for Europa Surface and Atmosphere Characterization from Orbiter or Lander Platform

M. Nurul Abedin1, Arthur T. Bradley1, Anupam K. Misra2, Christopher P. McKay3, Bruce W. Barnes1, Charles M. Boyer1, and Glenn D. Hines1 Courtesy: Artists' concept of the NASA Europa Lander 1NASA Langley Research Center 2University of Hawaii 2UNASA Ames Research Center Hampton, VA 23681 Honolulu, HI 96822 Moffett Field, CA 94035 Objective Raman Spectra of Water, Ice, and dry-ice at 15 m Remote Response Using 100 mm Telescope Develop remote Raman-Fluorescence spectroscopy and Lidar multi-spectral Atmospheric Return Signals from / instrument under Mars Instrument Development Project (MIDP). Investigation c and identification of minerals, organics, and biogenic materials, as well as atmospheric studies of Mars, Europa, Venus, asteroids/comets, and other planetary bodies from rovers and landers.

Approach 3 • The remote Raman spectroscopy and lidar instrument is based on inelastic (Raman) and elastic (Mie-Rayleigh) scattering 2 • This instrument inspects and identifies minerals, organic, and bio-genic 1 materials by operating the instrument in the Raman-fluorescence mode and monitors atmospheric and cloud distributions by operating the instrument in the lidar mode a • This integrated remote instrument operates from a robotic platform and performs Raman spectroscopy out to >15 m on the surface features and demonstrates long-range (to >10-km) atmospheric profiling

Cirrus Cloud Remote Raman Fluorescence and Atmospheric Lidar

Instrument Block Diagram Cloud

Low level cloud

b Atmospheric range corrected signals obtained on August 20, 2010 during 10:00 to 11:57 AM local time showing several layers of aerosols including 1) a low level boundary layer over 0.0 to 0.5 km, 2) an aerosol layer above the boundary layer over 0.5 to 1.3 km altitude, and 3) a narrow plume in the free troposphere at ~2.5 km altitude (a). Image of range corrected signals (bottom trace) with 1 min or 1200 shot averaging. Lidar return Raman spectra were acquired from water, ice, and dry-ice using signals were recorded on June 28, 2011, in the afternoon from 3:39 pm the prototype instrument from a robotic platform at a distance to 4:39 pm at LaRC [refs. 3-4]. of 15 meter. Traces (a), (b), and (c) show the Raman spectra of Mechanical Design of Remote Raman-Fluorescence & Lidar b liquid water, ice, and dry-ice (solid CO2) [refs. 1-4]. Instrument for an Europa lander/flyby platform Remote Raman Fluorescence and Atmospheric Lidar a Instrument Lidar Mode (>10 km range)

Raman and Atmospheric Lidar signals detection from a Robotic Platform

Students from left to right: Sergei Bilardi, Summer student from Embry-Riddle Aeronautic University, Derek Davis and Note: nf = notch filter, APD: Avalanche Photodiode, PMT 1 and PMT 2: Giovanna Peri from Old Dominion Photomultiplier Tube, and ICCD: Intensified Charge Coupled Device University. Acknowledgement:

Students are interested in We acknowledge NASA LaRC management for constant support on remote learning Rover systems and Raman, Fluorescence, and Lidar activities and also laboratory assistance acquiring Raman/fluorescence from Johnny Mau and Vincent Cruz. In addition, this program has been spectra and atmospheric supported in part by a joint NASA Mars Instrument Development Project aerosols/ signals from a to NASA LaRC and the University of Hawaii. Syed Ismail from Science robotic platform that was Directorate, Joshua Hibberd, Benjamin Robinson, Alexander Atkinson and developed in 2011 under Mars Giovanna Peri, graduate and undergraduate students from Old Dominion Instrument Development Project University, are past and presently involved in multi-spectral instrument (MIDP). activities at NASA Langley. References:

Remote Raman Fluorescence and Atmospheric Lidar [1]. Abedin, et al., Mars Concepts and Approaches Workshop, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, June 12-14, 2012. [2]. Abedin, Instrument Laser beam pointed to the atmosphere in (a); real-time lidar et al., ICORS 2012 - 23rd International Conference on Raman data acquisition and display in (b) Raman-Fluorescence Mode Spectroscopy - August 12-17, 2012 - Bangalore, India. [3]. Abedin, et al., Applied Optics, Vol. 52, No. 14, pp. 3116-3126, 2013. [4] Abedin, a b Summary: et. al., Applied Optics, Vol. 55, pp. , 2015. • We acquired Raman spectra from target samples (water, ice water, and dry ice) and characterized atmospheric aerosols and clouds under Mars Instrument Development Project (MIDP). • We have demonstrated a fully integrated remote Raman, Fluorescence, and Lidar Multi-Sensor prototype instrument onto a robotic platform at NASA Langley as an interim step towards development of a fully qualified and calibrated instrument for the Europa Lander/Flyby, Mars Sample Return (MSR), Venus in-Situ Explorer, Venera-D lander and other NASA missions. • In addition, this integrated instrument is suitable for multi-platform applications on planetary surfaces and Laser beam in (a) pointed to the surface target sample in (b) at a 15 meter distance atmospheres such as those of Mars, , and others as a precursor to future human exploration activities within NASA Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) missions.