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September 2011 Date of Publication: 21 September 2011 Reptile Rap Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network No.13 | September 2011 ISSN 2230-7079 Date of publication: 21 September 2011 Contents Reptilian fauna of agricultural landscapes of Chembarambakkam Lake, Chennai, Tamil Nadu -- Chime Tsetan & R. Ramanibai, Pp. 2–8 Snakes of Bongaigaon Municipality Area, Assam, India -- Anukul Nath, Hilloljyoti Singha & Abhijit Das, Pp. 9–13 Recent records of the Asian Giant Softshell Turtle Pelochelys cantorii (Gray) (Chelonia: Trionychidae) in northern Kerala, southern India -- Muhamed Jafer Palot & C. Radhakrishnan, Pp. 14–16 www.zoosprint.org/Newsletters/ReptileRap.htm OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD 1 REPTILE RAP #13, September 2011 Reptilian fauna of agricultural landscapes studies have been carried of Chembarambakkam Lake, Chennai, Tamil out on reptiles in Chennai Nadu and its neighboring districts of Chengalpattu-MGR, Chime Tsetan 1 & R. Ramanibai 2 Kanchipuram, Thiruvellore, Kolli Hills, Mannampandal 1,2 Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India and Nagapattinam districts, Email: 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu namely Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Kalairasan India being one of the and bones. Some reptiles are 1999; Aengals 1999, Kumar top 12 mega-biodiversity used for traditional medicinal 1999, Kalaiarasan 2000; countries of the world, boasts purposes (Mahawar & Jaroli Daniels 2001, Ganesh & Mouli a rich herpetofauna with 299 2008). 2007). amphibian species (Dinesh Reptiles occupy a diverse This study was to survey & Radhakrishnan 2009) and range of habitats and the distribution and diversity 506 reptiles (Das 2003). In microhabitats, i.e., they of reptiles in the areas India, reptiles are threatened are found from deserts to around Chembarambakkam by many causes, the main grasslands, from forests to agricultural landscapes. among them is the illegal oceans and from hills to our trade in spite of Indian Wildlife own houses. Tamil Nadu with Study Area (Protection) Act, 1972 (Molur its diversity in ecosystems Chembarambakkam Lake et al. 1998). This involves has a very good potential to (1300’32.69’’N & 8003’36.88’’E) pet trades and the poaching support numerous reptiles, (Image 1) is situated about of snakes, turtles, monitor especially snakes (Daniels 25km southwest of Chennai lizards etc. for their skin, meat 2001). As such, a few beach and the lake is fed by Image 1. Chembarambakkam Lake location 2 REPTILE RAP #13, September 2011 two major water channels distribution. for easy analysis in future. running through Chennai City, The climate of Dodd (2003) has classified that is, Adyar and Cooum. The Chembarambakkam Lake the sampling methods into lake covers an area of 357km2 area is tropical wet and three groups: active sampling, with its catchment and the dry, with a hot dry summer easy passive sampling, and 9km lake bund was once a season prevailing during the intensive passive sampling. major source of drinking water months from March to June. The latter two involve designing (Daniels & Rajagopal 2004). The monsoon season is from and laying traps for the The area lies near one of the July to October and the warm target species, for example, large fresh water bodies near winter from November to making cover-boards, PVC Chennai City managed by the March. pipe refugias, drift fences etc. public works department; it A few studies have been The trapping method though is free of encroachments and done on the reptiles of the efficient was unfeasible in pollution. area as compared to fishes and this survey because of the The lake also serves as birds of Chembarambakkam. size of the survey field, the an irrigational water source This survey will provide a base long gaps between field visits, for neighboring fields with for further studies and the possibilities of traps numerous water outlets in getting stolen or damaged by the form of sluice gates and Methods other grazing animals. Active small water channels. The Before the initiation of the sampling was carried out for present study was primarily actual reptile survey, a list this survey and the method focused on the east face of of microhabitats, which were involved is quadrant survey. Chembarambakkam Lake found in the landscapes, was Quadrant survey: It is close to the road which joins prepared. Along with the almost the same as transects the NH-4 and Sri Perumbudur reptile, the microhabitat in but instead of walking a path Highway. A short stretch of Sri which it was found was noted, length, quadrant involves Perumbudur Highway (800m) with the time for analysis of surveying a sampling area. outside Kunrathur forms the the reptile’s microhabitat Sizes of the sampling area can collection site of road-kills. preference, spatial distribution be variable based upon the In the National Wetland etc. The microhabitats were habitat type. For example, Conservation Programme as follows (Table 1): in forests the quadrant area (NWCP), 115 wetlands have 1. On walls or buildings must be kept small (10 X 10 been identified in India and in 2. Inside Burrows m) whereas in open fields the Ramsar convention of wetland 3. Under rocks and other area can be kept larger (20 conservation, 25 spots in India debris fall under its list of important 4. Less than 2m high on international wetlands. tree or bush Table 2. Microhabitat preferences Though not in the list, 5. More than 2m high on by Lizards Chembarambakkam Lake and tree or bush. its flanking areas (wetlands) 6. Near water Micro Habitats Lizards constitute diverse groups of 7. In water On Walls/buildings 13 local flora and fauna especially 8. Open ground Burrow 0 in fishes and aquatic birds Under rock/debris 34 (Daniels & Rajagopal 2004). These microhabitats along < 2m on tree/bush 27 A few studies on the reptiles with the major habitat, times > 2m on tree/bush 32 of Chembarambakkam Lake for the start and end of the Near water 0 have been carried out, there survey, weather conditions In water 0 by providing a good source etc. were formulated into a Open ground 125 of data on their diversity and data sheet for use in the field Total 231 3 REPTILE RAP #13, September 2011 Image 2. Chembarambakkam landscape showing location of the snakes observed during the study period X 20 m). In this survey, a (Squamata and Testudines), high affinity towards open quadrant size of 20 X 20 m was nine families and 19 genera ground microhabitat, but used as most of the habitats of reptiles were documented nevertheless stayed close to were open land or lake bund from the Chembarambakkam some bush clumps or rock with mild vegetation. Target Lake area (Table 2). This debris for quick retreat. species encountered within included live individuals as Twenty-six percent of lizards these quadrants were noted well as road kills and sloughs preferred trees or bushes, down along with the time and collected. Out of 22 species especially Calotes versicolor. the microhabitat in which they reported, 20 species were at This species was seen on were found. Sloughs were lower risk, for one species the ground only to forage for collected and documented Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, ants or to bask. 15% (mostly (see transect section) (Image 1758) the data was deficient geckoes and few skinks) were 2). Photographs were taken and one species Varanus found sheltering under rocks for documentation and in bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) and other debris. Hemidactylus case of unidentified species, was vulnerable. brookii was the chief occupant for identification. Handling Microhabitat usage: Only of this microhabitat and two of dangerous animals like live individuals were considered Lygosoma punctata were venomous snakes was avoided for assessing the microhabitat found under rock debris. altogether. usage by each group of these reptiles. Sloughs and road Discussion Observation kills were discarded for this A total of 30 quadrant During the study a total of assessment. surveys was carried out in 278 reptiles were encountered Around 54% of the lizards this present study for the which included live animals, observed were found in the collection of data. During the road kills and sloughs. open ground (either foraging or study a total of 278 reptiles Twenty-two different species basking). Sitana ponticeriana were encountered. Among belonging to two orders and Eutropis carinata showed the squamates, agamids 4 REPTILE RAP #13, September 2011 Table 1. Checklist of reptile species found in Chembarambakkam landscape SNo Species Name Common Name Snakes 1 Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacepede, 1789) Common Vine Snake 2 Atretium schistosum (Daudin, 1803) Olivaceous Keelback 3 Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801) Common Krait 4 Coelognathus Helena (Daudin, 1803) Trinket Snake 5 Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) Russell’s Viper 6 Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803) Common Bronzeback Tree Snake 7 Gongylophis conicus (Schneider, 1801) Common Sand Boa 8 Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Wolf Snake 9 Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) Spectacled Cobra 10 Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802) Common Kukri Snake 11 Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Rat Snake 12 Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799) Checkered Keelback Lizards 13 Calotes versicolor (Daudin,1802) Indian Garden Lizard (Images 1 & 2) 14 Hemidactylus brooki (Gray, 1845) Spotted Indian House Gecko (Image 3) 15 Hemidactylus frenatus (Dum. & Bib., 1836) Southern House Gecko (Image 4) 16 Lygosoma punctata (Gmelin,1799) Dotted Garden Skink (Image 5) 17 Eutropis bibronii (Gray,1838) Sand Skink (Image 6) 18 Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801) Common Skink (Image 7) 19 Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853) Bronze Grass Skink 20 Sitana ponticeriana (Cuvier, 1844) Fan-throated Lizard (Images 8–10 ) 21 Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) Common Indian Monitor (Images 11 & 12) Turtle 22 Lissemys punctata (Lacépède, 1788) Indian Flapshell Turtle (Image 13) including Sitana ponticeriana given area. Sloughs and As such, the future scope and Calotes versicolor, faecal pellets (scat) of snakes of studies in the same field formed the most common and can be taken as secondary with inclusion of prey and abundant species.
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