President’s Remarks by Michael Levi

The last year might be construed as boom time for white-collar crime control scholars – always depending on what your conception of that construct is! Global banks like HSBC and JP Morgan, and hedge funds like SAC have been sanctioned with record fi nes in numerical terms (but few high level individual prosecutions as yet), raising questions about social fairness, retribution and about deterrence that can occupy later scholars about their eff ectiveness, if only we could get the data to enable us to test the behavioral realities rather than the rhetorics of penitence and ‘cultural change’ with which our screens and our shrinking newspapers are covered! One of the curious products of globalization and of the use of the dollar as a central currency of global sett lement is the primacy of competing Fed- eral and New York regulators and of the Department of Justice as global bogeyman of bribing corporations. Thus it is hard for corporations with any American presence or dollar sett lement needs to escape the purview of Big Brother, even without the apparent assistance of the NSA to help surveil corporate malpractice around the globe. However pusillanimous it may seem to my American colleagues (and generally is), it is hard for us to imagine how puny would be the response of Europeans and Australians towards their naughty corporations if the winged chariots of America were not willing to challenge business malpractice like Ben Hur in the epony- mous movie now, like me, showing its age. Action by the US Federal or State/local authorities shames other governments, who often (like the UK), ride in on its fi nancial coatt ails with modest shares in transnational sett lements. The social fact that some of these companies are ‘too big to be failed’ shows up the socio-economic blackmail (and lobbying) component of social power inequalities. Some of these cases also symbolize another important trend – the partial merger of organized crime and white-collar crime issues via the me- dium of anti-money laundering measures, which brings crime-facilitating institutions into the fi ring line, whether the crimes they are facilitating are traditionally stigmatized ones like drugs traffi cking, or white-collar ones like transnational corporate bribery and fraud, or tax evasion. Sutherland would be proud, as white-collar crime not only is organized crime but also is increasingly part of the collective folk devil ‘Organized Crime’. Text- books and articles (and ASC programming) still often treat these as mutu- ally exclusive issues. Yet a recent review of the social and economic costs of organized crime in the European Union (Levi et al., 2013) and a Home Offi ce review of the same issues in England and Wales (Mills et al., 2013) Presidential Remarks (cont.) showed fraud to be the largest component, being beaten by drugs in Britain only because the Home Offi ce includes all drug-related deaths as part of the costs of organized drugs traffi cking, whereas we took a more nuanced view, judging that such deaths (excluding gang-related homicides) were mainly an artefact of an unregulated market. However it still remains an issue how the authorities conceptualize organized crime and whether they include frauds, product cartels, and LIBOR manipulation, etcet- era therein. ‘Organized crime’ is still generally seen as the product of wholly bad, full time criminal actors. Until more than two Madoff ‘gang members’ are convicted – which is likely but has not happened yet - it does not meet the criteria for the UN Transnational Organized Crime Convention 2000; unlike any three Boyz’n The Hood. Identity thefts oc- cupy a more straddled status, with the e-additive producing a media, political and public fear factor that seems to add to the threat. One of the things that we, as social scientist criminologists, have to watch out for is the cannibalization of our subject, as researchers and thinkers about business victimization, corruption, cybercrime, environmental crimes, fraud, and money laundering hive off into separate ASC sessions and lose their intercon- nectedness. This is partly a function of the growth of the subject and of the numbers of criminologists (despite the relative inatt ention of grant agencies to the subjects other than cybercrime); but it also refl ects the growth in the amount of technical knowledge required to cope with each of these areas. This is not unique to the Americans at the NWCCC. It is also an issue in Australia and in Europe. Wim Huisman, one of our younger members (relative to your Pres and Vice-Pres), is editing the Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe with Dutch and Belgian colleagues. (How many of us could do that in a foreign language?) Obviously we will have our ideological diff erences as to what we regard as the proper objects of analysis, as well as our personal interests and what administrative, civil and criminal data we can get access to. But we need to keep alive this connected- ness. As I write this on the coincidental anniversary of Kristallnacht and of Remembrance Sunday for those who fell (or, more accurately, were felled!) in Wars in the past 100 years, I think also about the role of corporate and individual interests and socially constructed ideologies in these human tragedies. But the growth of the tax justice movement, its inter- linkages with social movements and NGOs against Grand Corruption and Transnational Organized Crime, and the fi scal crises in most countries and states which stimulate their interest in recovering proceeds of crime: combined, they are re-engineering somewhat the market for corporate secrecy globally, though how President Obama will actually translate this into action at the State level against the amoral corporate registries of such as Delaware will be interesting to behold – or not. In The Tempest, Miranda proclaims “O brave new world that has such people in it!” to which her father Prospero responds, somewhat cynically, “’Tis new to thee.” As we memorialize Gil Geis’ sad passing and his marvelously rich life and the personal and literary memories that he has left behind, let us refl ect on the bounteous analytical and empirical issues that remain for us to address.

References: Michael Levi, Martin Innes, Peter Reuter and Rajeev V. Gundur, The Economic, Financial & Social Impacts of Organised Crime in the European Union, PE 493.018 (Brussels: European Parliament, 2013).

Hannah Mills, Sara Skodbo and Peter Blyth, Understanding organised crime: Estimating the scale and the- social and economic costs, Research Report 73 (London: Home Offi ce, 2013). --2-- Member Publications Books

Regulating Fraud (Routledge Revivals): White Collar Crime and the Criminal Process by Michael Levi First published in 1987, this book discusses white-collar or com- mercial crime which has grown to be a major issue in our society today. Looking at research from North America and Britain, the book explores the way fraudsters are treated. It draws on various disciplines including Economics, Law, Politics, and Sociology in or- der to show the frequency and impact of diff erent types of fraud. In this book, Dr. Levi introduces the reader to the key areas of debate: What pressures infl uence the law on fraud? How do state agencies, self-regulatory bodies, or other professionals police fraud? To what extent are money-laundering and international organized crime breaking down the distinc- tion between policing of the underworld and the upperworld? Dr. Levi concludes with an analysis of national and international policy trends in relation to fraud.

htt p://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9780415826501/

The Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice, 2d ed., by Philip Reichel and Jay Albanese, eds. This concise, reader-friendly handbook is organized logically around four major themes: the problem of transnational crime; analysis of specifi c transnational crimes; approaches to its control; and regional geographical analyses. Each comprehensive chapter is designed to be explored as a stand-alone topic, making this handbook an important textbook and reference tool for students and practitioners alike. It contains a number of chapters of interest to the WCCRC: Traffi cking in Counterfeit Goods, Transnational Sex Crimes, The Economics of Money Laundering, Police and Prosecutorial Cooperation in Re- sponding to Transnational Crime, among many others, for 27 total chapters writt en by authors from 12 diff erent countries and the United Nations. htt p://www.sagepub.com/refb ooks/Book237674 Profi t Without Honor: White Collar Crime and the Looting of America, 6th ed, by Stephen M. Rosoff , Henry N. Pontell, and Robert Tillman Profi t Without Honor clearly exposes the batt le between personal gain and individual integrity and provides a comprehensive overview of white-collar crime in American society. Presenting a vivid picture of all types of white-collar crime, the book covers high-profi le cases, the latest trends in criminal activity, and a thorough discussion of the victims and consequences of these criminal behaviors. This edition addresses the recurrent fi nancial meltdowns in recent years and the role of fraud and corporate crime in these crises. Utilizing both academic and popular sources, the book challenges readers to grasp the importance and long-term eff ects of white-collar crime in America. htt p://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Profi t-Without-Honor-White-Collar-Crime- and-the-Looting-of-America/9780133008500.page --3-- Member Publications Articles, Conference Papers, and Reports

Journal Articles Dodge, M., Bosick, S. J., & Van Antwerp, V. (2013). Do Men and Women Perceive White- Collar and Street Crime Diff erently? Exploring Gender Diff erences in the Perception of Seri- ousness, Motives, and Punishment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 29, 399-415.

Dodge, M. (2013). The Importance of Integrating Victimology in White-Collar Crime: A Targeted Comment on Barak’s Analysis in Theft of a Nation. Western Criminology Review, (14)2.

Doig, A. & Levi, M.. (2013). A Case of Arrested Development? Delivering the UK National Fraud Strategy within Competing Policing Policy Priorities. Public Money and Manage- ment, 33(1): 1-8. ISSN: 0954-0962.

Gahzi-Tehrani, A., Chen, P., Pushkarna, N., Geis, G., & Pontell, N. (2013). White-Collar and Corporate Crime in China: A Comparative Analysis of Enforcement Capacity and Non- Issue Making. Crime, Law and Social Change 60:3, 241-260.

Gibbs, C., Cassidy, M., & Rivers, L. (2013). A Routine Activities Analysis of White-Collar Crime in Carbon Markets. Law & Policy, 35(4). htt p://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ lapo.12009/pdf

Levi, M. & Horlick-Jones, T. (2013). Interpreting the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear incident: Some questions for corporate criminology. Crime, Law and Social Change, 59 (5): 487-500. htt p://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10611-013-9432-3

Levi, M. & Williams, M. (2013). Multi-Agency Partnerships in Cybercrime Reduction: Map- ping the UK Information Assurance Network Cooperation Space. Information Management and Computer Security, 21(5) - earlycite. ISSN: 0968-5227.

Pontell, H., Fang, Q., & Geis, G. (2013). Economic Crime and Casinos: China’s Wager on Macau. Asian Journal of Criminology (in press). Revised and reprinted in Chinese (Cheng- fang Wang, translator) as “Casinos and Crime: China’s Expectations and Risks in Macau.” Boletim De Estudos De Macau (Journal of Macau Studies) 2013 (1):118-126.

Pontell, H., Black, W., & Geis, G. (2013). Too Big to Fail, Too Powerful to Jail? On the Ab- sence of Criminal Prosecutions After the 2008 Financial Meltdown. Crime, Law and Social Change (in press).

Schuchter, A. & Levi, M. (2013). The Fraud Triangle Revisited. Security Journal, htt p:// www.palgrave-journals.com/sj/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/sj20131a.pdf

Simpson, S. (2013). White-Collar Crime: A Review of Recent Developments and Promising Directions for Future Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 309-331.

--4-- Member Publications Articles, Conference Papers, and Reports

Journal Articles (cont.) Simpson, S., Gibbs, C., Slocum, L., Rorie, M., Cohen, M. & Vandenbergh, M. (2013). An Em- pirical Assessment of Corporate Environmental Crime Strategies. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 103(1), pp. 231-278.

Stadler, W., Benson, M., & Cullen, F. (2013). Revisiting the Special Sensitivity Hypothesis: The Prison Experience of White-Collar Inmates. Justice Quarterly, 30(6), 1090-1114.

Sullivan, B. & Chermak, S. (2013). Product counterfeiting and the media: Examining news sources used in the construction of product counterfeiting as a social problem. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 37(4), 295-316.

Articles in Books Dodge, M., & Geis, G. (2013). Global White-Collar Crime. Routledge Handbook of Interna- tional Crime and Justice Studies. Bruce Arrigo & Heather Y. Bersot (eds.). New York: Routledge.

Dodge, M. (2013). Women and White-Collar Crime. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. G. Bruinsma & David Weisburd, D.(eds.) New York: Springer-Verlag.

Ghazi-Tehrani, A., Burton, B., & Pontell, H. (forthcoming). “Forgery.” In David Levinson (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. London: Sage Publications Ltd. (forthcom- ing).

Friedrichs, D. & Rothe, D. (2013). “Crimes of Globalization as a Criminological Project: The Case of International Financial Institutions,” Pp. 45-63, in Francis Pakes, Editor, Globalisa- tion and the Challenge to Criminlogy. Routledge.

Friedrichs, D. & Cheng, H. (2014). “White-collar and Corporate Crime in China,” Pp. 238- 250, in Liqun Cao, Ivan Y. Sun and Bill Hebenton, Editors,The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Criminology. Routledge. 2014.

Levi, M. (2013). ‘The cost of fraud’, in B. Unger and D. van der Linde (eds.) Research Hand- book on Money Laundering, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Pp. 68-77. ISBN 978 0 85793 399 7.

Levi, M. (2013). ‘Compliance and integrity – Strategien fur konformes Verhalten in Unterne- hmen‘, Schuchter, A. and Levi, M., in A. Kuhn, P. Margot, M. Aebi, C. Schwarzenegger, D. Jositsch, and A. Donatsch (eds.), Kriminologie, Kriminalpolitik und Strafrecht aus interna- tionaler Perspektive, Bern: Stampfl i Verlag, pp. 411-424. ISBN: 978-3-7272-2967-1.

Levi, M. (2013). ‘Financial crimes and the global fi nancial crisis’, in P van Duyne, J. Harvey, G. Antonopoulos, K. von Lampe, A. Maljevic and J. Spencer (eds.), Human Dimensions in organised crime, money laundering and corruption, Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers, pp.201-228. ISBN: 9789058-509833.

--5-- Member Publications Articles, Conference Papers, and Reports

Pontell, H. (forthcoming). “Trivializing White-Collar Crime: Theory, Defi nition and Praxis.” In Michael Benson, Francis Cullen and Shanna Van Slyke (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of White-Collar Crime. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Published Reports (2013). The Economic, Financial & Social Impacts of Organised Crime in the EU, Levi, M., Innes, M., Reuter, P. and Gundur, R., CRIM Committ ee, European Parliament, htt p://www. europarl.europa.eu/committ ees/en/crim/studies.html#.

Levi, M. & Hyde, S. (2013). ‘Relevance of measuring crime against the private sector for designing public policies to prevent and fi ght the phenomenon: some best practices’, in Measuring and analyzing crime against the private sector: international experiences and the Mexican practice / Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía; ed. Giulia Mugellini.-- México : INEGI, pp. 197-240. ISBN 978-607-494-714-4.

Other Publications Geis, G. & Pontell, H. (2012). “Corporate Codes of Conduct in the United States.” Compli- ance & Ethics Professional: May/June (2012):54-65.

Levi, M. (2013). Review Symposium of ‘Who are the Criminals?’, Contemporary Sociology, 42(5), 683-686.

Pontell, H. (2013). Commentary. Symposium on Theft of a Nation: Wall Street Looting and Federal Regulatory Colluding by Gregg Barack, and Who are the Criminals?: The Politics of Crime Policy from the Age of Roosevelt to the Age of Reagan, by John Hagan. Contempo- rary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 42 (September, 2013) pp.671-673.

Pontell, H. (2013). “’The Only Reason We Are Here Today is Because of Gil Geis.’” Fraud Magazine (March/April 2013) pp. 26-27.

--6-- Member News

The Center for the Study of Business Ethics, Regulation, and Crime (C-BERC) Set to Launch Announcing the creation of a new Interdisciplinary Center at the University of Maryland: The Center for the Study of Business Ethics, Regulation, and Crime (C- BERC). C-BERC is sponsored by the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences and the Robert H. Smith School of Business. Directed by Sally S. Simpson (Criminology and Criminal Justice) and Stephen Loeb, Leigh Anenson, Gideon Mark, and James Staihar (Associate Directors, Robert H. Smith School of Business), the Center kickoff is scheduled for November 8, 2013 with Guest Speaker, Professor John C. Coff ee Jr., Adolf A. Berle Professor of Law, Colum- bia Law School will discuss: “Missing in Action?” What Explains SEC Passivity?”.

Michigan State University’s Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection Program Now a Formal MSU Center In 2009, Michigan State University launched the Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protec- tion Program, an interdisciplinary research and education hub for the development and dissemination of evidence-based anti-counterfeit knowledge and strategy for law enforce- ment, industry, policymakers and the scientifi c fi eld. After four years of steady growth, the program has just offi cially transitioned into an independent university center and is recruiting for faculty, students and research partners. If you’re interested in learning more, you can visit the Center’s website, htt p://a-capp.msu.edu/, or contact the Center’s Director, Dr. Jeremy Wilson, at [email protected].

Dr. David Friedrichs, Visiting Professor at Stockholm University David Friedrichs, University of Scranton, was Visiting Professor at Stockholm University, May 20-June 5, 2013, where he taught a mini- course on Occupy the Political Economy to doctoral and post-doctoral students, was the principal external examiner for Nubia Evertsson’s dissertation (“Legal Bribes”) defense, and gave a public lecture, “Wall Street: Crime Never Sleeps.” A version of this lecture was also present- ed to 200 Finnish Economic Crime Investigators on their Annual Educational Cruise on the S.S. Mariella, June 6, en route to Helsinki, and at the University of Iceland in Reykjavik June 18th. He also met with various criminologists and criminal justice practitioners in Stockholm, Oslo, Helsinki, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, and Reykjavik.

Jay Kennedy Named Dean’s Fellow Jay Kennedy was named one of six University of Cincinnati Graduate School Dean’s Fellows for the 2013/2014 academic year. The fellowship provides a stipend and a full tuition scholarship allowing doctoral candidates to devote the academic year to the com- pletion of their dissertations. His dissertation is titled “A View from the Top: Managers’ Perspectives on the Problem of Employee Theft within Small Businesses.” It is a mixed- method study of employee theft from the perspective of the owners and managers of small businesses, and it is jointly sponsored by the Center for Criminal Justice Research at the School of Criminal Justice, and the Goering Center for Family and Private Busi- ness at the Carl H. Lindner College of Business, University of Cincinnati.

--7-- Member News Grants Awarded White-Collar and Corporate Frauds: Understanding and Measuring Public Policy Prefer- ences . Sally S. Simpson, Mark Cohen, and Thomas Loughran, Co-PIs. National Institute of Justice. $376,023. 2014-2016 (24 months)

New Members Dr. Jacqueline Drew, Griffi th University (Australia) Ann Capela, Wayne State University (Detroit, MI) Hollis Kegg, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (New York, NY)

Events

ASC Panel Expanding the Horizons of Criminology: the Intellectual Contributions of Gil Geis For those att ending the ASC meetings in November, there will be a special session dedi- cated to the contributions to criminology of former ASC President and UCI Emeritus Professor Gil Geis, on Wednesday Nov. 20th at 3:30- 4:50pm in Marquis Ballroom B, Marquis Level, followed by a reception from 5:00-6:20pm in Marquis Ballroom A, Mar- quis Level. The panel will feature presentations by ASC President Robert Agnew, and Professors John Braithwaite, Henry Pontell, Sally Simpson, Robert Meier, Mary Dodge (UCI Ph.D.), and Richard Wright (UCI B.A.). The event will also provide an opportunity to meet Gil’s family members as well as his colleagues from around the world.

Please make a note to join us at this special event honoring our former colleague who was a giant in the study of white-collar and corporate crime and a major reason for its further development as an important area of research in criminology.

WCCRC Meeting at ASC We are preparing for the upcoming WCCRC meeting to be held in conjunction with the 2013 American Society of Criminology meeting in Atlanta, GA. The meeting will be held Friday November 22nd from 12:30 pm – 1:50pm, at the Atlanta Marriott Marquis, in the International C room. The meeting will be listed as National White Collar Crime Research Center Meeting. We will be handing out our annual awards. Hope to see you there!

--8-- Calendar American Society of Criminology Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Annual Meeting Annual Meeting Atlanta, GA Philadelphia, PA Atlanta Marriott Marquis Marriott Philadelphia Downtown November 20-23, 2013 February 18-22, 2014 htt p://www.asc41.com/ htt p://www.acjs.org

Contact Us

Gerald Cliff Research Director gcliff @nw3c.org Christian Desilets Research Att orney [email protected] Elizabeth Walling Research Associate [email protected] April Wall-Parker Curriculum Development [email protected]

5000 NASA Boulevard, Suite 2400, Fairmont, WV 26554 Phone: (877) 628-7674 toll free

Editor’s Note The Focus is a publication of the White Collar Crime Research Consortium (WCCRC). It welcomes articles and announcements concerning white collar crime research or related scholarly work. NW3C sponsors, funds, and coordinates the activities of the WCCRC. Please direct comments, suggestions, and materials concerning the newslett er to April Wall-Parker ([email protected]).

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