Build a Linux Test Network Skill Level: Introductory
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Microkernels in a Bit More Depth Early Operating Systems Had Very Little Structure a Strictly Layered Approach Was Promoted by Dijkstra
Motivation Microkernels In a Bit More Depth Early operating systems had very little structure A strictly layered approach was promoted by Dijkstra THE Operating System [Dij68] COMP9242 2007/S2 Week 4 Later OS (more or less) followed that approach (e.g., Unix). UNSW Such systems are known as monolithic kernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 1 Microkernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 2 Microkernels Issues of Monolithic Kernels Evolution of the Linux Kernel E Advantages: Kernel has access to everything: all optimisations possible all techniques/mechanisms/concepts implementable Kernel can be extended by adding more code, e.g. for: new services support for new harwdare Problems: Widening range of services and applications OS bigger, more complex, slower, more error prone. Need to support same OS on different hardware. Like to support various OS environments. Distribution impossible to provide all services from same (local) kernel. COMP9242 07S2 W04 3 Microkernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 4 Microkernels Approaches to Tackling Complexity Evolution of the Linux Kernel Part 2 A Classical software-engineering approach: modularity Software-engineering study of Linux kernel [SJW+02]: (relatively) small, mostly self-contained components well-defined interfaces between them Looked at size and interdependencies of kernel "modules" enforcement of interfaces "common coupling": interdependency via global variables containment of faults to few modules Analysed development over time (linearised version number) Doesn't work with monolithic kernels: Result 1: -
Building Performance Measurement Tools for the MINIX 3 Operating System
Building Performance Measurement Tools for the MINIX 3 Operating System Rogier Meurs August 2006 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Measuring Performance 1 1.2 MINIX 3 2 2 STATISTICAL PROFILING 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 In Search of a Timer 3 2.2.1 i8259 Timers 3 2.2.2 CMOS Real-Time Clock 3 2.3 High-level Description 4 2.4 Work Done in User-Space 5 2.4.1 The SPROFILE System Call 5 2.5 Work Done in Kernel-Space 5 2.5.1 The SPROF Kernel Call 5 2.5.2 Profiling using the CMOS Timer Interrupt 6 2.6 Work Done at the Application Level 7 2.6.1 Control Tool: profile 7 2.6.2 Analyzing Tool: sprofalyze.pl 7 2.7 What Can and What Cannot be Profiled 8 2.8 Profiling Results 8 2.8.1 High Scoring IPC Functions 8 2.8.2 Interrupt Delay 9 2.8.3 Profiling Runs on Simulator and Other CPU Models 12 2.9 Side-effect of Using the CMOS Clock 12 3 CALL PROFILING 13 3.1 Introduction 13 3.1.1 Compiler-supported Call Profiling 13 3.1.2 Call Paths, Call and Cycle Attribution 13 3.2 High-level Description 14 3.3 Work Done in User-Space 15 3.3.1 The CPROFILE System Call 15 3.4 Work Done in Kernel-Space 16 3.4.1 The PROFBUF and CPROF Kernel Calls 16 3.5 Work Done in Libraries 17 3.5.1 Profiling Using Library Functions 17 3.5.2 The Procentry Library Function 17 3.5.3 The Procexit Library Function 20 3.5.4 The Call Path String 22 3.5.5 Testing Overhead Elimination 23 3.6 Profiling Kernel-Space/User-Space Processes 24 3.6.1 Differences in Announcing and Table Sizes 24 3.6.2 Kernel-Space Issue: Reentrancy 26 3.6.3 Kernel-Space Issue: The Call Path 26 3.7 Work Done at the Application -
Alivenf6p-VSTA
ALiveNF6P-VSTA User Manual Version 1.1 Published November 2007 Copyright©2007 ASRock INC. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright Notice: No part of this manual may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, or translated in any language, in any form or by any means, except duplication of documentation by the purchaser for backup purpose, without written consent of ASRock Inc. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be regis- tered trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe. Disclaimer: Specifications and information contained in this manual are furnished for informa- tional use only and subject to change without notice, and should not be constructed as a commitment by ASRock. ASRock assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this manual. With respect to the contents of this manual, ASRock does not provide warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warran- ties or conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall ASRock, its directors, officers, employees, or agents be liable for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages (including damages for loss of profits, loss of business, loss of data, interruption of business and the like), even if ASRock has been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any defect or error in the manual or product. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. -
Zenon Manual Programming Interfaces
zenon manual Programming interfaces v.7.11 ©2014 Ing. Punzenberger COPA-DATA GmbH All rights reserved. Distribution and/or reproduction of this document or parts thereof in any form are permitted solely with the written permission of the company COPA-DATA. The technical data contained herein has been provided solely for informational purposes and is not legally binding. Subject to change, technical or otherwise. Contents 1. Welcome to COPA-DATA help ...................................................................................................... 6 2. Programming interfaces ............................................................................................................... 6 3. Process Control Engine (PCE) ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1 The PCE Editor ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1.1 The Taskmanager ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 The editing area .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 The output window .................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 The menus of the PCE Editor ..................................................................................................... -
Operating Systems and Computer Networks
Operating Systems and Computer Networks Exercise 1: Introduction to Operating System Faculty of Engineering Operating Systems and Institute of Computer Engineering Computer Networks Exercises Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Hunger Alexander Maxeiner, M.Sc. Q1.1 – Operating System (OS) • Operating System is – a program that manages computer hardware and resources – providing Interfaces between hardware and applications – the intermediary between computer and users • Functions: – For Users: convenient usage of computer system and usage of applications – For System: Management of Computer Resources and abstraction of underlying (complex) machine Faculty of Engineering Operating Systems and Institute of Computer Engineering Computer Networks Exercises Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Hunger Alexander Maxeiner, M.Sc. Q1.1 – Operating System (OS) Computer systems •provide a capability for gathering data (i.e. data mining, to get information that lead to tailored commercials) •performing computations (modeling large system instead of building them) •storing information, (Photos, tables, etc.) •communicating with other computer systems (I.e. Internet) “The operating system defines our computing experience. It is the first software we see when we turn on the computer and the last software we see when the computer is turned off.” Faculty of Engineering Operating Systems and Institute of Computer Engineering Computer Networks Exercises Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Hunger Alexander Maxeiner, M.Sc. Q1.1 – Operating System (OS) User Application Interfaces nice Operating System Interfaces -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
Pew Washington 0250E 17054.Pdf (7.705Mb)
Testing and Advancement of a Variable Stiffness Transverse Plane Adapter for Use in a Lower Limb Prosthesis Corey Pew A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Glenn Klute, Chair Gador Canton Santosh Devasia Nate Sniadecki Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Mechanical Engineering ©Copyright 2017 Corey Pew University of Washington i Abstract Testing and Advancement of a Variable Stiffness Transverse Plane Adapter for Use in a Lower Limb Prosthesis Corey Pew Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Glenn Klute, Ph.D. Affiliate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Background The goal of a lower limb prosthesis is to restore the abilities of the intact limb for an individual with lower limb amputation. Daily ambulation includes many maneuvers such as turning, and twisting, which require a component of transverse plane mobility. It has been shown that the inclusion of a transverse plane adapter could reduce peak torsional loads on the residual limb and may alleviate soft tissue damage, increase comfort, and improve mobility level for a lower limb amputee. However, currently available transverse plane adaptors only allow for a single stiffness setting and do not allow for variation to accommodate the maneuvers of everyday ambulation. The specific aims of this research were to determine the transverse plane stiffness that minimizes the transverse plane moment applied to the residual limb of lower limb amputees during different ambulatory activities and identify a user’s preferred transverse plane stiffness during different ambulatory activities at different speeds. Three tasks were performed to achieve these aims. -
Introduction to Bioinformatics Introduction to Bioinformatics
Introduction to Bioinformatics Introduction to Bioinformatics Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN [email protected] Introduction to Perl http://www3.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Learning objectives Setting The Technological Scene • After this lecture you should be able to • One of the objectives of this course is.. – to enable students to acquire an understanding of, and understand : ability in, a programming language (Perl, Python) as the – sequence, iteration and selection; main enabler in the development of computer programs in the area of Bioinformatics. – basic building blocks of programming; – three C’s: constants, comments and conditions; • Modern computers are organised around two main – use of variable containers; components: – use of some Perl operators and its pattern-matching technology; – Hardware – Perl input/output – Software – … 3 4 Introduction to the Computing Introduction to the Computing • Computer: electronic genius? • In theory, computer can compute anything – NO! Electronic idiot! • that’s possible to compute – Does exactly what we tell it to, nothing more. – given enough memory and time • All computers, given enough time and memory, • In practice, solving problems involves are capable of computing exactly the same things. computing under constraints. Supercomputer – time Workstation • weather forecast, next frame of animation, ... PDA – cost • cell phone, automotive engine controller, ... = = – power • cell phone, handheld video game, ... 5 6 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 1 Layers of Technology Layers of Technology • Operating system... – Interacts directly with the hardware – Responsible for ensuring efficient use of hardware resources • Tools... – Softwares that take adavantage of what the operating system has to offer. – Programming languages, databases, editors, interface builders... • Applications... – Most useful category of software – Web browsers, email clients, web servers, word processors, etc.. -
Recompiling Minix
8 RECOMPILING MINIX This chapter is intended for those readers who wish to modify MINIX or its utili- ties. In the following pages we will tell what the various files do and howthe pieces are put together to form the whole. It should be emphasized that if you simply intend to use MINIX as distributed, then you do not have torecompile the system and you do not have toread this chapter.Howev er, ifyou want to makechanges to the core of the operating system itself, for example, to add a device driverfor a streamer tape, then you should read this chapter. 8.1. REBUILDING MINIX ON THE IBM PC Although this section is specifically for IBM PC users, it should also be read carefully by everyone interested in recompiling MINIX.Most of what is said here applies to all versions of MINIX.The sections about other processors mostly discuss the differences between recompiling MINIX on an IBM PC and on another system. The MINIX sources are contained in the following directories, normally all subdi- rectories of /usr/src except for include which goes in /usr/include: center allbox; l l. Directory Contents include The headers used by the SEC. 8.1 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE IBM PC 113 commands (has twosubdirectories) kernel Process, message, and I/O device handling mm The memory manager fs The file system tools Miscellaneous tools and utilities test Test programs lib Libraries (has several subdirectories) commands The utility programs (has manysubdirectories) Some of the directories contain subdirectories. If you are working on a hard disk, be sure that all these directories have been set up, and all files copied there from the dis- tribution diskettes and decompressed and dearchived. -
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO Table of Contents Linux Assembly HOWTO..................................................................................................................................1 Konstantin Boldyshev and François−René Rideau................................................................................1 1.INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 2.DO YOU NEED ASSEMBLY?...........................................................................................................1 3.ASSEMBLERS.....................................................................................................................................1 4.METAPROGRAMMING/MACROPROCESSING............................................................................2 5.CALLING CONVENTIONS................................................................................................................2 6.QUICK START....................................................................................................................................2 7.RESOURCES.......................................................................................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2 1.1 Legal Blurb........................................................................................................................................2 -
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian -
PLM Industry Summary Jillian Hayes, Editor Vol
PLM Industry Summary Jillian Hayes, Editor Vol. 14 No 49 Friday 7 December 2012 Contents CIMdata News _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Product Lifecycle Management Special Interest Report Published in The London Times December 2012 __2 Acquisitions _______________________________________________________________________ 3 Hexagon Acquires 3D City Modelling Pioneer GTA Geoinformatik GmbH__________________________3 Synopsys Completes Acquisition of SpringSoft ________________________________________________3 Company News _____________________________________________________________________ 4 Edgecam Training Event for European Resellers _______________________________________________4 FISHER/UNITECH Announces Partnership with the New Stratasys Ltd. ___________________________5 GibbsCAM Selected for Membership in Okuma Partners in THINC _______________________________5 Kelar Pacific LLC Earns Autodesk Structural Engineering Specialization ___________________________6 Knovel Selected for 2012-2013 EContent 100 _________________________________________________7 NGC Software Earns Top 10 Rankings in Retail Industry's Most Influential Guide to Software Vendors ___7 PRION Group in a New Design ____________________________________________________________8 Synergis Student Competitions Open for a Third Year __________________________________________9 Tata Consultancy Services wins ITSMA Diamond Award for Marketing Excellence _________________10 Team “BIM Unlimited” Wins Award at Build Qatar Live 2012 Using