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The Study on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River in the Republic of India

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The Study on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River in the Republic of India No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION DIRECTORATE (NRCD) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II RIVER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN JULY 2005 TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. GE JR 05-038 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION DIRECTORATE (NRCD) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II RIVER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN JULY 2005 TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. Foreign Exchange Rate: Master Plan US$ 1 = JPY 109.09 US$ 1 = Rs 45.33 (As of March 2004) Feasibility Study US$ 1 = JPY 103.66 US$ 1 = Rs 43.70 (As of February 2005) FINAL REPORT ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER JULY 2005 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I SUMMARY VOLUME II RIVER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN VOLUME III MASTER PLAN FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME III-1 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR LUCKNOW CITY VOLUME III-2 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR KANPUR CITY VOLUME III-3 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR ALLAHABAD CITY VOLUME III-4 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR VARANASI CITY VOLUME III-5 NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME VOLUME III-6 SOCIAL CONSIDERATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION PLAN VOLUME III-7 RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT VOLUME III-8 GIS DATA MANAGEMENT VOLUME III-9 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME VOLUME III-10 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION VOLUME III-11 (SUPPORTING REPORT) CASE STUDY OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS VOLUME IV FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME IV-1 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR LUCKNOW CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-2 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR KANPUR CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-3 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ALLAHABAD CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-4 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR VARANASI CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME V PILOT PROJECT FOR SANITARY IMPROVEMENT OF MANIKARNIKA GHAT VOLUME II RIVER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Appendix Abbreviations TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 CURRENT WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS........................................... 1-1 1.1 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS....................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 River Water Quality Standards...................................................................................1-1 1.1.2 Effluent standard........................................................................................................1-3 1.2 CURRENT WATER QUALITY.........................................................................................1-4 1.2.1 Available Data............................................................................................................1-4 1.2.2 Ganga Main River ......................................................................................................1-4 1.2.3 Yamuna River.............................................................................................................1-5 1.2.4 Gomati River System and Other Major Tributaries ...................................................1-5 1.3 WATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY MONITORING .............................................1-6 1.3.1 Objectives...................................................................................................................1-7 1.3.2 Scope of work and methodology................................................................................1-7 1.3.3 Findings of the Water Quality Survey........................................................................1-9 1.3.4 Wastewater Loads from Nalas..................................................................................1-13 1.3.5 Monitoring of Sewage Treatment Plants..................................................................1-14 1.3.6 Pollution Load Survey..............................................................................................1-15 1.3.7 Characterization of Sediment from Gomati .............................................................1-15 CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY ESTIMATION ....................................................................... 2-1 2.1 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Limitation of the Inventory ........................................................................................2-2 2.1.2 Objective River Sub-basin .........................................................................................2-2 2.1.3 Modeling of Entire Ganga Basin................................................................................2-3 2.1.4 Linkage with GIS.......................................................................................................2-3 2.2 ESTIMATION OF WATER QUALITY..............................................................................2-4 2.2.1 Existing Pollution Load Generation...........................................................................2-4 i 2.2.2 Point Pollution Load Generation................................................................................2-4 2.2.3 Non-point Pollution Load Generation........................................................................2-5 2.2.4 Other Pollution Sources .............................................................................................2-5 2.2.5 Population Distribution in Ganga Basin.....................................................................2-6 2.2.6 Total Existing Pollution Load Generation..................................................................2-7 2.2.7 Future Pollution Load Generation Without Project....................................................2-9 2.2.8 Pollution Load Runoff.............................................................................................. 2-11 2.2.9 Simulated River Water Quality ................................................................................2-13 2.3 HIGHLIGHT OF THE FOUR CITIES.............................................................................2-15 CHAPTER 3 POLLUTION REDUCTION CONTROL ............................................................. 3-1 3.1 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTION....................................................................3-2 3.3 ESTIMATION OF BACTERIAL POLLUTION................................................................3-5 3.3.1 General .......................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.2 Japanese Case Study on Bacterial River Water Quality .............................................3-5 3.3.3 Longitudinal Profile of Coliform Number .................................................................3-7 3.3.4 Simulation Study for Faecal Coliform Number .........................................................3-8 3.4 POLLUTION REDUCTION PLAN FOR UPSTREAM AREA OF FOUR CITIES .......3-10 3.5 JAPANESE SCHEME OF POLLUTION CONTROL AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT ...............................................................................................................3-15 3.5.1 Current Situation of River Pollution in India ...........................................................3-15 3.5.2 Regulation of Total Maximum Daily Loading .........................................................3-15 3.5.3 Case Study of Comprehensive Pollution Control in Japan ......................................3-18 CHAPTER 4 RECOMMENDATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL ............. 4-1 4.1 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN THE ENTIRE GANGA BASIN ....................................4-1 4.1.1 Database System for Industrial Pollution Load Estimation .......................................4-1 4.1.2 Category-wise Distribution of Industrial Pollution....................................................4-1 4.1.3 Geographical Distribution of Industrial Pollution......................................................4-2 4.2 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION FROM 4 CITIES.................................................................4-4 4.2.1 City-wise Industrial Pollution Load ...........................................................................4-4 4.2.2 Industrial profile of Kanpur........................................................................................4-5 4.2.3 Tanneries Industry in Kanpur.....................................................................................4-5 4.2.4
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