................................................................................... 195 Appendices ...................................................................................................... 199 Appendix 1: Investments in MAX-lab, 1997-2012 ...................................... 199 Appendix 2: List of all published doctoral theses that build on work done at MAX-lab, alphabetical order of authors, 1988-2015 ................................ 202 Appendix 3: List of MAX-lab staff and faculty, 1987-2010 .......................... 221 Appendix 4: List of MAX-lab Committee members, board members, etc, 1986-2010 ............................................................................................ 228 Appendix 5: Postdoctors and visiting scientists listed in the MAX-lab Activity Reports, 1998-2010 ......................................................................
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