Property,

Officers

Statistics main, General inquiries, reproduced. census, contained library 77

libraries versity, The

. [The

±

Total Mortgages Value If Value Value Other How Gifts Is Salary Cash Was Date To Are To Number Has Name If In Has Is In Is If How Population. When Full Name County;

is in room? medical, particular benefits character

the

the it

connected it not special it

whom

what

what whom?

to

and inquiries

also Total HISTORY From

reports it

inquiries:

he a

it

1880? a

has the name

of from funds, many

endowments,

or value of

with

which incumbrances. same

of in university, of of library and

chosen? public endowed, of college,

paid established? accessible written

other

last management:

Other Endowments.

by libraries

way of called extent a the

state. library books buildings enaowments.

place.

IS

The of schedule

If public

on

on public :::;,ddress board

of

church, the

assistants:

of buildings whom per

as made

What its of

and

one

Total.

class?

so,

mortgages,

schedule sent,

relating

with

library

is

duties, certain

same.

library.

endowed?

supplemental called gifts. property.

or

the

ownership

school, exception

the

and year. for

is

AND how

made. property

any

from to

sources:

of

other

and printed?

periodically?

college,

the and

was a

established?

of

connection, and used and

SPECIAL

management Sunday

the a

managers, other college,

or

in

many? for

deliveries, to

does conditions,

librarian.

separate private library

for" Male; what

,,;rhere

the GROWTH

is gifts: club,

grounds. public. the

than

at "Libraries" debts,

by

of his

If other high

vested? contents

it

CENSUS the

total

sense Social

school,

the

sources SCHEDULE certain

school,

inquiry,

so,

own?

female.

whole

private, the

under What sources society, LIBRARIES.

census

what and

and

school, return

special than

state

agencies,

circulation

of

that inquiries or

Statistics."

OF

of

other or

date

of are this Uses number time society,

public

is

are

at above.

in

source, since

of including

OF

library.

special all

those

common for professional,

I.-LIBRARIES.

it schedule.

THE its

the

1880

library

the when

its

given

of

who incumbrances.

chiefly

or

1880.

each revenues are

supervision? 1870:

same. through title relating

or censuses

of

form

branches

called amount,

library?

UNITED choose

tabular

it

volumes

to

other

school,

provided

library

city,

]

and began.

or

the

of

for

derived?

circulating,

to wholly

a may

each duties, town, institution, of

library?

and

in

a outside

the

postal State society,

was

to

1850, .

separate

STATES

form

for?

avail

annual

of

which

year

village, .

in

for

and

which.

the

1860,

card, they

each the

themselves law,

the 1870,

how give and

above return

income.

sent,

main OENSUS.

have

itit uni­ district,

and

at

of

benefit

theological,

are,

the

and

the all

the

in and for 1870

been

library

name,

in

above

when

other

IS80?

of same

each

of

the the

are

its

so

a

ReceIpts Property,

HISTORY

Expenditures,

Receipts,

Increase

Gifts

Total Sundries Pamphlet Paper Postage. Printing Total Blanks Extra Cataloguing. Administration. Total Fuel, Rent. Insurance Furniture Total Insurance Repairs Binding Periodicals. Books. Pamphlets.

Miscel~aneous Membership Sale Sale Payments Fines. From

Gifts. M~icipal

From

and

from

and

lIbrary

endowments,

total

total

Total

Total

of Endowments. of Other

of in

expenditures: of lights,

of

of covers.

service. 1880:

income ll1clude

private and

public

catalogues. books AND

supply

value and

salary building

book

catalogues. of

of (specify (and

Total.

expenditures.

cases

and by

receipts.

(on (on

1880:

for

increase

appropriation value

stationery. gifts.

additions and

law) fees.

book

account.

of

(condemned

building). and books). losses of fixtures. GROWTH receipts under

sources:

account.

account.

and

and

any invested property water

account.

of

.

private

repairs).

binders. in gifts

of

gifts-Continued.

thIS

large

value

to

(specify

tax. or

since

buildings.

head (including

funds. injuries

by

sources

OF

items).

or

of

means

duplicates).

1870.

THE library

only

any

to

since

large

small

other dog

books.

UNITED

property

1870-Continued.

taxes, items

items

than

not

or above

since

STATES of

other sundries).

included

1870.

since

income

CENSUS.

1870.

in

above

allowed.

table,

775

the 776 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 777 Classification or analysis of growth, size, and use for 1880: Summary of growth in 1880 and present condition-Continued. Unbound pamphlets: I Volumes issued during Increase purchase 1880. Total num- year. by in Volumes bel' of vol- 1-----;----­ Increase by gift in 1880. a~deddur- umes in Delivered Delivered Number as per report of 1879. lllg year. library. for library for home Total number in the library. use. use. Periodicals: Number of newspapers subscribed for in 1880. Literature: Poetry and drama . Number of newspapers given in 1880. Prose-fiction : . Number of magazines subscribed for in 1880. Essays, oratory, letters, satire, humor, and mis- Number of magazines given in 1880. cellaneous . Lite~ary]?eriod;icals . Number of periodicals, as per report of 1879. ForeIgn hght hterature _. Total number of volumes of periodicals now in the library. Juveniles __ . Grand total of books, pamphlets, and periodicals. History: Geography, description, and travels . Catalogues and arrangement: Date of last printed catalogue. ~A~f~:§~;oiitic~l)·:: :: ::::::::: :::: ::: :::: ::: :: ::: Number printed. Arts and sciences: . Fine arts amusements, architecture, draWlllg Provisions as to distribution and price. and design, engraving, landscape gardening, Is there a card catalogue of authors? of subjects? music, painting, photography, and sculpture ... What are the special features of the catalogue, or method of indexing? Industrial arts agriculture, commerce, commu­ nication and'transportation, cJ:emi\lal technol­ Is there a catalogue of books added since the publication of theregular catalogue? ogy, domestic economy, e~gllleerlllg,?la;nu­ Are the books classed On the shelves by subjects? factures, medicine, mechamc trades (bmldlllg, What scheme is used for this classification? etc.) _ . Natural sciences (astronomy, botany; biology, Is the location of books movable or fixed? chemistry, geology, mathematics,paleontol- Are the various sizes kept distinct on the shelves, or are all books put in regular ogy, zoology, etc.) '" _ . order regardless of size? Philology . Philosophy, ethics, theology, and re!lglOn . Access and use: Sociology (politics, law, and educatlOn) . , On what terms are its benefits extended? If without charge- To men. To women. Has this library a special department devoted to periodical literature? To minors. Is there a reading room. in this department? If upon payment of fees- Are periodicals loaned before being bound? Amount of life membership fee. Periodicals taken: Amount of annual membership fee. I Amount of quarterly membership fee. Useful arts (medi- Amount of monthly membership fee. cine, ~ngi- Amount of weekly membership fee. neenng, Gener- Philoso- Sociology agricul- Fine Geogra- Amount of fee for single books drawn; and conditions. al and phy, (politics, Philology ture, com- arts, phy, Amount of fee for special privileges; and conditions. miscel- ethics, law, and and merce, music, Litera- travels, Total. Note any special conditions regulating any of these privileges. lane- theology, educa- natural manufac- and ture. biogra- Particulars as to fines: ous. and tion). sciences. tures, amuse- phy, religion. trades, ments. hIstory. Amount per day. building, I Total annual receipts from same. and tech- Are they rigorously collected? nology). Are notices or messengers sent to delinquents? ------Circulation in 1880: Quarterlies ...... Bimonthlies ..... Number of volumes delivered for home use. Monthlies ...... Number of volumes delivered for reference use. Weeklies ...... Average number of volumes delivered for daily use, at home; for reference. Semiweeklies.... Largest number of volumes delivered for daily use (with date). Daili"' ...... 1 Smallest number of volumes delivered for daily use (with date). Total ...... Number of books lost and not paid for. I I Number of books WOTl1 out and withdrawn. Summary of growth in 1830 and present condition: Number of notices to delinquents. Books: Number of volumes covered. Increase by purchase (in volumes) . Number of volumes bound. Increase by gifts (in volumes). Number of names of patrons registered during the year. Total number of names of patrons registered to date. Increase by binding pamphlets (in volumes) . Consultation: Increase by binding periodicals (in vo~umes). Are there desks for. private use? Number of missing volumes restored Sl11celast report. Are there reading rooms? Total of volumes added during year 1880. . Number of volumes in the library, as per report of 18~9,countmgpamphlets Are there helps and hints (other than catalogue and indexes reported above) for only when in binders, cases, or bound, and countmg books as volumes use of readers? only when separately bound. Library hours: Morning; afternoon; evening. Whole number of volumes, as per report of 1879, including subsequent Is the library open on Sunday? additions. If so, what hours, and on what conditions? Deduct number of volumes missing or withdravvn since last report. Is it closed 011 any other days? Total number or volumes 110,V in tlle library. How many days was it open to the public in 1880? 778 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 779

Character of books most demand, and classes by whom drawn: Gifts since 1870. in Total receipts 1880. Bvwhat Total expenditures 1880. Whole num- Percentage of class'es chiefiy Remarks. _ (NoTE.-See table on page 776 for books classified b~hfsf~~~;~nOfbcl~~:f::;:~sdrawn-men, Report made by under the following heads:) the library. library. w~i~~s~r - P. O. address.

Literature ,- --.. -.. _,. History __ - -.. ",.-".- .. Arts and sciences _.. --. -_. -__.. _ .. REAL ESTATE MORTGA.GES. [Slips used by abstracters in the offices of recorders, for recording mortgages made Names of authors and works in greatest demand. for the ten years 1880 to 1889, including all instruments having the real if not the Number and occupation of those who make use of this library: legal nature of mortgages. ] CENSUS OF 1890. Male. Female. I Total. -~------I--- RECORDED INDEBTEDNESS-SERIES 1. Clergymen --.. -.. -.. -.. --.------.----.--: .. ----.. 1. Year-188 . 2. County (or city) of ._ ~~;J~f:ns':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_:::::::::::::::: 3. State of _ Teacbers , _. -"'- _- -""- _-___.. -- .. - Students ".. -_.. _.. -_. ----_, .. --_ --- . 4. Private corporation-mortgagor. :Mechanics.. , _- _. _.. _. -_. --- _ ,. _-___. 5. Private corporation-mortgagee. Farmers .,.- ,.' _, .. _.. -_ _._ _. _ -- _-_. Merchants and clerks -- _- -- -. 6. Acres. Laborers and servants -- -_-__.. 7. Lots. 8. Amount. 9, cent. g~~I~s~lH:.~~.~~.~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1 Rate-per -~------~.. _.-----"------'----- 10. Date of satisfaction-year; number of month; day. 11. Date of mortgage-year; number of month; day. Number of stock or shareholders, if a society or corporation. 12. Life of mortgage. Number of life members, if an association. 13. Product of life and amount. Number of annual subscribers in 1880. Remarks. Number of different weekly or monthly subscrib~rsin 18?0. . RECORDED INDEBTEDNESS-SERIES 2. Number of different persons other than above usmg. th~lIbra~yill 1880. Whole number of persons who have made use of thIS lIbrary In 1880. . 1. Year-18 . __ Please send a copy of catalogue and repor~last.publisp.ed iI~franked eny-elope lllcl.osed. 2. County of . N. B.-In order to insure reports from lIbrarIes WhICh mIght other:WI~ebe omItted, 3. State of _ the librarian makina' the above report will confer a favor by fL~rl1lshll1g,below, the 4. Private corporation-mortgagor. names of public libr~riesand librarians in his immediate vicimty. 5. Private corporation-mortgagee. 6. Acres. Name and address of 7. Lots. Library. librarian. 8. Amount. 9. Rate-per cent. (a) (a) Mortgagor-name; address. Mortgagee-name; address. a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. Remarks. [Supplemental card inquiry.] To the person to whom the envelope containing this sl'ip is addressed.- Under the act of Congress of March 1, 1889~commanding the collection of statistics Name of library. . To which of the following classes does it belong? Pr?feSSlOnal school; college; pub- of the ,recorded indebtedness of private corporations and individuals, it has been lic school; priva;te school; Sunday school; town; CIty; other than classes named. a~certalledfrom the re~ordsthat the mortgage described on the other side of this slIp has been made and ISuncanceled of record. You are earnestly requested to write In what year was It founded? rep~iesafte:r: the questions printed .below a~dto 11?-ailthis sJip in the inclosed envelope~ Number bound volumes in 1880; 1870. WhICh reqUIres no postage. The mformatlOn WIll be kept secret, as the law -directs. Number unbound volumes in 1880; 1870. Total number volumes in 1880; 1870. Was this mortgage fully paid January 1, 1890? Total value of books in 1880; 1870. If not f?-lly paid, how much was due upon the principal January 1, 1890? Total value of real estate in 1880; 1870. Was thIs mortgage made to secu.re part of purchase money, to make improvements, Total value of all property in 1880; 1870. or for ~h.atother purpose; or, If made to renew a previous mortgage, what was the Is use free or upon payment of fees? debt ongmally created for? Number books circulated in 1880. Class of books most in demand. RECORDED INDEBTEDNESS-PARTIAL PAYMENT SLIP. Proportion of books in library as follows: Literature, number of volumes. Loan made upon real estate situated in- History, number of volumes. 1. County. Arts and sciences, number of volumes. 2. State. Periodicals, total number taken. 3. Year in which the loan was made, 188 Value of endowments in 1880; 1870. 4. Amount of original loan. 780 HISTORY .AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED ST.ATES OENSUS. HIS'.rORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 781

5. Amount due upon t}:1eprincipal January 1, 1890. In i!1quiry counties, which will probably also be equated life counties, use the slips 6. Amount of the partIal payment. of senes 1 for all canceled mortgages, but enter dates of satisfaction and mortgage Remarks. only for tl~ecancel.ed mortgages of 1880-1883 if a county is named for equated life. INSTRUCTIONS. Use the sl~psof senes 2 for all uncanceled mortgages of 1880-1889, and for as many years pre:vIO~lsto 1880 as shall be determined upon by the Superintendent of Census. Include ~nlythe mortgages dated V\:'ithin the six years ending with December 31, In begmmng the work of abstracting, start with the last recorded mortgages of 1889, cov~nngall mortgages upon whIch no partial payments have been made. 1889 and proceed backward to the beginning of the period covered by the work. Do not mclude mortgages that have been paid in full. L<;>okout for mortgages dated within ten years previous to January 1, 1890, but The year when each mortgage was made, and· not the month and day, is to be receIved on or after that day, and make abstracts for all such mortgages. written down. . In abstracting, the following rules should be observed: Write the ordinary abbreviations of the states. In the New England ~ounti~swherethe!e is no town registration, but where there Enter only one mortgage on a slip, and write with a lead pencil. are more tI:an one regIstry of. dee.ds, as 111 Essex County, Massachusetts, registries Make no entry on line of "Amount of partial payment." must be deSIgnated upon t~eslIps m e~chcounty as directed by the Superintendent of Census before the work m them begms. In Connecticut, Rhode Island and Ver­ RECORDED INDEBTEDNESS-RELEASE SCHEDULE. mont the names of towns should be vVTitten in the space where the name of a county is, but, if possible, not so as to cover the county name. If an abstracter needs more NOTE.-To be used for memorandum of releases in counties where such memoran­ slips than have been sent to him for any county, he is to use slips upon which the dum is required by special instructions, and in other counties where the life of mort­ county name has not been printed, and is to write the name in the place provided gages may be easily taken by making a few memorandums. for it. Released mortgages-.-book; page. The last figure of the year should be written on slips of series 1 and the last two Remarks. figures on the slips of series 2. ' Releases-book; page; year; number of month' day. In the matter of dates be governed by the date of acknowledgment and not by ,What'part of the mortgage estate is released. ' the date of filing for record. ' Use the following classification of private corporations: Savings banks to be indi­ INSTRUCTIONSCONCERNINGTHE SLIPS ANDTHE WORK IN THE OFFICESOF RECORDERS. cated by '.'S B;" insurance c~)In'panies,to b~indicated by "Ins;" co-oper~tivebanks and bmldmg and l~anaSSOCIatIOns,to be mdicated by "B L A;" national banks [Extract from circular relating to duties and responsibilities of abstracters and state banks (notsavmgs banks nor other banks included in other classifications) and instructions to be observed in their work.] , 10aI~and trus~co.mpanies, to be indicated by "Bk;" mortgage guamnty and loan ~om­ pallles, to be md!cated by "~ C;" all o.ther private corporations, including trading When beginning work in a recorder's office, one of the first things to be learned is and manufacturmg corporatIOns, to be mdlcated by "0." Do not write down the to what extent mortgages were recorded in books by themselves and were arranged names of corporations, but write down the class designation as indicated in this para­ in the books in the consecutive order of reception for the ten years, 1880-1889, and graph. (See paragraphs 27 and 28.) for such further length oftime as the work calls for in inquiry counties. In the case The term" private corporations," as used in the census act does not include cor­ of confused records, it may be desirable to begin with the last books containing mort­ porations having di~tinctivelypublic functions, such as railrdad, express, telegraph, gage records, and, proceeding backward in time in the reverse order of the number­ telephon~,stree~r~n1road,gas, water, .and electric-light companies, cemetery and ing of the books, to make memorandum of every book containing mortgage rbcords coun~yfall' assoClatI<;m~,church ~o~pora~IOns,etc. Mortgages of private corporations, for the period to be covered by the work; said memorandum to show the number of tha;t IS, of. ~anks,bUlI~lllgaSSOCIatI~)llS,lllsurance or loan companies, or of manufac­ the book, the date of the mortgage first recorded in it, and the date of the mortgage turmg, mmlllg, or busmess corporatIOns of every kind, etc., are to be listed' mortgages last recorded. of public corporations are not to be listed. ' Look out for mortgage records mixed in with records of deeds and of miscellaneous The abstmcter s~~u1c1determiI~e,by inquiring of the recorder or someone in his instruments. office! or by probabIlity, whether m doubtful cases a mortgagor or mortgagee is a cor­ Do not fail to take account of mortgages passing under the names of trust deeds (as poratIOn or a partnership. IIi judging of probability, the kind of business done by in Virgini.a, West yirgjp-ia, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and Indiana); of leasehold mort­ the morts-agor or mortgagee may give a clew; if the business is large and employs a gages (as m the 011regIOns of New York and Pennsylvania); of deeds containing a large capItal, it is probably managed by a corporation, and vice versa. . .. Corp.-Mort§lagor," on slip, write designations of classifica­ ven~or'slien cla~seto secure a portion of the purchase money (as in Alabama and Under" Priv the the IS IndIana); of the mstrument known as a ~ondfor a deed, where the custom prevails tIOn when a prIvate corporatIOn the mortgagor. ·When the mortgagor is not a private corporation, put down a dash, thus of s~cun.ngpayments of purcJ;tase money m tI:at way; of so-called agreements (as in -. Califorma), and of all other mstruments havmg the real if not the legal nature of Under" Priv. Corp.-Mortgagee" make entries in accordance with the rules that mortgages. apply to "Priv. Oorp.-Mortgagor." In the counties that are not equq;ted life or inquiry counties (see paragraph 12 of In the place for acres write down the number of acres if it may be readily found and make no entry in the place for , the "Instructions to Assistant Special Agents" (a) use the slips of series 1 for all lots.' mortgages dated in 1880-1889, whether canceled or not. For these counties do not If the number of acres can not be readily found, but it is reasonably certain that enter date of satisfaction and date of mortgage. acres are mortgaged, write" Yes," and make no entry in the place for lots. In equated life counties that are not inquiry counties, use the slips of series 1, omit­ If the mortgage is second or subsequent mortgage upon acres, put down pamllels ting to enter date of satisfaction and date of mortgage for all except the canceled thus (=), and make no entry in the place for lots. ' mortgages of 1880-1883. If it is not determined whether the mortgage covers aCTes01" lots, put down a cross in the place for acres and another cross in the place for lots, thus (X). If t~e.J.J.?0rtgage covers both acres and lots, tTeat it as an incumbrance upon the a Instr~ctionsto Assistant Special Agents, paragraph 12. Certain counties will be aCTes,If It IS probable that the acres are more valuable than the lots, and vice versa' selected m each state for the purpose of making special inquiries in them: (1) As to a decision must be made one way or the other. ' the amounts remai~1ingunpaid on mortgages still in force, and (2) as to the motives In the place for lots write down the number of lots, if it may be readily found or pu::poses f~rwhIch the mortgages were made. These are designated "inquiry" and make no entry in the place for acres. . , co.untles, and m them t~enames of all mortgagors and mortgagees of mortgages in force If the number of lots can not be readily found, but it is reasonably certain that WIll be taken on the slIps' of series 2, with a view to addressing the proposed inquiries lots are mortgaged, write down the figure "1 " and make no entry in the place for to the parties themselves. In all counties in which the character of the records per­ acres. ' mits, the date of cancellation will be taken of all mortgages canceled during the four If the mortgage is second or subsequent mortgage on lots, put down parallels and years 1880-1883, as provided for on slips of series 1, for the purpose of determining make no entry in the place for acres. the actual life of mortgages; and such counties are designated" equated1ife" counties. 7g2 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 783

""iVhether a mortgage covers acres or lots will often be a matter only of probability where the dates of cancellation may be, got without having recourse to the index and the abstracter wi~lneed to exercise a liberal but trained judgment in deciding: volumes or to other than the mortgage records, and not generally in any other He should rarely find It necessary to make an entry of the cross (X) upon the slip counties. under acres and lots if there is any description of the real estate, or if the description ·Where marginal references are found, and where books other than the one in which is such, as under the government survey, that the number of acres is apparent; but a canceled mortgage is recorded must be referred to in order to find the date of can­ if the description is obscure, state in "Remarks" any reference that may be reached cellation, the abstracter should not necessarily hunt up said date for each of said as to the probable extent of the tract. mortgages before proceeding to make his abstracts for another mortgage, but may If the amount secured by the mortgage is not mentioned, put down a cross (X) in find it advisable to make brief notes of the books and pages where said dates may be the place for amount. found and look up references for twenty-five or fifty mortgages at a time, unless he is In looking for the amount of debt secured by a mortgage the abstracter should be working so near the volumes referred to that he may readily turn to them. In some careful not to accept the statement of consideration in the beginning of the instru­ counties, however, the references may not indicate whether it is a cancellation or ment, but he should obtain the fact from the part of the mortgage stating the con­ not, and in these cases the abstracter must be governed by circumstances. He should dition. work as near the record volumes of the office as public convenience and the courtesy In taking the amount for which the mortgage is given use even dollars only. If of the recorder allow. the cents in any case are less than fifty, drop them; if :fifty or more, add one to the Oancellations made since December 31, 1889, are not to be abstracted, and the number of dollars. IDortgages that they cancel are to be considered as uncanceled. If the rate of interest is not mentioned, put down a cross (X) in the place for rate. Abstracters should be on the lookout for marginal references to cancellations in Give the rate of interest which the loan bears before maturity, if that is made to the form of quitclaim deeds from mortgagee (or heirs or assigns) to mortgagor (or appear, and avoid taking the rate which the note is to bear after due. owner of the land) operating as a release; of quitclaim deeds from mortgagor to mort­ The place for remarks on the slips is not intended for frequent use. Facts that gagee operating as a foreclosure; of releases, so called; of foreclosures by entry; of qualify or add to the entries upon the remainder of the slip should be noted, and foreclosures by power of sale, and of foreclosures by decree of court. The dates of generally no other facts, unless they add important information. all such cancellations should be accepted. Oourt records are not to be searched. On the slips of series 1 enter the date of satisfaction and the date of the mortgage In equated life counties, where the recorder has not made note upon the margin on the lines where indicated when called for by paragraphs 17,18, and 19. The entry of the record to call attention to instruments of cancellation recorded in other books, of "1882, 7,21," in the spaces of the line of dat:e of mortgage, would mean that the it may be found that the records of these instruments of cancellation are grouped in mortgage was made July 21, 1882. No entries should be made on the line of "Life volumes by themselves, or nearly so. If such should be the case, there may be some of mortgage" nor on the line of "Product of ·life and amount." way to take the dates of cancellation without turning to general index volumes, and On t~e~lipsof series 2 enter the names and addresses of mortgagor and mortgagee, without consuming any great fl:mount of time. where mdicated. Inquiry counties will be decided upon before the work in them begins. A nlOrtgage debt that covers real estate, situated outside as well as inside of the In the use of the slips of series 2, in inquiry counties, a clerk wm be provided to district in which it-is recorded, and the number of acres or lots in such case, should make a copy of the abstract of every uncanceled mortgage. Send one of the dupli­ be apportioned by the abstracter as best he .may between the registry districts, and cates to the mortgagor, and upon receiving it back examine it to see that the replies he should make abstracts only for the portIOn that he regards as belonging to his to the questions are full and intelligible; if they are so found, forward the returned district. slip to the Superintendent of Oensus the next evening. Keep all duplicates not sent Abstracters should find out before doing any abstractinO' in any county whether out for inquiry until it is learned from the Superintendent of Oensus that the llUm­ it was organized within the ten-year period of 1880-1889; if so, the abstracter work­ ber of slips received at the census office agrees with the number called for by the ing in the county having the records of mortgages made upon land in the new county report of the assistant special agent, or until he is directed to return the county before the division should give those mortgages to the new county upon the retained duplicates to the census office. All copies of abstracts should be compared slips, and to this end he should make a list of the towns which before the division with their originals in the same way that proofs are corrected by proof reader and were in the area now constituting the new county. copyholder. Mortgages that do not represent debt should be omitted from the abstracts. Such When the slips that are sent to mortgagors or to mortgagees are received back mortgages are those made to secure sureties on a bail bond or on an executor's bond with satisfactory replies, the abstracter or clerk will write the letter "R" with or on an officer's bond; but mortgages made to secure future debts are wanted, also blue pencil upon the retained duplicate. mortgages given by the maker of a promissory note to his surety and mortgages If a slip sent to a mortgagor is not returned within a few days, the abstracter or made to secure the life eupport or annuity of a mortgagee. clerk will make two pencil copies of it, and send one of them to the mortgagee and When it is found that mortgages are recorded in the same volume with other the other, with the circular letter provided therefor, to the mortgagor again. instruments, reference may be made to the index volumes for book and page of In the case of a mortgage having two or more mortgagors, the nameS and addresses mortgage entry if it is found to expedite the work. of two of them should be written and the slip should be sent to the one who would In states where a mortgage is given to secure interest money at the same time that be more likely to reply, or whose residence is nearer to the office of records. If no the mortgage to secure the principal is made, as in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and reply is received to the slip first sent out, a trial should be made Ivith the other some other states, the interest mortgage should be omitted from the abstracts when it mortgagor. The same practice should be followed in the case of a mortgage having plainly appears to be such a mortgage. The mortgage to secure the loan in this two or more mortgagees. case bears a lower rate of interest than the borrower is really paying, and the Assistant special agents and abstracters should always use their best endeavors to abstracter who works in counties where this custom prevails must enter upon his get replies from mortgagors, in order that the motive may be discovered, and, if slips of abstracts the market rates of interest in those counties for the years taken, necessary, they should pursue their inquiries further than they are here outluled, and should not accept the rates mentioned in mortgages when it is evident that the acting with persistence, courtesy, and discretion. borrowers were in reality paying higher rates. In inquiry counties, in the case of a mortgagee holding a considerable number of As far as possible equated life counties will be decided upon provisionally before mortgages, the slips containing abstracts of these uncanceled mortgages should be held the work in them begins. . back and sent to the mortgagee in a bunch, or taken to him in person by an assistant Early in the work in every county it must be ascertained for the years 1880-1883 special agent or abstracter, if it can be done conveniently and without expense. whether the records of all instruments of cancellation were made in the recorder's office, whether entries of discharge were made upon the margin of the record, and (Extract from supplementary circular of instructions to assistant special agents and whether the recorder was in the habit of noting upon the margin of the record of abstracters.) canceled mortgages a reference to the book and page where such instruments of can­ In states where mortgages are known as "deeds of trust," distinguish these from cellation are recorded. IVhatever the practice was, immediate notice of the fact must "deeds in trust" and "trustees' deeds." Deeds in trust are not conditional con­ be given to the Superintendent of Oensus and to the assistant special agent in charge veyances to secure the pavment of monev, and are not to be abstracted. Trustees' when it is f-ound out. The object is to take the life of mortgages in those counties deeds are foreclosures, and are not to be abstracted unless there is special direction to do so. 784 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 785

In a county where building and loan associations do not state in their mortgages 5. Object of the indebtedness: the amount of the loan nor the rate of interest the abstracter may find it desirable 6. Purchase money (for the incumbered real estate). to apply to the associations for information as to the amount and rate, using the 7. Purch~se~one~(for other real estate). mail in the cases of associations situated outside of the county seat. If the number 8. To bUlld w1th your own home or farm buildings). of shares is stated, and not the amount of the loan, the par value of the shares will 9. To build wi~hother buildings) . indicate the amount. Possibly information will be wanted in the following form: 10. ReR;l-estat~1mprovements (not .for buildings) . Name of association. . 11. To mvest m trade, manufacturmg, or other business (not for improvements, Par value of shares. buildings, or other real estate). Rates of interest: 1880; 1881; 1882; 1883; 1884; 1885; 1886; 1887; 1888; 1889. 12. Family supplies. If neither the amount of the loan nor the number of shares is mentioned, the debt 13. Farm supplies (notincluded in question 15). may possibly be ascertained from an association if the slip is identified with the 14. Family and farm supplies. mortgage by a memorandum of the names of mortgagor and mortgagee under 15. Farm implements, machines, and domestic animals. " Remarks." But an abstracter should not let slips go out of his presence, nor 16. To buy personal property (not included in other questions). Mention what should he go to parts of the county outside of the county seat, for the purpose of was bought. getting amounts, unless by direction of his assistant special agent. The slips failing 17. Please explain other reasons, if any, why the indebtedness was incurred. to show the amount of the loan should be reduced to as small a number as may be without excessive expense. INSTRUCTIONSTO BE OBSERVEDIN ANSWERINGTHE QUESTIONSOF THE SCHEDULE. Please make this report as of June 1, 1890, and pay no regard to changes subse­ quent to that date. FARMS AND HOMES: PROPRIETORSHIP AND INDEBT­ It is not necessary to report second, third, and subsequent incumbrances sep­ EDNESS. ~rately.Tt:ey may all be combined with the first incumbrance, unless they bear mterest at d1fferent rates. [Schedule, in circular form, sent to persons reported by census enumerators (on Include no valuation of real estate occupied by tenants nor the indebtedness upon population schedule) as owning and occupying mortgaged farms and homes, so as to the same, if it may reasonably be avoided. ascertain the amount of the mortgage debt unpaid June 1, 1890, the annual rate of An incumbrance that is a lien upon a farm or home that is occupied partly by its interest, and the object for which the debt was incurred.] owner and partly by a tenant, or upon a farm or home occupied by its owner and ~lsoupon ?ther real estate, should be apportioned, if the farm or home occupied by CENSUS OF 1890. Its owner 1Sseparable for purposes of valuation and indebtedness and the value of only the real estate that is occupied by its owner as a farm or hdme and the debt that may fairly be apportioned to it should be reported. SPECIALSCHEDULE-MORTGAGED FARM8 AND HOMES. Except as requested above, gIVe the value of the entire real estate that constitutes [Extract from explanatory letter.] the.farm or home, ir~c1udi:r:gbuildings and permanent improvements, even if the entIre farm or home 1Snot Incumbered. An act of Congress approved February 22, 1890, requires the Superintendent of J?o not give an extrem~value to :your farm or home.. Except as qualified above, Census to obtain the information sought by the questions printed upon the second WYlt~the amount for WhIC!J.the entIre farm or the entIre home, with the detached page of this circular [see schedule below] in regard to every mortgaged farm and p.ortlOn referred t~belo-yv, 1f any, could be sold within a reasonable time, the price home in the United States occupied by its owner. A census enumerator has reported eIther payable entHely III cash or partly secured by a safe incumbrance, according to that your farm is mortgaged, and you are respectfully requested to answer these the choice of the purchaser. In case of crop lien, give the home value of the crop after it is harvested and when questions. The object of this investigation is to discover the condition of the people of the ready for market. United States in respect to the ownership of farms and homes and the indebtedness If the home is separated from the farm, it is to be fegarded as a part thereof and that is a lien upon those that are occupied by owners. It is a subject of much popu­ both should be included in the valuation and indebtedness if they are both occ~pied lar interest, and everyone should recognize the importance of contributing to its by the owner. general fund of information. If real estate that has been two or more farms is owned and cultivated by one per­ The incumbrance about which this inquiry is made, and also the assessed value of son, and the incumbrance does not cover all of them, nevertheless these farms should the property incumbered, are shown UiJon the public records of your county; but the be treated as one and the value of the whole real estate should be given. debt which there appears is perhaps greater than that which you really owed on the . The home should be regarded as including at least a house and lot. It should 1st of June, 1890, and the assessed valuation of the property probably does not rep­ Illch~dett1e unproductive lawns and parks connected with dwellings, and any pro­ ductIve pIece of land, detached or not, of less than 3 acres, which is an appendage resent its true value. to the home, unless five hundred dollars' worth of produce has been sold from it SCHEDULE. within the year preceding June 1, 1890. . FARMTENANTS.-A person who cultivates a farm is not to be regarded as a tenant The person to whom this circular is addressed is requested to answer the following If he works for a definite or fixed compensation in money or a fixed quantity of pro­ questions 1 to 4 and as many of the questions 6 to 17 as are necessary to define the duce; but he is to be regarded as a tenant if he pays a rental for it either in money object for which the incumbrances were made. Please write the word "Yes" in or produce, even though he may be subject to some direction and control by the the space at the right of each question that should be answered in the affirmative. owner. . " Yes" or "No" should be the answer to the first question. 1£ a farm was not cul­ Give the actual rate of interest, regardless of what the contract may specify. If tivated, answer the questions that apply to a home. If there was no incumbrance of however, the mortgage is given to a building association, the contract rate of interest any kind June 1, 1890, mention that date in your answer. should be reported, if there is any; otherwise the prevailing rate of interest for similar loans. 1. Was there a crop lien June 1, 1890? 2. Amount of mortgages, liens, and all other kinds of incumbrances on the farm If the interest has been discounted and added to the principal, deduct the amount you owned and cultivated, or on the home you owned and occupied, unpaid of interest so added and treat the remainder as the amount of the loan. If an June 1, 1890, not including interest. incumbrance for $1,100 for one year bears no rate of interest, and the amount actually 3. Market value of the farm or home June 1, 1890. If there was a crop lien, report borrowed was $1,000, deduct $100 from the principal as interest and give the incum­ home value of crop when ready for market. b~'anceof :U"OOO:::rate of 10 per ce;nt. If part, instead of all, of the interest has been 4. Annual rate of interest actually paid-at ••• _.. per cent. discounted III thIS way, and the mcumbrance bears a rate of interest, deduct the S.JDoc.194------50 'i t)t) HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 787

amount of interest that has been added to the principal and increase the specified 1. Location, denomination, etc.-Continued. rate correspondingly. Number of different clergymen who have been in charge of this church Whatever payments have been made should first be applied to the reduction of within ten years. the discounted and other interest clue under the contract June 1, 1890. Within twenty years. \VHEREA SECONDINCUMBRANCESECURESPARTORALLOFTHEINTEREsT.-The amount If assistant clergymen are employed by this church, state how many, and for of a second incumbrance not bearing interest, given to secure part or all of the interest what purposes. of the first incumbrance, should not be added to the .principal of the first incum­ 2. Organization, membership, etc.: brance, but the percentage per annum of the amount of the said first incumbrance, Date of the ecclesiastical organization of the church. upon which the amount of the second incumbrance is based, should be added to the If the records have been preserved, please state number of originalmembers. rate of interest actually paid upon the debt secured by the first incumbrance. If the 'What are the qualifications essential to membership? first incumbrance bears 8 per cent interest, and if, at the time the loan was made, 'What are the tests as to qualification for membership? the second incumbrance was made for an amount without interest, based upon 2 per Number of members on roll in 1880. cent of the loan per annum, return the first incumbrance at 10 per cent, and do not Total' increase of membership since census of 1870. add to its unpaid principal the unpaid amount of the second incumbrance. Number of present members under the age of 20-Males; females. 'Whatever payments have been made upon either incumbrance, or both of them, Number of members actually resident in the parish (exclusive of those who should first be applied to the reduction of the amount of the second incumbrance have removed from the parish and other permanent absentees) at the date due by contract June 1, 1890, as well as to the interest of the first incumbrance due of this report. by contract at the same date. 3. Attendance: OBJECT OF THE INDEBTEDNESS.-If the object for which this indebtedness was Average fair-weather attendance at morning service-church; chapel. incurred is not included among questions 6 to 16 upon the second page of this cir­ NOTE.-Reference is here made to mission chapels not organized as sepa­ cular, a brief explanation is requested in answer to question 17. rate churches, but where services (other than Sunday-school) are regu­ In reporting the object of the indebtedness, it is more definite to mention a specific larly conducted under the auspices of the church. object, as in the following samples: "Speculation," "investment," ': education of Average fair-weather attendance at afternoon service-church; chapel. children," "travel," "sickness," "lawsuit," "attorney's fees," "to secure my Average fair~weatherattendence at evening service-church; chapel. indorsement upon the note of a friend," "failure in business," "to secure other heirs Estimated proportion of population in the town above named who attend upon the settlement of an estate," "security money," "to pay a note that I indorsed church services, including all sects. for a friend, " etc. Estimated total of church-going population. Do not use indefinite terms, as "for borrowed money," "to pay debts," "to secure Estimated total of population upon which above computations are based. a loan," "for cash," "for general purposes, " or "to pay a previous mortgage." 4. Other churches of this or other denominations within a radius of 3 miles: If crop failure or other misfortune led to the debt, please so report. the object was to pay a previous incumbrance of your own making, please explain If Address of pastor or other the object of the previous debt. Name and denominatioIl of church. officer. If you bought the property already incumbered, and you assumed the payment of the debt, the answer should be made to question 6. (a) (a) If you borrowed money for another person to use, or incurred the debt for the benefit of another person, it is sufficient so to answer. ------'------a Several blank liDe" are printed in schedule.

n.-Inquiries as to Sabbath schools. 5. Sabbath schools: RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. (a) Number of Sabbath schools conducted under direction of the church. (b) Name and full postal address of superintendent of each. [The inquiries relating to "Religion" at the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870 are (c) Total number of youth and children enrolled as members of classes: contained in the schedule for" Sodal Statistics." Home school. The special schedules used at the census of 1880 called for a separate return ·for each Mission school. religious organization to which sent, and where the inquiries are tabular in form they Total. have been so reproduced. (d) Different persons in regular attendance on above school or schools: The special schedules used at the census of 1890 are tabular in form, the inquiries Home school. being printed at the heads of columns, on which 26 spaces are provided, and the Mission school. entries made on horizontal cross lines, ffr each page of each schedule.1 Total. Proportion of above who are males. CENSUS OF 1880. 6. Industrial or week-dav schools: Are there industrial or other week-day schools conducted under direction of SPECIAL SCHEDULEI.-CHURCHES. this church? If so, give name and full postal address of proper person or persons from whom I.-Inquiries as to location, clergymen, members, etc. information regarding each may be obtained. 7. Union or other undenominational Sunday schools in this town within a radius of 1. Location, denomination, etc.: three miles: State of; county of. City, i,r:illage, or town (say which). Name and address of super­ Name of church. Name of school. intendent or other officer. Full name of denomination with which connected. Name and full post-office address of clergymen. (In the absence of such an (a) (a) officer, give name and address of the officer in charge.) Has the clergyman in charge been regularly installed, or is he temporarily aSeveral blank lines are printed in schedule. engaged? How long has he sustained the above relation to the church? 788 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 789

lII.-Buildings 01' other property. 13. Expenditui-e as compared with 1870: 8. Buildings, etc. : . Date "vhen first house of WOrshIP was erected. Date when present house of worship was erected. Increase. Decrease. Seating capacity of same.. .. Seating capacity of chapel audIence room; o~m.ISSlOnchapel. . ? For salary of cl ergyman . the Sabbath school occupies a separate bmldmg, when was It erected. For salaries of assistants . If For choir and organist .. 'What is its seating capacity? . For belongings and grounds " " .. If the church provides a residence for the clergymen m charge, does It own It For rents, insurance, hIre of sexton, lighting, warming, ete . For Sabbath schools-home; lllission . or hire it? For parish benevolence...... •...... If owned, in what year was it provided? . .' For general benevolence . 9. Property owned by the church and congregatIOn:

Value Of! Value of IIncrease Total increase in expenditure over 1870. Property. in 188~~in 1870. I of value. Total decrease in expenditure over 1870.

I. SCHEDULEn.-SABBATH SCHOOLS. Main house of worship and grounds, inclnding organ, bell, furniture, I I

c-£~~elitiJ:ci·g;ound.;;1nciU"ciing:(irian',beil~fu'r'nitu;e~etc:::~:::::::::::I Report made by ..... _; Post-office address; Oounty; State. Sabbath school and inission buildmgs and grounds,mcludmg organ, Name of school; with what church is it connected; denomination of church with bell furniture, etc ······· .. ········· .. ············ .. · .. ···· .. ··· Sabba'th school libraries. (Number of bound volumes ). which connected. Other than Sabbath schooll~braries..(Nu?1ber of bound volumes ) NOTE.-:Please give answers where possible in figures. When an accurate answer Manse and grounds, includmg furmture, If owned by the church . can not be given, say" estimated." When no answer can. be given, please give the Total value of properties as above . addresses of those from whom the desired information can be obtained, or place a cipher after the question. Character of school: Is it a church school? 10. Incumbrances on properties as above: Is it a mission school? For what classes: In 1880. In 1870. Is it exclusively for white children? Is it exclusively for colored children? Is it open to both white and colored children? Main house of worship-mortgages , . Other indebtedness . Number of children under the age of 16 in attendance in school year 1879-80: Other buildings, including manse-mortgages ········· White-Male; female; total white children under 16. Other indebtedness ··························· .. Oolored-Male; female; total colored children under 16. Number of children over the age of 16 in attendance in school year 1879-80: White-Male; female; total white children over 16. Total increase in indebtedness since 1870. Colored-Male; female; total colored children over 16. Total decrease in indebtedness since 1870. Adults in bible classes in school year 1879-80: White-Male; female; total white adults, etc. IV.-Income and expenditure. Oolored-Male; female; total colored adults, etc. Number of teachers and officers in school year 1879-80: White-Male; female; total white teachers, etc. 11. Income for year 1880: Oolored-Male; female; total colored teachers, etc. From pew rents. Grand total of attendance in 1879-80. From subscriptions. If convenient to do so, please state the increase in total" attendance as compared with From collections. 1870. From invested funds. Average total attendance each Sabbath in 1879-80. (Amount of·principal). . From home missions or other church aId.' SOCIetIes. Buildings: Has the school a building separately set apart for its use? From all other sources. Is it conducted in a church, chapel, or in rented rooms? Total income in 1880. Libraries belonging to this Sabbath school: 12. Expenditures for year 1880: Whole number of bound volumes in same. For salary of clergyman. Fiction: Whole number of books of this class in library. For salarIes of assistants. For choir and organist. ... Historical: "" "" For buildings and grounds (repalYs, addItIOns, etc.) . Biographical: " " Religious: "" " " For rents. Geographical:" " " For insurance. Miscellaneous:" ., " For miscellaneous purposes. For expenses of home Sabbath school. Whole number of copies of religious papers distributed among scholars weekly. For expenses of mission Sabbath school. Value of Sabbath school property: Buildings and grounds. For parish benevolence. Libraries. For general benevolence. All other property. For interest on indebtedness. Total. Total expenditure in 1880. , Total receipts for Sabbath school purposes in 1879-80. Total expenditures for Sabbath school purposes in 1879-80. Funds contributed for Sabbath school and other benevolent purposes by the children of this school in 1879-80. 790 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF 'rHE UNITED S'rATES CE:gSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED S'rATES OENSUS. 791 If the association has a reading room, give the following particulars as to the same' INDUSTRIALORMISSION-WEEK-DAYSCHOOLSCONNECTEDWITHSCHOOLABOVEREPOR'l'ED. 'When was it first opened? . Is there a week-day industrial or mission school conducted under the auspices of this Sabbath school or of the church with which it is connected? If so, please give 1880. 18~O. statistics as follows for year 1879-80: Has it a building specially set apart for)ts use, or is it conducted in church, chapel, or rented rooms? Number of religious periodicals taken: ' Number of children in attendance: ~g~f~ry'::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ", White-Male; female; total. Number of secular periodicals of a misceliitneou'-s' ciia~acter't'aken:. Oolored-Male; female; total. iXg~f~ry'::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ,,.', . 'Whole number. N~~erof periodicals chiefly devoted to-llteratii;e,'scleiic'e,'aiI"d'the' Teachers in attendance: White-Male; female; total. Oolored-Male; female; total. Number of days on which school was taught in 1880. Num~~;:I~il~~Lpap~,,~L:.:·:::::::::::::::·::::.::::::::::: General character of instruction given. Total number of periodicals of all kinds. Total receipts for industrial or mission week-day school. (a) •• crease in 1880as compared with 1870':::::::::::::::::::::: Total expenditures for industrial or mission week-day school. Value of property of week-day school above reported: a Prefix" In" or, " De " to indicate increase or decrease. Buildings and grounds. All other property. Total. Average nu~berof persons making use of reading room daily. Remarks. (0) - -9rease 111number of persons as above in 1880 as compared with 1870. Llbranes: SCHEDULEIlI.-ASSOOIATIONS FOR MEN AND WOMEN. Has the association a r?om, or rooms, specially devoted to library purposes? In what year was the lIbrary opened? NOTE.-\Vhile accurate answers are desired, if these can not be secured, approxi­ Whole numb.er of bound volumes in library: In 1880; in 1870. mate information may be given. After inquiries to which no responses can be made, (a) __crease 1111880 as compared with 1870. Name and post-office address of librarian. a cipher should be placed. Lectures: Narne and full post-office address of person responding to these inquiries. H as the association a lecture hall? Full name of association. Are lectures regularl~conducted under the auspices of the association? Location: City, town, or village (say which); county; state of. If so, upon what subJects? Is the association connected with a religious denomination, or is it conducted by Sta~ewhether free, or upon payment of admission fees. those chiefly belonging to any such denomination? If so, give full name of denom- EstImated av.erage number of persons in attendance upon such lectures in 1880 ination. (a) __crease 1111880 as compared with 1870. .. Is the membership confined to either sex? Wh?le number of lectures delivered in 1880; in 1870. State any other limitations as to membership Gymnasmm: In what year was the association organized? Has the association a gymnasium? What is the present total membership~ Average number of p~rsonsmaking use of same in 1880. Male-White; colored; total. If an e;mpl~yme;ntbureau IS conducted by this association, state number of applicants Female-White; colored; total. for SItuatIOns 1111880: Male; female; whole number. Grand total- 'White; colored; total. Number for whom situations were obtained: Number of above who are honorary or other than active members. (a) _. crease in membership since the census of 1870. Does it own the building which it occupies? If so, in what year was it erected? I What are the special objects of the association? ------~, I Male. Female. Total. Are Sabbath-day services conducted under its auspices? If so, how many? Average total attendance upon such servi:es eacl~Sabb~th. . A~eBible classes conducted under Its atpsplces? If so, state number of youth 111structed ~~i::~v:.:·••::•••::::.::.:::::.::::::::••••:::::::::::::•••1 In same. Male- White; colored; total. Female-White; colored; total. a Prefix "In') or "De" to indicate incre4se or decrease. Grand total-White; colored; total. Is week-day instruction given under its auspices? If so, state in what branches, and number instructed in each. Upon what terms is instruction afforded to those attending the above classes? Average number of hours per week devoted to such instruction. Number of teachers employed in connection with the above classes: Male-White; colored; total. Female-White; colored; total. Grand total-White; colored; total. Specify the number and purposes of rooms occupied by the association.

a Prefix" In " or "De" to indicate increase or decrease. 7lJ2 HISTORY AND GROWTH 0]' THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OP THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 793 Receipts and expenditures: Receipts: SPECIALSCHEDULE.-INQUIRIES RELATING TO PEACE DENOMINATIONS. Answers to these inquiries are sought merely for the purpose of obtaining informa­ In 1880. In 1870. Increase. Decrease. tion as to the number of churches, church members, church buildings, ministers, or those occupying positions corresponding to that of minister; and' other facts From membership fees (active members) . relating to religious organizations which may be of interest to the general public. From membership fees (honorary and other IDembers) Names of individuals will not be published, and the information sought has no rela- From interest on invested funds . tion whatever to taxation or to military enrollment. From subscriptions and donations ; . From library fees . Name of denomination. From gymnasium fees , . Organization known as .. _... From tuition fees _. _ . Located in county of _.. __.; state of ... __. From lectures and entertainments .. _ .

From all other sources ~. _. __.. _ . The number of members connected with this organization as reported in the census schedules is ... Total. _ . The members of this organization are distributed in the counties named below, as follows: Expenditures: County. No. of members. In 1880. In 1870. Increase. I Decrease. (a) (a) For salaries of officers . For rent and repairs of buildings . a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. For furniture " . For salaries of instructors . For salaries of employees . The leading official of the organization is: For library . Name. For reading room . For gymnasium . Post-office. For lectures and entertainments . County of .. For religious work . State of __.. __ For all other purposes . Those connected with this organization whose position corresponds to that of minis­ Total. ,. ters in other crganizations, such as Baptist, Methodist, etc. (in accordance with the explanation contained in the accompanying circular), are as follows: Value of property: Name. Post-office. County. State.

In 1880. In 1870. Increase. I Decrease. (a) ------1-----1,------1----. (a) (a) (a) Buildings . I a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. Grounds . Libraries . Furniture . The church buildings owned by this organization are as follows: Gymnasium ' . Other property . Estimated Estimated Total. . No. in county. seating capac- value of build- ity. ings.

Endowments: (a) (a) (a) a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. 1880. 1870. I 1 The answers to the above inquiries were furnished by­ ------1----- Name. Total amount of invested funds -- Post-office. Total amount of bequests or gifts __ . (a) .. crease in 1880 as compared with 1870 . County of _.. _ I State of _. _. __ a Prefix" In" or " De" to indicate increase or decrease. SPECIALSCHEDuLE.-SPIRITUALIST SOCIETIES. Remarks: Name of place; county; state. Name and address of person responding to these inquiries. At what date were meetings first established? Year in wbich ball was built. Total membership in 1870. Number of members connected with this society in 1880: Male; female; total. Average .attendance at service each Sabbatb. Value of ball, grounds, etc., if owned by society. Value of otber property belonging to society. 794 mSTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. :E:ISTORY AND GROWTH: OF 'rH:"E trNI'rED STATES OENSUS. 795 Seating capacity of hall. Income for year 1880. 4. The item" Value of church property" is intended to embrace the present esti­ Expenditure for year 1880. mated value of bui~dings,with their sites, their furniture, organs, bells, etc., owned Is there a children's progressive lyceum connected with this society? and used for worshIp. It does. not include.haps, or other'places ~hic!?-are simply Name of person in charge of same. r~nted;nor parsonages, parochIal school bmldmgs, theologIcal semmanes, monaste­ nes, ,or co~v~nts(onl~Tt~echapels attached th.ereto); nor buildings of the Young Men ~O!?-nstIan Assocratl-on, the vVoman's Chnstian Temperance Union, or similar CENSUS OF 1890. orgamzatIOns. Oare should be taken not to COli1t the value of chapel and mission property twice. SPECIAL SCHEDULE.-ORGANIZATIONS, CHUROH EDIFIOES, SEATING CA­ "Oommunic~~ts"is. meant to embrace all, without distinction of sex, who are PAOITY, VALUE OF CHUROH PROPERTY, AND OOMMUNIOANTS. ?'. pnvIlege~to partICIpate m the ordinance of communion in denominations which observe It, and all members in other denominations such as Unitarians Friends Report of ; State of _.• __. and Jews. '.,, ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF THE METHOD OF MAKING RETURNS. SPECIALSCHEDULE.-SUNDAY SCHOOLS, OFFIOERS AND TEAOHERS AND SOHOLARS. ' Name of city, town, Seating Value of Communi­ County. Name ~io~'~aniza-Edifices. church cants or or village. capacity. property. members. Report of Oounty of ; State of ; Church of ._

Dollars. Gaston 000 ••••• •• Union...... Gaston . 1 200 5,000 50 Total Canton Carter First o. 1 300 10,000 100 Number of officers, 1 100 2,500 Name of Sunday Number of Number of FFl~rrsstt~fl'SaSPl'OenL 20 officers Do 0 ••••• • ••••••• do . Name of city, town, or village. and scholars. teachers, Do do m. 1 50 1,000 5 school. schools. teachers. and Eltonville Dart. St. John's __ .. 2 600 50,000 400 scholars. Belfast. __ Sussex.. __ Station __ [hI 50 20 Lawton __ '0' ••••• do Mission. [ph] 30 15 Batestown Essex __ St. Peter's . 200 2,500 75 (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) Halls Crossroads Boone Trinity...... [sh] 7.') ... _ , 30 aA page of blank lines are printed in schedule. Name of city, town, or Name of organiza Seating Value of Communi­ village. County.' - tion. -Edifices. church cants or capacity. property. members. EXPLANATIONOF INQUIRIES.

(a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) . It haviI?-g been decided to include returns of Sunday schools in the statistics of reli­ gIOUSbodIes for the eleventh census, the census office is especially desirous that those returns should be complete and trustworthy. To this end the special attention of a Several pages of blank lines are printed in schedules. those to whom schedules are sent is directed to the following points: 1. The name and location of every Sunday school should be given distinctly as EXPLANATIONOF INQUIRIES. provided for in the first two columns of the schedule. ' 2. Care should be taken that each of the inquiries is answered. In S? far a.s the statistics of religious bodies were gathered for previous censuses 3. A~t~estatis~icsare to be tabulated by-denominations, as well as by counties and the chIef.relIance was placed upon the generous and willing cooperation of those con~ ~tates,It ~svery Important schools of different denominations should not nect.ed WIt!?-the various denominations who were in a position to furnish the infor­ that be matIOn deSIred. In venturing upon some modification of former plans in the hope mcluded m the same schedule. A schedule will be provided for each denomination and the schools of that denomination, and no others, should be entered in it even if that larger and ~oresatisfactory results may be secured, the census office appeals to t~ereb~but one such school in the county. Great care will be necessary in co~plying you for your assIstance in the confiden~expectation that, appreciating the importance vyrth thIS .n~le..In many cases denominational names are very much alike, with but of a co~pleteand ~ccuraterepresentatIOn of your own with other denominations of the UnIted States m the reports of the eleventh census, you will cheerfully contrib­ little to dIstmgmsh one from another, and to avoid mistakes it will be well to consult frequently the. list of denom~ationaltitles already sent you. ute such effor~as.may be neces~ary:to fill out the accompanying schedule of inquiries. 4. If a church or congregatwn has more than one Sunday school, separate entries . In order .to mdicate the apphcat~onof tl:e terms employed, the following explana­ tIOns are gIven, together wIth an Illustratrve example of the method of making the should be made for each school. returns called for. 5. Sunday schools which are entirely independent of all denominations should be . 1. "Orga1?-ization" is meant to emprace churches, with or without pastors; mis­ entered ~ogetherin the schedule designated "Independent." SIOns or statIOns, when they form a separate congregation or are separately organized; 6. UnIon Sunday schools (not sectarian) should be entered together in the sched­ chapels, when t1?-eyare separate from churches and have separate services; meetings, ule designated ' , Union." 7. Colored Sunday schools in affiliation with white churches should de designated as ~m0.ngthe Fnends, Plymouth Brethren, and others; and societies, as among the UnItanans. by the abbreviation "001." in the column of the schedule where the name of the 2. ".Ohurch Adifices" is intended to embrace all buildings owned and used for school is given. It is desirable that this distinction be carefully observed, in order worshIp, whether :onsecrated ?r upconsecrated. If an organization meets in a hall, that colored schools may be tabulated separately, if the census office deems it best so sch?olhOuSe, or prIvate house,.mdIcate the fact by the use of the letter [hJ in brack­ Ie do. et~m the case of a hall, JshJ m the case of a schoolhouse, and [phJ in the case of a p!Ivate house, as shown m the table below. If a church and its chapel are simply dIfferent rooms under the same r?o~,COli1t as one edifice only. 'When the chapel is under another roof,. whether adJoming the church or at a distance from it, and is used by the churc~sI~plyfor pray~r2;nd ?ther social ~ne~tin.gs,count as two edifices. When two denommatIOns own a blildmg m partnershIp, mdIcate the proportion that belongs to the denomination for which the return is made in this schedule as 1 ~, or t, or other fractional part, as the case may be. ', 3. By "Seating capacity" is meant the number of persons any edifice used for worship is arranged to seat. 7~6 HISTOl~YAND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GRO,:VTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 797

Horse railroads-Continued. SOCIAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Total number of men employed. Total number of passengers carried during the year. [The special schedules used at the censuses of 1880 and 1890 called for a separate What are the rates of fare? return for each department of the cities to which sent, and where the inquiries are Omnibus lines: tabular in form they have been so reproduced.] Total number of vehicles. Total number of horses. Total number of men employed. CENSUS OF 1880. Total number of passengers carried during the year. What are the rates of fare? SPECIALSCHEDULEA.-ALTITUDE, TOPOGRAPHY, ETO. Public works: . Works for water supply: Total cost. Location: Natural head or pumping, and amount of pressure in either case. Altitude (above sea level); lowest point; highest point. If pumping, what system? State average, greatest, and least amount pumped vVater courses or harbor: Is the city on navigable water? per diem. If so, describe, giving draft of water, harbor capacity, channel capacity, and Average cost of raising 1,000,000 gallons 1 foot high: .... _. cents. Yearly cost river or tidal current; also important points with which water communi­ of maintenance, aside from cost of pumping. Yearly income from water rates. cation is open. Are water meters used? If so, of what kind and to what extent, and how Railroads: Enumerate railroads and their terminal connections. have they been found to affect the consumption of water? Character of tributary country: Describe the agricultural, industrial, and com­ Gas works: mercial character of the country with which the city has a local trade (this Are the gas works owned by the city? vVhat is the daily· average production? does not refer to the wide-reaching trade of the great cities, but rather to more ·What is the charge per 1,000 feet? ,Vhat amount does the city pay for each immediate surroundings). street lamp? What is the number of lamps? What income from meter rates? Topography, etc.: Describe the geological and topographical characteristics of the Public buildings: site, such as soil and underlying rock, variations of level, natural drainage, 'Vhat buildings are owned or occupied by the city for municipal uses wholly or relative elevation of surrounding country,presence of marsh, ponds, lakes, etc. in part? Is the country, for a radius of 5 miles, considerably wooded or open? Charac­ What is the total cost of municipal buildings belonging to the city? ter of soil within this radius. State cost of city hall separately (if city and county buildings are owned in com­ Olimate: Highest recorded .summer temperature; highest summer temperature mon, so state, and give cost of city's portion). in average years. Lowest recorded winter temperature; lowest winter tem­ perature in average years. Influence of adjacent waters. SPECIALSCHEDULEO.-PUBLIO PARKS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS. Influence of marshes, etc. Influence of elevated lands. Public parks and pleasure grounds: Influence of prevailing winds on climate. Total area. History: Date of first settlement; progressive changes; ravages of fire; periods Area, location, and character of the larger parks. of depression; rebuilding and recovering; origin of population. Has popula­ Total cost. tion of one nationality or state supplanted others previously established, or Oost of each of the larger parks, including land purchase and construction become more prominent? Causes of such change. Yearly cost of maintenance of each of the larger parks. Number of visitors annually to larger parks on foot. Number of visitors annually to larger parks in carriages. SPECIALSCHEDULEB.-STREETS, ETC. Number of visitors annually to larger parks on horseback. Streets: Names of designers of larger parks. Total length. In what manner are the parks controlled? Total length paved with each of the following materials: Furnish copies of the ordinances regulating the same. 1. Oobblestones. 2. Stone blocks. SPECIALSCHEDULED.-PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 3. Asphalt or other composition. 4. Broken stone. Places of amusement: 5. Wood. Theaters, conce:rt halls, and lecture rooms: vVhat theaters have you, and what is 6. Gravel. ! the seating capacity of each? Oost per square yard of each, as l1early as it may be estimated. Do theaters pay license or other revenue to the city? Cost of keeping each in good repair. If so, how much annually? Relative facility with which each is kept clean. Enumerate and describe concert halls and lecture rooms, not including Quality and permanent economy of each. those connected with churches. Kind and character of sidewalks. Ooncert and beer gardens: Enumerate, giving date of construction, size, cost, Kind and character of gutters. seating capacity, and degree and manner in which they are patronized. Make Describe degree and manner of tree planting in the streets and grassed places, if reference also to former similar places which they have superseded or any, at the sides or in the centers of the streets. Is the work of construction succeeded. and repair of streets done by contract or by the day? What is the annual cost of such work? SPECIAL SCHEDULEE.-SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE. Does your experience indicate a preference for contract or day work? State particulars. Sewerage and drainage: Do you use steam stonecrusher or roller? If so, with what effect? Please furnish as accurate a map as possible of the existing sewers of your city, Horse railroads: or such material, including sketches, as will facilitate the making of such a Total length. map in this office. The points to be covered are, among others, the following: Total number of cars. I A plan of all the streets of the city with existing sewers indicated. Total number of horses. I Oontour linBs or elevations, showing the conformation of the surface. 7 ~tl HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 799

Sewerage and drainag~-Continued. . Cemeteries-Continued. The sizes of the dIfferent sewers to be shown by dIfferent., IIlles, or by figures m Please indicate the size and location of each, and if possible furnish a map of the lines indicating interior diameters. the city, with each properly laid down, or, ifat a distance, indicate the distance The material of which the sewers are constructed indicated by colors, as ?'ed for and direction. brick, brown for stone, blue for earthenware pipes, and purple for cement pipes. Please indicate also the location and extent of churchyards and private burial 'V"here not otherwise stated, it will be assumed that stone sewers are rectangular grounds where interments are no longer permitted. in form, and that other sewers are circular. Please give the total number of interments in all of the cemeteries and burial Where these forms are deviated from please indicate the deviation. grounds, so far as past records render this possible. It is desirable, where The depth of the sewers at different points to be indicated along the lines by practicable, that this enumeration should indicate the number of interments Roman numerals-the depth being the depth of the flow-line below the crown for different periods in the different cemeteries and burial grounds. of the street. Please furnish a copy of existing ordinances and regulations, or state what is the The plan to include the location of gully-holes or surface-water inlets, apd the practice concerning interments as to permits, limit of time after death, depth direction and arrangement of the pipes by which these are connected wIth the of grave, etc. sewers. In the case of cemeteries belonging to private corporations, please furnish such A sketch showing the construction of such inlets or c~tch-basi~s,with the m~n­ information as can be obtained concerning the disposition and ownership of ner of trapping. Please state the cost of sewers of dIfferent SIzes ~nd~atenals lots, the restrictions concerning the use and care of lots, the character of the at different depths, giving the information, when more convement, III a tab­ landscape gardening, the construction of roads and other permanent works, ular form. and, so far as practicable, the rate of charges and the revenue. It is especially Please state also the average cost of each inlet basin and its connection with the desired, in connection with the principal cities, to obtain statistics as to the sewer. . total and the progressive annual interments. Also the average cost of each manhole of average depth. . In so far as the foregoing suggestions fail to cover the condition of special cases, Please state the history of the actual sewerage work done, as, for l11stance, the please give as minute information as possible in order that the report may extent to which the covering of troublesome water courses preceded other show the progressive changes and the existing conditions of the whole subject work; the extent to which private drains preceded regular sewerage; al~othe of the disposal of the bodies of the dead. This is especially desirable in the extent to which these private drains and covered waterways have been l11cor- case of the larger cities. porated without change into the improved or modern system. . Are sewers now being built according to a regular pla~,or is the 10ca~lOn,depth, SPECIALSCHEDULEG.-MARKETS. size, and material of each sewer regulated accordl11g to the reqUIrements of Markets: each case as it comes up? Please show, on a map or sketch of the city, the location of the public or If·a plan has been prepared for the complete sewerage of the city, please forward corporation markets. a copy of the same and of the report accompanying it, whether its execution Please give the cost of building, the ground area, and the number of EtalJs of has been undertaken or not, and state the action thus far taken concerning the each; also the amount of space near each market or elsewhere in lhe public same. If originals are sent, they will be promptly copied and returned, if so streets which may be used as standing places for farmers' and hucksters' requested. wagons. Please forward copies of ordinances relatl11g to the connectlO,n of pn vate drams The following additional statistics are desirable: with sewers and public drains, and to the substances whICh may be legally The rate of rental of stalls of different classes. admitted thereto. .... The total rental of each market. What provision, if any, is made for the ventilation of the sewers? The hours during which the market is open. To what extent are hollow invert blocks for subsoil drainage used? Are they The gross amount of annual sale from the stalls or within the market. satisfactory? . The probable proportion of the retail supply of meats, poultry, :fish, and vegeta­ Are the mouths of the sewers fully exposed, or do they deliver below the surface bles by the public and corporation markets as compared with private stores of the river or harbor? and stands. 'V"hat final disposition is made of the outflow of the sewers? . Please furnish a copy of ordinances concerning markets, hucksters, peddlers, To what extent is it necessary to remove deposits from the sewers by hand or by etc. artificial flushing? . It is desirable, also, to have an account of the character and condition of the What is the cost of such removal? different market buildings. What is the method of paying for the constructing of the sewers; that is, is the The foregoing relates especially to retail markets. So far as possible please whole cost paid by the city, or the whole by abutters, or part by each; and describe the manner of conducting the wholesale distribution ofmmt, poultry, . if the latter, what proportion by each? . .. fish, vegetables, etc., and, generally, give any information not distinctly asked So far as the cost is assessed upon the abutters, what IS the basIs of assessment; about which, in your judgment, is necessary to a full understanding of the by front foot, by area of propfilrty, or by valuation~ . subject. As a guide to the present cost of the work, please gIVe ~hecontract prICe~for work done within the past year (1880) i~lthe constructlOn.of sewers of dIffer­ SPECIALSCHEDULEH.-SANITARY AUTHORITY. ent materials, sizes, and depths, separatI~g,so far as pOSSIble, the cost of the sewer itself from that of the catch-basl11s and manholes. Please forward Sanitary authority: forms for contracts. What is the title of the chief health organization? Any information ~o~covered by the for~going,~elatingto specia~cases, and any Is it an independent board, or is it the board of aldermen or other body acting expression of opl11IOn,based on e;x:penence, WIll. ~egladly re~~IVed.. as a board of health? NOTE.-In setting forth facts relatmg to the condItIOn of. the Cl.tIesof th~Ulll~ed 1£ an independent board, how many members has it, and ·what proportion of States it is· desired to give especial prominence to theIr salll~aryengl11e~rlJ:g them are physicians? . works. City engineers will confer an especial favor by respondmg to the wIthm vVhat is the annual expense of the board when there is no declared epidemic, requests as fully as possible. and for what uses is the expense incurred? To what extent may the board increase its expenses during an epidemic? SPECIALSCHEDULEF.-CEMETERIES. What is the extent of its authority in the absence of epidemics? vVhat during epidemics? Oemeteries: Please furnish a copy of existing health ordinances. What is the number of cemeteries and burial grounds (public and private) con- vVhat is the title, what the salary, and what are the powers and duties of the nected with the city? chief executive officer of the board? 800 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 801

Sanitary authority-Continued. Gaslight company-Oontinued. What is the mode of transacting the business of the board? Total number of feet paid for by other consumers in 1879. Please furnish copy of its rules of procedure, if such exist. Charge per 1,000 feet to city in 1860. What numbel' of assistant health officers and of inspectors are employed? Charge per 1,000 feet to city in 1870. ·What proportion of them are physicians? Oharge per 1,000 feet to city in 1879. Have they or any of them police powers? Charge per 1,000 feet to other consumers in 1860. Of ·what nature and extent( Charge per 1,000 feet to other consumers in 1870. IVhat is the practice concerning inspections-i. e., are they made regularly, and Charge per 1,000 feet to other consumers in 1879. in all parts of the city, or only as nuisances are reported? Number of miles of distributing pipes. IVhennmsances are reported, what is the procedure concerning them? Number of gasometers and their capacity. How is the board appointed, and to what extent is its action subject to the con­ ·What are the rights of gas companies in regard to opening and using streets? trol of the city government? How often does it meet? SPECIALSCHEDULEJ.-lVIUNICIPAL CLEANSING. What is the custom concerning the inspection and correction of defective house Street cleaning: drainage, privy vaults, cesspools, sources of drinking water? Are the streets cleaned by the city, or by.private abators, or both? IVhat concerning defective sewerage, street cleaning, etc.? Is the work done by contract, or by the CIty'S own force? What control does the board exercise over the conservation and removal of Is the cleaning done wholly by hand, or are sweeping machines used? garbage? If the latter. to what extent? IVhat are the regulations concerning the burial of the dead? How often is the cleaning done in streets of different classes? ·What are the board's regulations concerning the pollution of streams and How efficiently is it done? harbors and the removal of excrement? What is the anllual cost of the work to the city? Are smallpox patients isolated? If so, in what way? ·What to private persons? Are scarlet-fever patients isolated (or quarantined at home) , and in what way? Where are the sweepings deposited? Does the board take cognizance of the breaking out of contagious diseases in Specify merits and defects _of the system or of its execution, and any disad­ public and private schools, and to what extent does it control the treatment vantage of the mode or place of final deposit. of such cases? Please furnish copy of street-cleaning ordinance now in force. Is there a public pesthouse, and where is it situated? Garbage and ashes removed: Is vaccination compulsory? Is garbage removed by the city, or by householders, or both? Is it done at the public expense? Is the work done by contract, or by the city's own force? What is the system of registration of diseases and births and deaths? ·What are the regulations as to the conservancy of garbage while awaiting To whom does the board report; how often, and how are its reports published? removal? Please state any other interesting or important facts concerni:t;lg the public health Is it allowed to keep ashes and garbage in the same vessel? authority which may be within your knowledge, and WhICh are not covered What is the final disposal of garbage? by the above interrogatories, noting especially its relations to the medical What of ashes? profession in your city. What is the annual cost of the removal to the city, and what to private house­ holders? SPECIALSCHEDULEI.-GASLIGHT COMPANIES. Does any nuisance or probable injury to health result from improper keeping of garbage on premises; from infrequent removal; from improper handling' or It is desired to secure answers to the questions in the annexed schedule concerning from improper final disposal? ' the Gaslight Company of the city of ., which shall be as minute and accurate Specify merits and defects of the system or of its execution. as possible. Please furnish a copy of the ordinances now _in force regulating the removal of Gaslight company: ashes and garbage. Name of company. Dead animals: When incorporated. In what manner and under what regulations are dead animals removed, and Amount of capital at date of incorporation. how are they disposed of? Present capital. What is the annual cost of this service? Nurnbel' of shares. 'What number of dead animals of different kinds are removed annually? Par value of shares. Specify merits and defects of the system or of its execution. Present market value of shares. Please furnish a copy of the ordinances now in force regulating the removal of Amount of gas manufactured in 1&60. dead animals. Amount of gas manufactured in 1870. Liquid household wastes: Amount of gas manufactured in 1879. Is the waste water from sleeping rooms (chamber slops) disposed of in the same Kinds of coal used. way as laundry waste and kitchen slops? Illuminating power of !Sas (i. e., average as shown by tests of inspector). If differently, specify. Number of consumers 1111860. Is all, or nearly all, or any part of the liquid household waste of the city deliv- Number of consumers in 1870. ered into public sewers? Number of consumers in 1879. If not an, to what extent is it run into the street gutters? Amount consumed in street lamps in 1860. To ,vhat extent into "dry wells" or cesspools on the premises? Amount consumed in street lamps in 1870. A1'e such dry wells or cesspools porous, or are they nominany tight? Amount consumed in street lamps in 1879. To what extent are they provided with overflows, and where do such overflows Amount of gas consumed iI~public building~(i. e., iI~buildings used by the sev- deliver? eral departments of the CIty government) 1111860; 111 1870; 1111879. If household waste is run into street gutters, what is the practice with regard to Total number of feet paid for out of city treasury in 1860. flushing them periodically? . Totalnumber of feet paid for out of city treasury in 1870. ·Where cesspools or dry wells are used, do they receive the waste of ,vater­ Total number of feet paid for out of city treasury in 1879. closets? Total num bel' of feet paid for by other consumers in 1860. Give any experience touching the contamination of drinking water by the over­ Total number of feet paid for by other consumers in 1870. flowing or the underground escape of the contents of cesspools or privy vaults. S. Doc. 194--51 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 802 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. If so, give a brief description of the harbor facilities, wharves, etc. Liquid household wastes-Continued. Give a brief .descripti(;)ll of the geological and topographical characteristics of site ,Vhat are regulations concerning cleaning out of cesspools? the the the of the CIty, showmg: (a) character of soil; (b) underlying rock; (c) variations Specify merits and defects of the system in use. of.lev~l;(d) streams and water courses; (e) if land, for a radius of 5 Please furnish a copy of the ordinances now in force regulating the disposal of and the illlles, IS open or wooded. liquid wastes. Human excreta: 'What proportion of the houses of the city have water-closets, and what propor- SPECIALSCHEDULEB.-CElVIETERIES. tion depend on privy vaults? ·What proportion of the water-closets deliver into public sewers? Report of the City of , County of , State of , for the year ending ·What proportion into cesspools? December 31, 1889. What proportion of the privy vaults are nominally water-tight? ·What is the total number and area of all cemeteries pertaining to the city? Total ·What are the regulations concerning the construction and the emptying of privy number; total area (in acres). vaults? "\Vhat number of these are located inside the city limits, and what is their total area Please furnish a copy of the ordinances on the subject now in force. in acres? Number; area. To what extent is the dry-earth system used? How many cemeteries are there inside the city limits in which interments are no What ultimate disposal is made of night soil? longer made, and what is their total area in acres? Number; area. Is it allowed to be used for manuring land within the gathering ground of the What is the total number of interments made in all cemeteries to date? public water supply? Of this number, how many have been made inside present limits of the city? lVIanufacturing waste: 'What has been the average yearly number of interments in all cemeteries for the What is the practice and what are the regulations concerning the disposal of past ten years? liquid and solid m.anufacturing wastes? What number of these were made inside city limits? Specify merits and defects of the system. Please furnish a map of the city showing location of cemeteries and indicate those Please furnish copy of ordinances now in force regulating this matter. in which interments are no longer made. ' Please furnish a copy of the law, or ordinance, regulating the burial of the dead. Remarks. SPECIALSCHEDUJ_EK.-POLICE. (Please give any facts regarding cemeteries, not covered by the above questions, Police: that you may deem of mterest.) . Please state by whom the police force is appointed, and how and by whom it is governed. What is the title of the chief executive officer? SPECIALSCHEDULEC.-DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE. What are his duties and his salary? Please give the munbers of the rest of the force in the several grades (year 1880), Report of the City of , County of , State of , for the year ending and the salaries of each. December 31, 1889. ·What is their uniform? What is the total length, in miles, of all sewers laid in the city? What is the cost per man-do the men provide their own uniforms, or are they Please give the number of miles laid in each of the following diameters: furnished by the city? What arms and equipments are used by the patrolmen? Pipe sewers. Brick or stone sewers. What are the patrolmen's hours of service? 'What is the length of streets patrolled by the force? 6" to 8" 8" to 12" 12" to 18" Over 18" Under12/1 12/1to 18/118/1 to 24/124" to 3D"3D" to 36/11Over 36/1 Please furnish a copy of police rules and regulations. What is the number of arrests for the past year (1880)? Give the principal causes for such arrests. What was their final disposition? ------What was the amount of property stolen or lost during the year (1880) reported -I- to the police? What are the diameters of the largest, and of the smallest, sewer in the city? How much of this was recovered? How much returned to owners? Largest (inches); smallest (inches). "\Vhat was the number of station-house lodgers during the year 1880? How many outlets are there connected with the system, and where do they discharge? ·What "vas the number of station-house lodgers during the year 1879? Are the outlets above high-water mark, and if not, to what extent are they Rub­ Have any free meals been given to station-house lodgers during the year (1880) ; merged? and, if so, at what cost to the department? Please enumerate the several parts of the system, as indicated below: Is the police force required to cQoperate with the fire department, health, or building departments; and, if sd, in what way? House Privy vanlts Are special policemen appointed? If so, by whom; for what service; and what Manholes. Catch-basins. Hand-holes. Lamp holes. Flush tanks. connections. connected with is their standing toward the regular force? sewers. What were the casualties in the force during the year (1880)? vYhat is the yearly cost of the police force (1880)? Any information not covered by the foregoing, relating to special cases, and any expression of opinion based on experience, will be gladly received.

CENSUS OF 1890.

SPECIAL SCHEDULEA.-ALTITUDE, TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.

Report of the City of . " County of . __, State of . , for the year ending Decembel' 31, 1889. What is the altitude of the city above mean sea level, in feet? Highest point; lowest point; average. Is the city on navigable water? o V '± H..LbTU J:H AN lJ <.:tH,U W'l-'H U Jj' THl£ Ul'H'l'l£D t)'l-'ATl£b U lG.N t) U t). HISTORY AND GROWTH OF TB:E UNITED STATES OENSUS. 805 Please give the number of miles of sewers laid in each ward, and the number of privies and cesspools, not connected with sewers, in each ward: 'What is the !otalnumber of an city officials not elected by the people, and the total amount paid them yearly as salaries? Number- amount. No.of I No. of No. of No. of What is the title of the chief health organization?' Miles of Y8:U~tR,'U'l f vaults, Miles of Ya;u~ts,:iYIilesof Y8;u~ts, mI es 0 privies, sewers prIVIeS, How many members compose it, and how many of the members must be physicians? Ward. se'~'ersp~~des,I Ward. se,,:,"ers and Ward. se,~erspr~~~s,Ward. What has .been the ayerage annual expense of the organization for the past ten years? laId. cess- laId. cess- laid. ~e~~ laId. cess- 'What are It.Spovvers 111 presence of an epidemic? pools. pools. pools. pools. Please furn~sha c~pyof the health regulations and ordinances. Please furmsh copIes of th.e reports of all city officials covering December 31, 1889 as 1 11 21 31 soon as same are prlllted. ' 2 12 22 32 the 3 13 23 33 4 14 24 34 5 15 25 35 SPECIAL SCHEDULEF.-LIOENSES. 6 16 26 36 7 17 27 37 8 18 28 38 Report of the City of .-., Oounty of . ., State of , for the year ending 9 19 29 39 December 31, 1889. 10 20 30 40 Ple.ase enun;terate. tht;l places of amusement in the city, their seating capacity, and . lIcense paId, as llldlcated below: 'What has been the total cost of all sewers, to date, aside from the cost of mainte- nance and repairs. . Class. Number. Total seating Amount of Ii- What has been the average yearly cost of maintenance for the past ten years? capacity. censepaid city. How much of the above has been expended for cleaning? What is the total length, in miles, of all covered drains in the city (brick or stone) Theaters. _. __.. _ __.. intended -to receive rainfall and soil water only, and not for transmission of Halls _ __. _. _ . sewage? Beer gardens __ _. _. _. .. __._ If not already supplied, please furnish map of your city showing location.of all sewers and of all covered drains 18 inches in diameter or over. Remarks. How many licensed drinking saloons are there in the city? (Please give any information regarding the sewer system, or the drainage, not 'What is the yearly license paid by each class? covered by the above questions, that you may deem of interest.) Are dogs licensed? 1£ so, what is the yearly cost of each license? What has been the average yearly number of dog licenses issued for the past ten SPECIALSCHEDULED.-FIRE DEPARTMENT. years? What is the .estimated p~rcentageof liceD;sed dogs to un~icense~dogs in the city? Report of the City of , County of , State of ., for the year ending Ho::,,"many ~ICensedpublIc passenge~vehIcles are there 111 the CIty (exclusive of her­ December 31, 1889. dICS, ommbuses, sta.ges, etc., runmng over advertised routes)? What is the total force of the department? 'What license do they pay the city in the several classes? Into how many grades is the force divided, and what is the salary of each grade? 'What is the average annual receipt to the city for all the above licenses? (Give number in each grade.) How many of the above are" regular," and how many are" on call? " What is the title of the chief executive of the force, and what is his salary? SPECIALSCHEDUI,EG.-PARKS. How many cases of serious injury occurred in the regular force during the year? How many deaths occurred in the regular force during the year and from what Report of the City of - - .-- _, County of , State of .., for the year ending causes? December 31, 1889. Give the apparatus used by the department, as indicated below: Please give in the table below the number, area, etc., of the parks of the city:

Hose Hook Ladders: Fire ex- Hose: I Inside city limits. Improyed. Not open to pUblic. Steam Hand tinguish- carriages, and lad- Num- Aerial Fire- Number Horses. Total num- engines. engines. carts, or del' bel' of ladders. escapes. bel' of all Total area ers. trucks. feet. of feet. (in acres). Total area Total area sleds. parks. Number. NlUUber. Number. Total area ------(in acres). (in acres). (in acres). I How many miles of wire and how many alarm boxes are on the fire-alarm system? How many fii'es occurred q.uring the past year? How much area in the J?ark~is covered by water in the form o~ponds, streams, etc.? What was the largest loss at anyone fire? How many acres C?l~lpnsed111 ~heparks w~redonated to the CIty? What was the total loss by fire during the year? What was the ongmal cost of the land 111 the parks where it was acquired by 'What was the total amount of insurance involved by the fires during the year? purchase? 'What has been the average annual cost of the department for the past ten years? How. much has been expended on all parks for improvements, exclusive of What are the" fire limits" of the city? mamtenance? "What is the total length, in miles, of each class of roads, etc., in all the parks? SPECIAL SCHEDULEE.-GOVERNMENT. Driveways; bridleways; footways. What has been the average annual cost of maintenance of all parks for the past ten Report of the City of ., County of ., State of _... _. _, for the year ending years? December 31, 1889. Please furnish a copyof the park rules and ordinances, and a map of the city showing What are the designations of the several classes of city officials elected by the people, location of parks. with the number in each grade and the salaries attached thereto? [i. e., 1 mayor at $3,000 per annum; 12 aldermen at $500 per annum each, etc.] HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 806 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 807

SPECIALSCHEDULEL.-STREETS AND ALLEYS. SPECIALSCHEDULEH.-,-POLICE. Report of the City of ., County of , State of _. __. _, for the year ending Report of the City of. , County of. _. , State of. -, for the year ending .. December 31, 1889. December 31, 1899. What i~th~t~tallength(in miles) of all streets and alleys, open and accepted, within Please give the number of men in the force, by totals or grade, and the salary of each the CIty lImIts? grade. Please indicate, in the table below, the number of miles of streets and alleys paved "YVhatis the uniform of the force, and what weapons are carried by the patrolmen? with the following materials: How many miles of streets are patrolled by the force? Into how many reliefs is the force divided, and what are the hours of duty? yVhat has been the average annual number of arrests for the past ten years? Stone. Asphalt. 'What has been the average annual number of station-bouse lodgers for tbe past ten .. Artificial Brick . Coal-tar Wood. stone. concrete. IMa"dam Gravel. years? Cobble. Block. Sheets. Blocks. "YVhathas been the average annual value of all lost and stolen property recovered by ------I the force for the past ten years? I What has been the average annual cost of the force for the past ten years? "YVhathas been the average annual number of the force for the past ten years? "YVhathas been the total number of deaths in the force during the past ten years: Of the unpaved streets and alleys, how many miles are graded and curbed? (a) from disease? (b) from wounds or injuries received in the line of duty? Of the.unpaved streets.and a;lleys, how many miles are unimproved? Please furnish a copy of police rules and regulations, or manual, and map of the city What IS the aver.age wI~th(m feet) of s!reets between building lines? showing police districts. YVha.t are the WIdths (m feet) of the WIdest and the narrowest street in the city? WIdest; narrowest. Please give the number of miles of paved streets and alleys in each ward: SPECIALSCHEDULE};-PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

Report of the City of ., County of , State of _. __-, for the year ending Miles of Miles of Miles of l.files of December 31, 1889. Wards. paved streets Wards. paved streets Wards. paved streets Wards. paved streets and alleys. and alleys. and alleys. :md alleys. Please give the number and class of all buildings owned wholly or in part by the city and occupied for municipal purposes, the materials of which built and cost of 1. . 11. .. 21. .. 31 . construction-giving totals in each class: 2 . 12 . 22 . 32 .. 3 . 13 .. 23 . 33 _. 4 .. 14 . 24 .. 34 . Material used 5 . 15 . 25 .. 35 .. 6 . 26 36 . Clas~. Number. in construe· Cost. Remarks. 16 . .. tion. 7 . 17 . 27 .. 37 .. 8 .. 18 .. 28 .. 38 . 9 .. 19 .. 29 . 39 . City Hall ·.········· 10.. : .. 20 . 30 . 40 .. Court-houses . Jails ·.······.······· . Police stations .. Engine houses ,. I What is .the average proportionate width of sidewalks to streets? ~farkets ~ - , . Please gIVe the number of miles of sidewalks paved with the following n1.aterials: Hospitals ,, . Asylums :. ( Houses of Correction . Brick and'stone Asphalt, sheets Poorhouses, or farms _ .. Brick. Stone. Wood. Cinders. All others. Public baths -.- . ( combined. or blocks. Schoolhouses _ . ? "YVhatbuildings are owned in common with the county? "YVhatwas the total cost of the city's portion? I To what extent are sha~etrees set out along the streets inside of curb line? [Give What is the annual rental, if any, paid by the city for buildings used for municipal ( total number set out, If knoy~n,or number of miles of streets having trees.] purposes? . I Are these tree~set out by the CIty or property owners? What is the average annual amount paid by the city for tbe care of its buildings? H?w many mIles ~fstreets have grassed places between the building lines and what J IS the average WIdth of same? ' "What has been the average ;y:early cost .of all street work, exclusive of cleaning, for SPECIALSCHEDULEK.-RAILROADS. the past ten years? Cost of constructIOn; cost of repairs. Report of the City of , County of __., State of -, for the year ending How often are the streets cleaned? Is the work done by hand or by machines? December 31, 1889. "YVbatp.as been the.average yearly cost of street cleaning for the past ten years? yVhat is the total number, daily, of passenger trains to and from the city on your I IS "YVhat the final dIsposal of the street scrapings? Toads? Are ashes and garbage removcd by the city or by the householders? What number of these trains are for suburban travel, within a radius of 20 nliles from How often are such removals made? the city? ~reth.e ashes and garbage required to be kept in separate vessels? During what hours of the day do the suburban trains move most frequently? What IS th~final disposal. o~ashes and.garbage? How many passengers are carried to and from the city annually on the suburban Please furmsh copy of eXlstmg regulatIOns as to street cleaning and the l'emoval of trains? aBhes and garbage. What proportion of these passengers are "commuters?" 808 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROW'.rH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 809

SPECIALSCHEDULElVL-STREET LIGHTING. Please give the number of miles of mains laid, and the number of wells, public and private, in each ward in the city: Report of the City of . _, County of .. , State of " for the year ending December 31, 1889. M'l f Num- U'l f Num- U'l f Num- , H'l f Num- Wards. I I ~sa ber of Wards. lYLI~S? ber of 'iVards. luI ~s0 ber of i Wards. ltd ~s0 ber of maIns. wells. maIns. wells. mallls. wells.' 1 mams. wells. vVhat is the total number of all street lamps in the city? How many of these are private? ~L::::------I Please give the number of each class of public lam.ps, and the annual cost to the city L:::::------n:::::------;L::------of each class of lamps: 3 ------13 .. -- . 23 ..... 133 ..... 4...... 14 __... 24 .. _.. 34 .. __. . 5 . -- . .. 15 .. . .. 25 ... __ 35 __ .. Annual cost 6 ...... 16 . .. .. 26 .. .. . 36 __ Class of light. Number of to city of each Remarks. lamps. 7 .... -- 17 .. -- . 27 -- -- . I' 37 .. lamp. 8...... 18 . 28..... 38 . 9...... 19..... 29..... 39 __ . 10 .. __.. 20 . .. .. 30 ... .. 40 __ .. Gas . Electric ...... •...... Vapor (a) .. Oil "'I What does the city pay annually for each hydrant? What does the city pay annually for water exclusive of hydrants? a Naphtha, gasoline, etc. If the works are not owned by the city, what benefit does it receive in return for the franchise granted the company? NOTE.-" The annual cost to the city of each lamp" should include the care, light­ What has been the average annual cost of maintenance of the works for the past ten ing, etc., as the actual total cost of each lamp to the city is desired. years? What has been the average yearly income from water-rents for the past ten years. SPECIAJJSCHEDULEN.-vv ATERvVORKS. Please ~rnisha list of the water rates, with a description of the method. or rules, for assessmg the same. Report of the City of ', County of _. _. __, State of , for the year ending December 31, 1889. By whom are the waterworks owned? What has been their total cost to date, aside from cost of maintenance and interest TRA.DE SOCIETIES AND STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS. on debt? i Describe the scource of supply, with area of its drainage basin and character of ( [Three of the schedules used at the census of 1880 called for a separate retmn for country lying within it. t.,i each organization or society, and where the inquiries are tabular in form they have What is the total daily capacity of the supply [gallons]? been so reproduced. The schedule calling for a statement of the date of entrance of Please state briefly but completely the system of works in use and what system of ( members, age at entrance, and date when membership terminated is tabular in form, filtration, if any, is connected with the system [i. e., gravity, pumping-either the inquiries being printed at the heads of columns and the entries made on horizontal direct or to standpipe, or to reservoir-artesian wells, etc.]? cross lines, for which 25 spaces are provided on each sheet.] How many reservoirs are connected with the system, and what is their total capacity [gallons]? . CENSUS OF 1880. Number; total capacity. I1 What are the dimensions of, and of what material is, the standpipe? Height, __-- -_ SPECIALSCHEDULE.-,]~RADESOCIETIES. feet. Diameter-top, feet; bottom, feet; material. ( What is the full daily capacity of the works [gallons]? 1. Name of society. What is the full daily pumping capacity of the works [gallons]? 2. Post-office address of the central office: state; county; town or city. What is the average daily consumption [gallons]? 3. Who is the presiding officer?· . What is the highest and lowest point of supply in city [feet above mean sea-level]? 1 4. What is his official title'? and his post-office address-state; county; town or city. Highest; lowest. 5. vVho is the secretary or officer in charge of the records and correspondence? What is the pressure in the mains [los. to sq. in.]? Domestic; fire. 6. What is his official title? and his post-office address-state; county; town or city? Please enumerate the several parts of the distribution system, as indicated below: i 7. Is your society local or has it branches in various sections of the country? I 8. What is the title of the local branches of your union, as lodges, forges, divis­ I ions, etc? Mains. Number Number Number 9. If not local, please state the area or district within which it operates. Number Number of wa- ofstand- Number Number of of hy- of foun- tering pipes for of taps. of water j, 10. Give date of organization of your society. :Miles of- Material of- drants. tains. troughs. streets. valves. meters. 11. Under what circumstances was it organized'? ------12. Please state what trade or trades the members of your society represent. 13. Please state in as brief a manner as possible the principal objects of your organiza­ tion. r 14. vVill you please fill up the following blank, showing the number of actual mem­ I bers during the past eleven years? I ------'-_._---- States. --1870. --1871. --1872; ._-1873, --1874. --1875. --1876. --1877. --1878.---- 1879. 1880. (a) The territories __. Total .

(a) A blank line is printed after the name of each state in the schedule. 810 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 811 15. vVhat proportion do the members of your society bear to the workmen in the same trade who are not members? 16. What is the amount of dues or subscription per member? SPECIALSCHEDULE.-NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS. 17. vVhat has been the gross income of the society dming each of the eleven years ending May 31, 1880, if yom society has been established so long? 1870; 1871; Name of society. 1872; 1873; 1874; 1875;, 1876; 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880. Name of secretary. 18. \Vhat has been the total yearly cost of conducting the business of the organization; Post-office address. that is, for salaries, office expenses, printing, expenses of officers, etc.? 1870; (The above repeated five times in printed schedule.) 1871; 1872; 1873; 1874; 1875; 1876; 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880. 19. "\Vhat has been the amount expended each of the past eleven years for the objects SPECIALSCHEDuLE.-MEMBERSHIP IN TRADE AND LABOR ORGANIZATIONS. named? I ------Society or company, of the Town of , of the Oounty of , of the State of _ Amount expended. (Signed by) ., Objects. J ------1---1--- 1870. 1871. --1872. ----1873. 1874. ------1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. Secntary. Sick relief ,". Statement made to the Superinten~entof Census, showing the date at which each Burial fund . entered above SOCIety (column 1) . his age time (column 2) . Superannuated fund . member the at that Accidents . and the date at which his membership termin~ted-ifotherwise than by death For support of traveling mem- I (column 3a); if by death (column 3b). bers ~""""""" 1. Date of entrance into the society: For conducting trade disputes .. Donations to members or their Month. families '" _ . Year. For other causes (mentioning 2. Age at entrance. causes if possible) . 3. Date of termination of membership: (a) 1£ otherwise than by death: 20. What is and has been the amount of your reserve fund, if any? 1870; 1871; 1872; Month. 1873; 1874; 1875; 1876; 1877; 1878;.1879; 1880. Year. 21. Can you furnish a table or tables of the average or recognized rates of wages in (b)1£ by death: your trade at various dates and various places in the country during a series of I Month. years so as to show the fluctuations of wages? (Inclosed with this will be , Year. found a wages schedule prepared by this office, which we would be glad to ~' have filled out as to your trade. Any number of copies that you may desire SPECIALSCHEDuLE.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS. will be forwarded to you or such parties as you may suggest.) ( 22. Will you state briefly the origin and result of every strike or lockout in your Name of works. trade within the last five years? ( Location: Town or city; county; state. 23. Will you please fill out the blanks in the inclosed wages schedule as to hours of Name of individual, firm, or company operating works. labor? Post-office address. 24. What is the practice in your trade as to the hiring of women and children? \ Kind of goods manufactmed or produced. 25. Have you any information you can give as to the truck system in your trade, the What was the alleged cause of the strike or lockout? localities in which it is enfOTced, relative prices, etc.? f How many employees were directly concerned in it? 26. Will you please state your judgment and the general impression of your mem­ Ho~many employee~in the :works in which the, trouble occmred, who were not bers as to the safety and healthfulness of your occupation, and, if possible, .dlrectly c(;mcerned 111 the stnke or lockout, were laid idle by reason of the same? give tables showing the special diseases to which members of yom trade are GIVe an estImate of the number of employees of works other than those in which liable, and the special dangers connected with pursuing your occupation, giv­ .the trouble originated who were laid idle by this strike or lockout. ing total number of deaths from accidents for a series of years? GIve the number of working days the strike or lockout continued. 27. Will you please inclose in your return, so far as you have them and can do so What was the total loss iI~wages to those directly engaged in the strike or lockout? without any violation of confidence, any documents, written or printed, bear­ Wh~t.was the total loss 111 wages to those employed in the works when the trouble ing on the subject of tb;is iJ?-ve~tigation,such as: ongmated who were not engaged in the strike or lockout but were idle by reason A copy of your constltutIOn,rby-laws, etc. clill ' Annual and occasional reports of the same. Give an esii~ate?f the amount of wages lost by the employees of other works by A copy of any customs or laws, not printed. reason of thIS stnke or lockout. Any statements, advertisements, pamphlets, defenses, or other papers pub­ vVhat was the result of the strike; that is, 011 what terms was work resumed? lished by either employers or workmen, during or relating to, a strike or What proportion of ~hestrikers were given their old places? lockout, or relating to trades' societies or employers' associations. Were there any stnkes or lockouts in the same works or business in the years 1878 Any newspaper giving reports or notices of trades' arbitrations, meetings, or and 1879? 1£ so, please give a brigf account of the same. any other events arising out of, or in any way connected with, trades' soci­ eties or employers' associations. Any local pamphlets published upon the subject. Any other local documents bearing upon the subject. 28. Please make on the blank pages which follow any statement t~atyou may choose that you think would be of importance to this investigation and of value to the public at large. HISTORY .AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 813 812 HISTORY .AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. ROAD PARTIALLY CONSTRUCTED, IN PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION, AND PROJECTED BY THIS COl'.rPANY. TRANSPORTATION. Present status of the work. From- 1'0- Miles. [The,special schedules used at the censuses of 1880 and 1890 called for a separate return tor each company to which sent, and where the inquiries are tabular in form Partially constructed-proj ect abandoned ... they have 'been so reproduced.] Partially constructed-stopped temporarily. In process of construction . Definitely located-work not yet begun . CENSUS OF 1880. Projected .

SPECIAL SCHEDULE.-R.AILRO.ADS. RECAPITUI,ATION. Information respecting the Physical Characteristics of the railroad. furnish ed to the Superintendent of Census by _ Miles of- Post-office; County; State. Description. Second Date for which return is made .. __-'J 1880. Road. S!c1ing, I track. (a) etc. (6) HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION. (a) ---~I'-I Total finished road owned by this company . . Total road operated by this company . Total road partially constructed, projected, etc . Year when built. From:- 1'0- Miles.

a That is, double track. b Include third and fourth tracks, etc. (b) (b) (b) (b) Total June 30,1880 . STATISTICS RELATING 1'0 GRADES AND CURVES.

a If this information can not be given with exactness, please give careful cstimates. Division, scction (a), or branch. Alignment. b A page of blank lines is printed in schedulc. Length. Length of tan- Length of curved Total curvature. STATEMENT OF MILEAGE FOR DATE OF JUNE 30,1880. (a) gents. Number line. From- 1'0- of curves. ROAD OWNED AND OPERATED BY THIS COMPANY. ------Miles. ----100ths. ---Miles. ----100ths. ------Miles. ----100ths. ---Deg. ----Min. Extending- Miles- (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) Division, section or branch-how designated. Of Second track. From- 'ro- road. (b) Siding, etc. (e) PROFILE. (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) Ascending grades. Descending grades. Length of level a Other portions of this report may be made for any date during the year 1880. 'rhis statement should track. Length of Maxi- Lenth of :Maxi- in every case be for date of June 30,1880. grades. grades. b That is, double track. Num- Sum of mum Num- Sum of mum her of ascents (feet ber of descents (feet c Include third and fourth track, etc. grades. dSeveral blank lines are printed in schedule. Miles. 100ths. (feet) . lYIiles. 100ths. per grades. (feet) . Miles. 100ths. per --- mile). ------mile) . ROAD OWNED BY OTHER CORPORATIONS-OPERATED BY 'fHIS COMPANY UNDER LEASE, ETC. ------(b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) Extending- Miles- Corporate title of owning com- aBreak into sections or divisions beginning and ending at termini, .at important cities, and at the pany. summits of principal mountain ranges (if any) . Second track. (b) From- 1'0- Of road. (a) Siding, etc. bA page of blank lines is printed in I:lchec1ule.

(e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) LIST OF ELEVATIONS. > Station. Above datum- Station. Above datum- a That is, double track. plane (feet) .(a) plane (feet). (a) b Include third and fourth track, etc. e Several blank lines are printed in schedule. (b) (b) (b) (b) ROAD OWNED BY THIS COMPANY-OPERATED BY OTHER CORPORATIONS UNDER LEASE, ETC. - a Explanation of datum-plane. Extending- Miles- -. [One blank line is printed in schdule.] Corporate title of operating com . b Two pages of blank lines are printed in schedule. pany. Second track. :From- 1'0- Of road. Siding, etc. (b) (a) Roadway and track: "Vidth of gauge of track; feet; inches. (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) Rails: Steel rail in track at present time-miles; weight per yard. In what year were steel rails first laid on your road? a That is, double track. b Include third and fourth tracks, etc. Cost per ton delivered-at that time; at the present time. e Several blank lines are printed in schedule. Lowest price paid per ton delivered; in what year? 814 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. 815

Roadway and track-Continued. FUEL FOR LOCOMOTIVES. Rails-Continued. - Iron rail in track at present time-miles; weight per yard. Number of tons Average c~st year? Kinds of coal. From what source procured. consumed duro per tall: C!-ehy­ Highest price paid per ton delivered; in what ing the vear. ere9- at dIs.tnb- Lowest price paid per ton delivered; in what year? . utmg pOln t. PresEmt cost per ton delivered. Average life of rails-steel; iron. (a) (a) (a) (a) Cross-ties: Number of ties laid during the year; average cost per tie delivered. Total . Kinds of wood used for ties; kind preferred. Average life of ties of different kinds of wood used on your road. Number of Average cost cords consum- per cord deliv­ Fence posts: Kinds of wood. From what source procured. I ed during the ered at distrib- Number of fence posts used during the year; average cost per post delivered. year. uting point. Kinds of wood used for fence posts; kind preferred. Average life of posts of different kinds of wood used on your road. (a) (a) (a) (a) Miscellaneous: Other unsawed timber for fencing, bridging, and other purposes-amount Total . used during the year; value of same. Are the ties, fence posts, and other unsawed timber used on your road pro- a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. cured on the line thereof? . If not, from what source are they procured? At what price per cord is wood equivalent in value to coal at its cost price to you? Grovvth and preservation of timber: Have any trees been planted by your company during the last ten years? ROLLING STOCK MANUFACTURED AT COMPANY'S SHOPS. If so, please state what number, what kinds, and, if possible, what number of each kind. Average Average No. Class. weight. No. Class. weight. What is the present condition of such plantations? (Pounds.) (Pounds.) Have any of the various processes for preserving timber been adopted on your road? Locomotives, drivers . Cars,sleeping, parlor and dining If so, what particular process or processes, and with what success? Locomotives, drivers . Cars, baggage, mail, and express Please give information in the form below respecting elevators used by your road: [3 blank lines.l Cars, freight, box .. Cars, passenger, first-class . Cars, freight, platform . Cars, passenger, second-class .. Other rolling stock (specifying Storage ca- Daily handling Cars, passenger . same) . Owned or [7 blank lines.] Where located. pacity capacity rented. (bushels.) (bushels). I

(a) (a) (a) (a) REPORT of the .. . Railroad Company to the Superintendent of the Tenth Census for the year ending May 31, 1880. a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. Proper address of the company. [Give corporate name of company, and the place What is the present average charge per bushel for storage of grain at the ele- of principal business office.] vators above named? For the first ten days-in summer; in winter. GENERAL EXHIBIT FOR THE YEAR. For each subsequent ten days-in summer; in winter. 1. Total income. How is grain carried? Sacked, per cent of whole. In bulk, per cent of whole. 2. Total expense (including taxes) . is present average for transportation of grain What the rate per hundredweight 3. Net income. from principal shipping points to tide-water? 4. Rentals (specifying amount to each company) . From. __ to ; rate per hundred. From. to . .; rate per hun- dred. From _.. to .. ; rate per hundred. From .. ---- to ... - .. ; rate [3 blank lines.] 5. I~t~restaccrued during year-on funded debt; on other debt. per hundred. 6. DIVIdends declared. (..... _ per cent on preferred stock; _. _. _. per cent on com­ Please indicate in the squares below (I[l) in a general way, the nature of the country mon stock). through which your road passes for one-half mile each side of heavy track-the 7. Balance for the year. (a) black lines representing the track-(as, for instance, "Prairie," "Pine forest," 8. Balance at commencement of year. " Cultivated land," "Oak forest," "Coal lands," etc.) Show the location of the Add or deduct entries made in profit and loss account during the year not principal stations by a cross, thus "X Smithville;" of principal streams by an included in the above statement. upright parallel, thus" IIScioto River." 9. Balance at commencement of year as so changed. Please indicate the scale of miles used. 10. Balance May 31, 1880. (a) a A page of squares is printed in the schedule. ANALYSIS OF EARNINGS. From local passengers. through passengers (to and from other roads). express. mails. other sources, passenger department. . Total earnings from passenger department.

a State whether surplus or deficit. 816 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF TEE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 817

From local freight. 13. Total number tons freight carried. through freight (to and from. other roads). 14. Local freight mileage (tons local freight carried 1 mile). other sources, freight department. 15. Through freight mileage (tons through freight carried 1 mile). Total earnings from freight department. 16. Total freight mileage, or tons carried 1 mile. Total transportation earnings. 17. Average weight of passenger trains (exelusive of passengers). Rents for use of road. 18. Average number of cars in passenger trains. Income from all other sources (specifying same). 19. Average weight of freight trains (exclusive of freight). Total income from all sources. 20. Average number of cars in freight train. 21. Miles run by passenger, mail, and baggage cars. (a) ANALYSIS OF EXPENSES. 22. lVIiles run by passenger, mail, and baggage cars. (b) NOTE.-Questions 21 to 32, inclusive, are optional, and are to be answered by 1. Salaries of general officers and clerks. the roads keeping such accounts. 2. Legal expenses. (a) f) 23. Miles run by freight cars. - 0. Insurance. 24. Miles run by freight cars. (b) 4. Stationery and printing. 25. Mileage local passenger. (a) 5. Outside agencies and advertising. 26. Mileage local passenger. (b) 6. Contingencies and miscellaneous expenses. 27. Mileage through pa.ssenger. (a) 7. Repairs of bridges (including culverts and cattle guards). 28. Mileage through passenger. (b) 8. Repairs of buildings. 29. Mileage local freight. (a) 9. Repairs of fences, road crossings, and signs. 30. Mileage local freight. (b) 10. Renewal of rails: Tons of rails. 31. Mileage through freight. (a) 11. Renewal of ties. 32. Mileage through freight. (b) 12. Repairs of roadbed and track. 13. Repairs of locomotives. FHEIGHT CLASSIFICATION. 14. Fuel for locomotives: No. tons coal; No. cords wood. 15. ""Vater supply. Number of tons carried. 16. Oil and waste. ClaHH. 17. Locomotive service. (a) (a)- ward. (b)- ward. 1'otal. 18. Repairs of passenger, mail, baggage, and express cars. 19. Passenger train service. (a) 1. Grain . 2. Flour ...... •...... 20. Passenger train supplies. 3. Provisions . 21. lVIileage, passenger cars. (b) 4. Cotton . 22. Repairs of freight cars. 5. Live stock . 6. Stone, brick, lime, cement, sand, and clay . 23. Freight-train service. (a) 7. Lumber and other fozest products . 24. Freight-train supplies. 8. Coal . 25. Mileage, freight cars. (b) 9. Petroleum ______'.. __ _. 10. Pig, bloom, and railroad iron. _ . 26. Telegraph expenses. (c) 11. Manufactures .. 27. Loss and damage, freight and baggage. 12. Merchandise and other articles . 28. Loss and dan1.age, property and cattle. Total _ __ __ . 29. Personal injuries. 30. Agents and station service. (a) 31. Station supplies. a East or north (stating which). b West or south (stating which). 32. Total operating expenses. 33. Taxes-State; municipal; national. BALANCE SHEET: ASSETS. 34. Total operating expenses and taxes. Construction account. 35. Total amount pay rolls for the year. Equipment account. Other permanent investments (as follows) : MILEAGE, THA:B'FIC, ETC. Lands in. Lands in. 1. Passenger-train mileage. (d) Stock of. 2. Freight-train mileage. (d) . Stock of. 3. Switching-train mileage. Stock of. 4. Other train mileage. Bonds of. 5. Total train mileage. Bonds of. 6. Number of season-ticket passengers. (e) Bonds of. 7. Number of local passengers (including season). Telegraph lines. 8. Number of through passengers. Cash items (as follows) : 9. Total number of passengers. Cash. 10. Total passenger mileage, or passengers carried 1 mile. Bills receivable. 11. Number tons of local freight carried. Due from agents and companies. 12. Number tons through freight carried. Other assets (as follows) : Materials and supplies. a Salaries, wages, etc. Sinking fund. b Debit balances. Debit balances. c Maintenance and wages. Profit and loss balance (if any) . clTo include only the miles shown to be run by distances between stations; allow­ Total assets May 31, 1880. ances made to passenger or freight trains for switching to be included in answer to question 3. a East or north (stating which) . b West or south (stating which). eComputing 12 passengers per week for time of each ticket. S. Doe. 194--52 818 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. 819 BALANCE SHEET: LIABILITIES. Capital stock. Equipment: Funded debt. 1. Number of locomotives. Unfunded debt (as follows) : 2. Number of passenger cars. - Interest unpaid. 3. Number of mail, baggage, or express cars. Dividends unpaid. 4. Number of freight cars (on basis of 8 wheels). Notes payable. 5. Number of other cars. Vouchers and accounts. 6. :Maximum weight of locomotives in working order. Profit and loss balance (if any) . 7. Average weight of locomotives in working order. Total liabilities :May 31, 1880, as per books of company. 8. :Maximum weight of tenders full of fuel and water. Present or contingent liabilities not included in the balance sheet. 9. Average weight of tenders full of fuel and water. Bonds guaranteed by this company or a lien on its road (specifying same). 10. :Maximum weight of passenger cars. Overdue interest on same. 11. Average weight of passenger cars. Other liabilities (specifying same). (a) 12. Average weight of mail and baggage cars. 13. Average weight of 8-wheel box freight cars. GENERAL INFORMATION IN REGARD TO ROAD. 14. Average weight of 4-wheel box freight cars. Capital stock: 15. Average weight of 8-wheel platform cars. 16. Average weight of 4-wheel platform cars. 17. Length of heaviest engine and tender, from center of forward truck wheel No. of shares. Common. Preferred. Total. of engine to center of rear wheel of tender. 18. Total length of heaviest engine and tender over all. Authorized by law or charter . 19. Number of locomotives equipped with train brake. Kind of brake. Total issued.. _ .. _. _ _. _.. 20. Number of cars equipped with train brake. Kind of brake. Amount outstanding _ . 21. Number of miles of road furnished with telegraph facilities and by whom owned.

Par value of shares. EXPRESS AND TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES, ETC. Total number of stockholders. Rate of interest or dividend on preferred stock. Brief statement of all existing contracts and agreements with express companies. Funded debt: Amount received from same. Brief stateme:i!t of all existing contracts and agreements with sleeping-car or dining­ Interest, Amount of car compames. Date of Term, rate per interest received from same or to same: Received; paid. Designation of lien. (a) issue. years. Amount. cent per paid dur- Amount paid annum. mg year. Brief statement of all existing contracts and agreements with freight or transporta­ I tion companies. (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) Amount received or paid to same: Received; paid. . . Total. Brief statement of all existing contracts and agreements with other railroad com­ panies, steamboat or steamship companies, or other companies or persons, concern­ aU mortgage bonds, state whether first, second, or third mortgage, etc. ing the transportation of freight or passengers. b Several blank lines are printed in schedule. r Amount received or paid to same: Received; paid. Brief statement of the terms and conditions of all existing leases affecting this com­ Land accounts: ( pany (giving corporate names of parties), including all contingent liabilities.

Government. States. DESCRIPTION OF ROAD. Length (a) of main line -of road from to . Total acres granted . _. __. __.. _. __. __.. __.. __ Length of main line of road in .. . Total acres sold _,_ _. _ , _ '" .. _.. _. l Number acres unsold __. _ . __. __ Length of main line of road in other states. Total amount of sales.. __ " '" .. __. _ I Length of main line of road in other states. Average price per acre sold.. .. ., __ __. Length of double track on main line. ( Same in .. j:. Branches owned by company: Sinking fund. [State amount of sinking fund and the class of bonds for whose I From to . Track (b); length. redemption it'is being provided. ] [Track, etc., repeated four times. ] Rates of fare, etc.: ( (Name and description of each single or double track.) Average rate of fare per mile (not including season tickets) for local passengers Total length of branches o'\vned by company. on roads operated by this company. (b) Total length of branches owned by company. Average rate of fare per mile received from passengers to and from other roads. ( Length of branches owned by company in other states. Average rate of fare per mile for season-ticket passengers. (b) Length of branches owned by company in other states. Average rate of fare per mile received for all passengers. . I Length of branches owned by company in other states. Average rate of local freight per ton per mile on roads operated by thlS Length of double track on branches. company. (ll) l Same in . Average rate of freight per ton per mile 1'eceivedfrom freight to and from other Total length of road belonging to this company. roads. f Aggregate length of sidings and other tracks not above enumerated. Same in ..... (c). a The answer to this question to include estimates, as nearly ~orrec.tas .possible, of all acknowledged liabilities, such as land damages, ~ebtspartially: 111 dIspute, etc., ­ a Length in all cases to be given in miles and decimals. the amount of which can not be absolutely fixed and IS not entered 111 balance sheet. b Whether single or double. b Rate as per published tariff. . I c Naming the different states. 820 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS.

Aggregate length of track, computed as single track. Traffic, etc. : Same in .. (a) . Number of passengers carried. .. Rate of fare per mile for trip-cents. Total length of steel rails in tracks, not mcludmg steel-top ralls. [Weights per yard.] . . Rate of fare per mile compared with railroads for same distance--cents. Roads and branches belonging to other compames, operated by thIS company under Number of tons of freight carried. lease or contract: Rate charged per mile--cents. Name, description, and length of each: From. to .. __; length (b). Rate compared with rail freights for same distance-cents. Average number of persons employed. [Repeated four times.] Kind of fuel used. Total length of above roads.. . Number of tons of coal used. Total miles of road operated by th~scompany..(c) Number of cords of wood used. Total miles of road operated by thIS company.m _. . Class of freight: Number of stations on all roacls operatecl by thIS company. Grain-tons. LIST OF ACCIDENTS. Flour-tons. Provisions-tons. Cotton-tons. From causes be­ From their own Total on whole yond their own Live stock-tons. control. ~rs~l~~~~~~.or road operated. Stone, brick, lime, cement, and clay-tons. Lumber-tons. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Coal-tons. ------1----1'------Petroleum-tons. Passengers _. __ ___ Iron-tons. Employees .. __ _ __.. . Others .___ __._. Iron or&-tons. Manufactures-tons. Merchandise-tons. AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED. Total number of tons. General officers. Accidents: General office clerks. Number of passengers killed or injured. Station men. Number of employees killed or injured. Engineers. Number of other persons killed or injured. Conductors. Total. Other train men. Names of boats: Machinists. Steamers-number. Carpenters. Propellers-number. Other shop men. Yachts-number. Track men. Tugs-number. All others. Total-number. Total average number of persons employed. SPECIALSCHEDULE.-EXPRESS COMPANIES. SPECIALSCHEDuLE.-STEAMBOATS. Report of the . .. Express Company, for the year ending ... _.. Statement of the Steamboat Company, for the year ending _. _. __,] 880. NOTE.-Report should be made for the fiscal year of the company having its termi­ nation nearest to the 1st day of June, 1880. Description of the route. Proper address of the company. (Give corporate name of company, and the location Length of route-miles. of the principal business ,office.) Length of season-months. Oapital stock, etc.: GENERAL EXHIBIT FOR THE YEAR. Amount of capital stock paid in. Number of shares issued. Total receipts for the year.' Par value of stock. Expenses for the year (specified as follows) : Number of stockholders. Amount paid to railroads. Total amount invested in property. Amount paid to steamboats and other vessels. Income: Amount paid to stage (or coach) companies. Income from passengers. Amount paid for salaries. Income from freights. Amount paid for repairs. Miscellaneous income. Amount paid for general expenses. Total income. Amount paid for all other expenses. Expenses: Total. Paid for labor and salaries. I Net income for the year. Paid for fuel. Interest paid on debt. Paid for repairs. Dividends declared (. _.__.. per cent). Other expenses. l Balance for the year. rotal expenses. r BALANCE SHEET, , 18 . Dividends declared ( per cent) . Assets: Franchises. aN aming the different states. Cash. b Length to be given in miles and decimals, and not to include sidings or double Bills receivable. track. Accounts receivable. cNot to include sidings or double track. I Total. HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED ST~TES OENSUS. HIS'1'ORY AN'D GROWTH OF THE DN'ITED STATES OENSUS. 823 Liabilities: Oapital stock. SPECIALSCHEDULE.-TELEGRAPH OOMPANIES. Funded debt. Other debt. Report of the .._ Telegraph Oompany to the Superintendent of Oensus for the Profit and loss. year ending .. .. Total. Proper address of the company. (Give corporate name of company, and the location of the principal business office.) CAPITAL STOCK. GENERAL EXHIBIT FOR THE YEAR. (Par value of shares, ) Receipts from messages sent. Number of j Co=on Preferred Total Receipts from other sources. shares. (amount). (amount). (amount). Total receipts for the year. ,..------1----- Expendes for the year (specified as follows) : Authorized by law or charter . Issued for cash __ _. " __ . Salaries. Issued for dividends _. __.. _. _ __"_ General expenses. Repairs. Total issued _ . All other expenses. Net income for the year. Interest paid on debt. STOCK DIVIDENDS DECLARED. Dividends declared (_. _. _. per cent) . Balance for the year. Number of Total stock Date. Amount. Per cent. issued for BALANCE SHEET, ...•.. ,18•• shares. dividends. Assets-amount: Franchises. Oash. Bills receivable. LENGTH OF LINES OPERATED. Accounts receivable. Total. How operated. .Miles. Liabilities-amount: Oapital stock. Funded debt. By means of railroads __ . __ . By means of steamers or other vessels _ _.. _. _ _ _. Other debt. By means of stages or coaches _ _ _ . Profit and loss. By means of __.. _ _ _ _ _ Total. Total __ _. _ _ _ _.. _ . CAPITAL STOCK. (Par value of shares, ._..... ) Average number of persons employed: Number of Co=on Preferred Total General officers. shares. (amount). (amount) . (amount). General-office clerks. Agents. Authorized by law or charter . Assistants. Issued for cash .. _ _ __ . Messengers. Isssued for dividends _ . Other men employed on trains. Total issued _. Drivers of wagons. All others. Total. STOCK DIVIDENDS DECLARED.

ScHEDULE~-EXPRESS Date. Number of SPECIAL BUSINESS. .A.mount. Per cent. shares. Return of the express business carried on by . for the twelve months ending _. , 1880. (a) (a) (a) (a) Oapital invested. Total stock issued for dividends .... '. __..... , .... _.... Total receipts. Total expenses. a Several blank lines are printed in schedule. Length of routes: By railroad. Messages transmitted: By steamers. Number of messages transmitted for the press. By roads, etc. Number of messages transmitted by officers of the United States. Number of persons employed. Number of messages transmitted for private parties. Salaries and wages of same for the year. Total number of messages transmitted. Number of horses used. Description of lines: Number of wagons used. Total length of lines-miles. Total miles of wire. Number of stations or offices. I Principal and terminal stations. 824 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES OENSUS. HISTOR,Y AND GROWTH OF THE. UNITED STATES CENSUS, 825

Equipment and service account: Equipment and service account-Continued. Number of poles set during the year. Number of cells open circuit battery. Average cost of poles delivered at distributing points. Number of cells closed circuit battery. Average length and diameter of poles (or average feet, board measure, in each, Kind of telephone used. if preferred) : Kind of transmitter used. Kinds of wood used. Average number of persons employed: Kinds of wood preferred. General officers. Regions of country from which your poles are prncured. . General office clerks. Average life of poles of the different kinds of wood used on your lIne. Switch operators. Have any of the various processes for preserving timber been applied tothe poles Table operators. on your line? Line and battery men. If so, what process or processes were used, and with what success? Messengers. Are any of your poles sawed or squared when received? All others. If so, what proportion have been so treated? Total. (The last two questions apply chiefly to the extreme Western lines.) Historical: Average number of persons employed: Please state when the telephone was introduced into your city or town, giving General officers. the date when communication was first established between the points for General office clerks. business purposes. Operators. Date of establishing your central district or exchange system. Messengers. Remarks: . All others. Under this head give any essential facts that you may have showing the growth Total. of the telephone-telegraph system in your city or town, together with the first form of apparatus used, etc. SPECIALSCHEDuLE.-TELEPHONE-TELEGRAPH COMPANIES. CENSUS OF 1890. Report of the Telephone-Telegraph Company to the Superintendent of Census, for the date of . SPECIALSCHEDULE.-STEAM RAILROADS. Proper address of the company. (Give corporate name of company, and the loca­ tion of the principal business office.) . Report of , on Transportation by Rail from 1880 to 1889, inclusive. General exhibit for the year: Receipts from rent of apparatus. A.~ANALYSIS OF MILEAGE. Receipts from other sources. Total receipts for the year. Length of Length of ( Total length Length of operated line operated line Expenses for the year (specified as follows) : Years. of line operated line leased or used under Salaries. operated. owned. otherwise trackage For rent and apparatus. controlled. rights. Repairs. All other expenses. ( 1880 " . Net income for the year. 1881 , ~ .. 1882 ~ : .. Interest paid on debt. 1883.: . Dividends declared ( per cent) . 1884 ~...... •....•..•...... •....•.... '. Balance for the year. 1885 c .. 1886 ~ .. [Inquiries numbered 6 to 8 inclusive, in schedule relating to telegraph companies are common to 1887 ...... •..•.•...... ! 1888.' . this schedule and are not here reproduced; except that in inquiry number 7, "Capital Stock," the question '''Part paid up sUbscriptions" is added in the table.] ( 1889 c .. Equipment and service account: Number of circuits. ( EXPLANATIONOF A. Total miles of wire. Average cost per mile. I Give the following facts: First, give name of new lines constructed since 1880, not Number of poles set during the yel!J.,r. included under extension of lines operated, and date at which such lines were put in Average cost of poles delivered at distributing points. . operation; second, give name of lines which, since 1880, by purchase, lease, or con­ Average length and diameter of poles (or average feet, board measure, III each, i tract, have beell absorbed into the operating system covered by this report, and date if preferred) . r of such purchase, lease, or contract; third, give corresponding facts for mileage Kinds of wood used. released from 6peration since 1880 by company making this report, and state towhat Kinds of wood preferred. ii companythe control of such mileage was transferred. Region of country from whicfl your p~lesare procured. . Average life of poles of the dIfferent kmds o~woc:d used on your ~llles. INSTRUCTIONSFOR JYLAKINGREPLYTO QUESTIONS. Have any of the various processes for preservmg tImber been applIed to the poles I on your lines? . By "length of line" is intended miles of single track between terminals. If so what process or processes were used, and with what success? ( Under "line owned" is to be included line which is the corporate property of the Are ~nyof your poles sawed or squared when received? company making report. If so, what proportions have been so ~reated? . ( Under" line operated" is to be included line of the operating system, the receipts (The last two questions apply chIefly to the extreme Western hnes.) from which are included in the income account of the company making report. Number of central offices. Under" line leased or otherwise controlled" is included all mileage making a part Number of subscribers' stations. of the operating system exclusive of line owned and line operated under trackage Number of receiving telephones in use. rights. Number of battery transmitters in use. I