DOCSLIB.ORG

Laurentian Upland South Handbook (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laurentian Upland South Handbook (PDF) FORESTRY HANDBOOK For Laurentian Upland South Biophysical Region Itasca County, Minnesota June 2006 I. Background The purpose of this “Forestry Handbook” is to provide managers and foresters with a ready reference that contains detailed information about the environment of each biophysical region and opportunities for producing quality consumptive and non consumptive products. That information is based on objective and verifiable biophysical data that was integrated at each plot and all plots were located in forestland administered by Itasca County Land Department. Contents of this handbook are intended for integrating with proven silviculture principles and practices during the preparation of prescriptions for strategic and project activities. Users of this reference can analyze and evaluate a specific area of forestland and determine its capacity for supporting a proposed use. The reference can also be used for screening large areas of forestland for its capacity for supporting individual uses or combination of uses. Managers and foresters can then make decisions and prepare prescriptions that will have highly predictable results for producing sustainable products, maintaining site quality and substantially reducing risk of any adverse impacts. Each handbook is comprised of description of the biophysical region, description of each biophysical landscape ecological unit (BLEU), an analysis of biophysical information and presentation of opportunities for managing forestland. II. Laurentian Upland South Biophysical Region This biophysical region occupies 158,939 gross acres in the southeast portion of Itasca County and is immediately south of the Mesabi Range. Within this region the population is concentrated in small cities and towns along State Highways 65 and 169 and several paved and gravel county roads. Nashwauk, Marble, Bovey, and Coleraine are small towns in or near this region. There is a significant population of citizens in rural areas along state and county highways. Those citizens work in the mining industry or support businesses, forest industry and support businesses, tourism and support businesses, and a multitude of smaller businesses There are numerous all season roads in this region which provide access to forest operations and the numerous private residences and small farms scattered throughout the region. Farming consists primarily of hobby operations involved in raising livestock and hay and small grain production. Climate Annual precipitation averages 28 inches with 15 inches occurring May through August. Annual temperature averages 38 degrees and the average for May through August is 61. Those averages are based on data from the Aurora, Babbitt, and Virginia weather stations located in the major portion of this region in an adjoining county to the east. Reported average growing degree days is 3296. This region is slightly drier and warmer than the regions immediately north. Local climate conditions are believed to be the cause of contrasting plant communities from some of those in Laurentian Upland North. 1 Glacial Geology Glacial drift is comprised of a mixture of Rainey lobe, Des Moines lobe, and selected areas of Superior lobe deposits. This region represents a contact area between those lobes. There is a mixture of materials ranging from sand, gravel, silt, and clay. Isolated areas have thin glacial drift over bedrock. Superior lobe drift is comprised of reddish brown outwash, till, and lake deposited materials. Rainey drift is yellowish brown which contrasts with the red and brown of the Superior drift. Des Moines deposits tend to be grayish and frequently have a higher content of silt and clay. Thickness of the drift ranges from a couple of feet to more than a hundred feet. Much of the sand is in former glacial river channels, glacial outwash water deposits, and shallow glacial lakes. Terrain A major portion of the Laurentian Upland South region is nearly level which reflects the influence of the glacial melt water associated with river channels, outwash melt water, and glacial lakes. The smooth rounded hills are also sandy which contrast with the local broken and irregular slopes associated with the shallow glacial drift over bedrock. The sandy plains and hills have a low content of rock fragments and only scattered boulders, but in the thin drift areas which are mainly in the northeast portion of the region a high level of rock fragments and boulders are quite common. A local portion of a moraine in the east central part of this region is thick drift with a high level of boulders that are highly visible on the land. Vegetation Trembling aspen, paper birch, red maple, sugar maple, balsam fir, red oak and basswood are common trees in LUS. Black ash is dominant in certain lowlands. Black spruce is common in the bogs and some upland. Tamarack and white cedar are found in some bogs and selected upland sites. There is a sharp contrast between the vegetation in the farm fields and the adjoining forests. There are numerous abandoned fields which are in various stages of succession from grass to shrubs to trees and mixtures of all three. Current plant communities frequently have mature trees and are the result of past wood harvest and natural causes. Structure in plant communities varies widely throughout the Laurentian Upland South region. In the thin drift in the northeast portion of the region there are many plant communities with an elevated over story, a low density shrub layer and a high density layer of forbs and mosses. Mature communities in the sandy plain in the central portion of the region has a moderate to high density shrub layer and a low to moderate density forb layer. In the more fertile uplands and moist valleys the density of the shrubs and forbs tends to increase substantially. Throughout the LUS a majority of plant community have distinct structure comprised of forbs, shrubs and trees. Black spruce dominated communities in the bogs typically have short shrubs and a dense layer of mosses. Variation in species and structure throughout the region is the result of wood harvesting, farming, mining, and significant differences in natural fertility. Some balsam communities have been altered substantially by insects and presently have mixtures of fir reproduction, dense raspberry, and other shrubs. Forest plant communities tend to reflect the influence of a boreal forest 2 environment The following is a list of all species recorded from 32 plots and 305 1/50th fixed radius sample points randomly located throughout Laurentian South Biophysical Region. For additional information for vegetation and quality of land, see the BLEU descriptions in the respective section. USDA SCIENTIFIC COMMON M N H L NAME NAME ABBA ABIES BALSAMEA BALSAM FIR 4 2 1 2 ACMI2 ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM YARROW OR MILFOIL 3 3 3 5 ACPA ACTAEA PACHYPODA WHITE BANEBERRY 3 4 2 1 ACRU ACER RUBRUM RED MAPLE 2 2 3 3 ACRU2 ACTAEA RUBRA RED BANEBERRY 3 3 2 1 ACSA3 ACER SACCHARUM SUGAR MAPLE 3 5 3 1 ACSP2 ACER SPICATUM MOUNTAIN MAPLE 3 2 2 1 ADPE ADIANTUM PEDATUM MAIDENHAIR FERN 2 5 4 1 AGGR2 AGRIMONIA LARGE LEAVED GRYPOSEPALA AGRIMONY 2 3 4 2 ALCR6 ALNUS CRISPA GREEN ALDER 2 1 1 4 ALRU3 ALNUS RUGOSA SPECKLED ALDER 5 2 1 4 AMBR4 AMPHICARPA BRAC- TEATA COMMON HOG PEANUT 3 2 4 3 AMELA AMELANCHIER SPP SERVICEBERRY 3 2 2 4 AMHU AMELA NCHIER COMMON HUMILIS JUNEBERRY 2 3 3 3 AMINC AMELANCHIER COMPLEX INTERMEDIA JUNEBERRY AMLA AMELANCHIER SMOOTH LAEVIS JUNEBERRY 3 3 4 3 AMSA AMELANCHIER RED TWIG SANGUINEA JUNEBERRY 2 2 2 4 AMSAC AMELANCHIER SANGUINEA COMPLEX JUNEBERRY AMSPC AMELANCHIER SPICATA COMPLEX JUNEBERRY ANCA8 ANEMONE CAN- ADENSIS CANADA ANEMONE 3 2 2 4 ANGL ANDROMEDA GLAUCO- PHYLLA BOG ROSEMARY 5 1 1 5 ANMA ANYAPHALIS MARGARIT- ACEA PEARLY EVERLASTING 1 2 2 5 ANNEA ANTENNARIA NEGLECTA var. ATTENDUATA FIELD PUSSY TOES 2 4 3 4 ANQU ANEMONE QUINQUEFOLIA WOOD ANEMONE 4 3 3 4 APAM APIOS AMERICANA GROUNDNUT APAN2 APOCYNUM ANDROSAE- SPREADING 3 MIFOLIUM DOGBANE 1 2 3 5 AQCA AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS SCARLET COLUMBINE 1 3 3 4 ARIAT ARISAEMA ATRORUBENS JACK IN THE PULPIT 3 5 4 1 ARNU2 ARALIA NUDICAULIS WILD SARSAPARILLA 2 2 2 3 ARRA ARALIA RACEMOSA SPIKENARD 3 5 4 1 ARTR ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM SMALL JACK IN THE PULPIT 4 5 3 2 ASCA ASARUM CANADENSE WILD GINGER 4 5 3 1 ASCI ASTER CILIOLATUS FRINGED BLUE ASTER 2 2 2 4 ASCO4 ASTER CORDIFOLIUS COMMON BLUE HEART LEAVED ASTER ASCR2 ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS PRAIRIE-PLUM MILK VETCH 2 3 4 5 ASLA6 ASTER LATERIFLORUS NECKLACE ASTER 2 2 3 4 ASLO9 ASTER LOWRIENUS LOWRY'S ASTER ASMA2 ASTER MACROPHYLLUS LARGE LEAF ASTER 2 2 2 3 ASNO ASTER NOVAE ANGLIAENEW ENGLAND ASTER 3 2 3 4 ASPU5 ASTER PUNICEUS SWAMP BLUE ASTER 4 2 2 4 ASSA ASTER SAGITTIFOLIUS ARROW LEAVED ASTER 2 2 2 4 ASSI2 ASTER SIMPLEX WHITE PANICLED ASTER 3 2 3 4 ASSY ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA DOWNY MILKWEED 2 2 4 5 ASTER ASTER SPP ASTER UNKNOWN SPECIES ASUM ASTER UMBELLATUS FLAT TOP WHITE ASTER 2 2 3 4 ASUN ASTER UNDULATUS L WAVY-LEAVED ASTER ATFI ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA LADY FERN 3 3 2 1 BEAL2 BETULA ALLEGHANIENSIS YELLOW BIRCH 4 5 2 2 BEGL2 BETULA GLANDULIFERA BOG BIRCH BEPA BETULA PAPYRIFERA PAPER BIRCH 3 2 2 5 BEPU4 BETULA PUMILA DWARF BIRCH 5 1 1 5 BICO5 BIDENS CONNATA PURPLESTREAM BEGGARTICKS BIFR BIDENS FRONDOSA DEVILS BEGGERTICK BOVI BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM RATTLESNAKE FERN 4 4 3 1 CAPA CALLA PALUSTRIS WILD CALLA 5 2 1 5 CAPA5 CALTHA PALUSTRIS MARSH MARIGOLD 5 2 2 4 CAPE6 CAREX PENSYLVANICA PENNSYLVANIA SEDGE 1 2 3 4 CAREX CAREX SPP UNKNOWN SEDGE CARO2 CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA HAREBELL 2 2 3 4 CATH2 CAULOPHYLLUM THALIC- TROIDES BLUE COHOSH 3 5 4 1 CEVU CERASTIUM
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transportation and Economic Potential in the Arctic Woods, K
    NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Transportation and economic potential in the Arctic Woods, K. B.; Legget, R. F. This publication could be one of several versions: author’s original, accepted manuscript or the publisher’s version. / La version de cette publication peut être l’une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l’auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l’éditeur. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: Traffic Quarterly, 14, pp. 435-458, 1960-12-01 NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=35ca3993-c5a1-47bc-94ba-3bbe04114bca https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=35ca3993-c5a1-47bc-94ba-3bbe04114bca Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Regions of Minnesota: Level III and IV Maps and Descriptions Denis White March 2020
    Ecological Regions of Minnesota: Level III and IV maps and descriptions Denis White March 2020 (Image NOAA, Landsat, Copernicus; Presentation Google Earth) A contribution to the corpus of materials created by James Omernik and colleagues on the Ecological Regions of the United States, North America, and South America The page size for this document is 9 inches horizontal by 12 inches vertical. Table of Contents Content Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Geographic patterns in Minnesota 1 Geographic location and notable features 1 Climate 1 Elevation and topographic form, and physiography 2 Geology 2 Soils 3 Presettlement vegetation 3 Land use and land cover 4 Lakes, rivers, and watersheds; water quality 4 Flora and fauna 4 3. Methods of geographic regionalization 5 4. Development of Level IV ecoregions 6 5. Descriptions of Level III and Level IV ecoregions 7 46. Northern Glaciated Plains 8 46e. Tewaukon/BigStone Stagnation Moraine 8 46k. Prairie Coteau 8 46l. Prairie Coteau Escarpment 8 46m. Big Sioux Basin 8 46o. Minnesota River Prairie 9 47. Western Corn Belt Plains 9 47a. Loess Prairies 9 47b. Des Moines Lobe 9 47c. Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Drift Plains 9 47g. Lower St. Croix and Vermillion Valleys 10 48. Lake Agassiz Plain 10 48a. Glacial Lake Agassiz Basin 10 48b. Beach Ridges and Sand Deltas 10 48d. Lake Agassiz Plains 10 49. Northern Minnesota Wetlands 11 49a. Peatlands 11 49b. Forested Lake Plains 11 50. Northern Lakes and Forests 11 50a. Lake Superior Clay Plain 12 50b. Minnesota/Wisconsin Upland Till Plain 12 50m. Mesabi Range 12 50n. Boundary Lakes and Hills 12 50o.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoosiers and the American Story Chapter 3
    3 Pioneers and Politics “At this time was the expression first used ‘Root pig, or die.’ We rooted and lived and father said if we could only make a little and lay it out in land while land was only $1.25 an acre we would be making money fast.” — Andrew TenBrook, 1889 The pioneers who settled in Indiana had to work England states. Southerners tended to settle mostly in hard to feed, house, and clothe their families. Every- southern Indiana; the Mid-Atlantic people in central thing had to be built and made from scratch. They Indiana; the New Englanders in the northern regions. had to do as the pioneer Andrew TenBrook describes There were exceptions. Some New Englanders did above, “Root pig, or die.” This phrase, a common one settle in southern Indiana, for example. during the pioneer period, means one must work hard Pioneers filled up Indiana from south to north or suffer the consequences, and in the Indiana wilder- like a glass of water fills from bottom to top. The ness those consequences could be hunger. Luckily, the southerners came first, making homes along the frontier was a place of abundance, the land was rich, Ohio, Whitewater, and Wabash Rivers. By the 1820s the forests and rivers bountiful, and the pioneers people were moving to central Indiana, by the 1830s to knew how to gather nuts, plants, and fruits from the northern regions. The presence of Indians in the north forest; sow and reap crops; and profit when there and more difficult access delayed settlement there.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Herman, Barrett, Chokio, and Morris Quadrangles
    DESCRIPTION OF THE HERMAN, BARRETT, CHOKIO, AND MORRIS QUADRANGLES. By Frederick W. Sardesoii. INTRODUCTION, general trend northeastward, reach an altitude of 2,000 feet, Winnipeg, which discharges through Nelson River into Hud­ GENERAL RELATIONS. and the Mesabi Range stands 2,200 feet above the sea. son Bay. Northeastern Minnesota and a little of northern Although they reach an altitude of 2,000 feet in places along Wisconsin are drained into Lake Superior, part of the St. The area here described lies between parallels 46° 30' and their western margin and in the Turtle Mountains plateau on Lawrence system. The rest of Minnesota, except the extreme 46° and meridians 95° 45' and 96° 15' and includes the the international boundary, the Glaciated Plains elsewhere lie southwest corner, the greater part of Wisconsin, and the Herman, Barrett, Chokio, and Morris quadrangles, comprising considerably lower. In North Dakota and South Dakota and eastern two-thirds of Iowa are drained directly into the upper 834.83 square miles. It is in western Minnesota and includes eastern Nebraska their surface slopes in general eastward to Mississippi, and the remainder of the region mapped in figure the greater part of Grant and Stevens counties and small adja­ a level of about 1,000 feet along the Missouri and to consider­ 2 is drained into the Mississippi through the Missouri. The cent parts of Douglas, Pope, and Big Stone counties. (See ably less in the valley of Red River. In the area east of this State of Minnesota lies in part of each of the four drainage fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Helton-Mayo Farm, Lawrence County, Indiana
    Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 West Washington Street, Room W274 Indianapolis, IN 46204 317-232-1646 National Register of Historic Places – Sample Nomination Form Helton-Mayo Farm, Lawrence County, Indiana Rural properties typically include buildings and structures diverse in age, building materials, and use. Indiana farms were usually diversified operations that practiced a high degree of self- sufficiency. This photo of the Helton- Mayo Farm captures the overall layout of the farmstead. Don’t forget to give your application the big picture as well as the details! This nomination documents a southern Indiana farm that includes an early vernacular brick house, log barn, various special-use farm buildings, as well as a 1950 arched-roof dairy barn. The authors drew on census data, local histories, and evidence offered in the buildings themselves to explain how the property meets the National Register Criteria in the areas of agriculture, settlement and architecture. If you’re having trouble classifying the vernacular architecture of your farm, the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology can help. The map provides the reader with a sense of the organization of the farm and helps define contributing (historic) from non- contributing (non-historic) buildings. Many internet services or county offices provide aerial mapping or other graphic mapping systems that can be used to prepare maps for properties with numerous support buildings. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
    Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Megaliths in the Upland South: Imposing Stones Of
    32 Journal of Alabama Archaeology [Vol. 56, No. 1, 2010] Roper, Donna C. Webb, Clarence 2007 The Origins and Expansion of the Central 1968 The Extent and Content of Poverty Point Plains Tradition. In Plains Village Farmers: Culture. American Antiquity 9:380-394. Bison-Hunting Farmers in the Central and 1977 The Poverty Point Culture. Geoscience and Northern Plains, edited by Stanley A. Ahler Man 17. School of Geoscience, Louisiana State and Marvin Kay, pp. 53-66. The University of University, Baton Rouge. MEGALITHS IN THE UPLAND SOUTH: Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Webb, William S. IMPOSING STONES OF UNCERTAIN FUNCTION Russo, Michael 1939 An Archaeological Survey of Wheeler Basin 1994 Why We Don’t Believe in Archaic on the Tennessee River in Northern Alabama. Donald B. Ball and John C. Waggoner, Jr. Ceremonial Mounds and Why We Should: The Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Case From Florida. Southeastern Archaeology Ethnology, Bulletin 122. United States 43(2):93-108. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Saunders, Rebecca Webb, William S., and David L. DeJarnette 1994 The Case for Archaic Period Mounds 1942 An Archaeological Survey of Pickwick in Southeastern Louisiana. Southeastern Basin in the Adjacent Portions of the States Archaeology 43(2):118-138.: of Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. The term megalith (or menhir) is best known prehistory to record the Standing Stone which in association with large free standing stones once stood near the town of Monterey in Schambach, Frank F. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American 1996 Mounds, Embankments, and Ceremonialism Ethnology, Bulletin 129. United States erected in the British Isles and portions of northeastern Putnam County, (north-central) in the Trans-Mississippi South.
    [Show full text]
  • By Nevin M. Fenneman DEPARTMENT of GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY of CINCINNATI Communicated by W
    GEOLOGY: N. M. FENNEMAN 17 PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION OF THE UNITED STATES By Nevin M. Fenneman DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Communicated by W. M. Davis, November 24, 1916 Various attempts at subdivision of the United States into physio- graphic provinces have been made, beginning with- that of Powell.' The Association of American Geographers, recognizing the fundamental importance of this problem, appointed a committee in 1915 to prepare a suitable map of physiographic divisions. The committee consists of Messrs. M. R. Campbell and F. E. Matthes of the U. S. Geological Survey and Professors Eliot Blackwelder, D. W. Johnson, and Nevin M. Fenneman (chairman). The map herewith presented and the ac- companying table of divisions constitute the report of that committee. The same map on a larger scale (120 miles to the inch) will be found in Volume VI of the Annals of the Association of American Geographers, accompanying a paper by the writer on the Physiographic Divisions of the United States. In that paper are given the nature of the bound- ary lines and those characteristics of the several units which are believed to justify their recognition as such. Though the above-named com- mittee is not directly responsible for the statements there made, many of them represent the results of the committee's conferences. The paper as a whole is believed to represent fairly well the views of the committee, though in form the greater part of it is a revision of a former publication.2 The basis of division shown on this map, here reproduced, is physio- graphic or, as might be said in Europe, morphologic.
    [Show full text]
  • The South: the South's Sub-Regions the South
    4/28/2017 Regional Landscape Studies NORTHLANDS <<<For each region: NORTHEAST COAST Regional Landscapes of the 1. Know its physical MEGALOPOLIS United States and Canada CANADA’S NATIONAL CORE geography. AMERICA’S HEARTLAND 2. Identify its unique The South: APPALACHIA and the OZARKS characteristics. THE SOUTH Diverse Landscapes of 3. Be able to explain the PLAINS and PRAIRES human imprint. Southeastern North America MOUNTAINS and PLATEAUS DESERT SOUTHWEST 4. Discuss its sequence Prof. Anthony Grande NORTH PACIFIC COAST occupancy and eco- ©AFG 2017 HAWAII nomic development. Chapter 6 and parts of 4, 8, 13, 15 2 Vacation area Heat and humidity The South’s Sub-regions The South Growing cities Hurricanes When you think about this region, Southern cooking Major sub-regions: H E A R T L A N D what images come into your mind? Mississippi R delta Civil War • Atlantic Coastal Plain Plantations • Piedmont Beaches/ • Florida Peninsula resorts • Gulf Coastal Plain Bible Belt • Mississippi Delta 3 4 Overlapping Vernacular Other Vernacular Terms Regional Terms of the South Old South: area of the five southern plantation colonies Bible Belt: Coined by a Dixie: origin is uncertain. (MD, VA, NC, SC, GA). journalist during the 1925 Could be from French Deep South: area from South Carolina to east Texas, Tennessee vs Scopes Louisiana currency (dix = excluding peninsula Florida but including the Mississippi Delta region teaching-of-evolution trial. 10) or the Mason-Dixon Upland South: Piedmont and lower elevations of the A region whose people Line (area south of the line). Southern Appalachians. espouse religious o During the American Civil Mississippi Delta: ancient delta of Mississippi River, fundamentalism and War, the song “Dixie” extending S from the Ohio River confluence to the Gulf of Mexico the literal interpretation became the unofficial (not just the deltaic landform of Louisiana at mouth of Mississippi River) of the Bible.
    [Show full text]
  • FIGURE 4 Map Showing Physiographic Provinces and Sections of the Eastern United States (From Fenneman 1938)
    nagement of Central Hardwood Forests The Central Hardwood Region 7 PHYSIOGRAPHY ardwood region is situated in an area that, in the main part, is th the Appalachian system and, except for the northwestern rglaciated (Fig. 4). The primary physiographic regions of the oods are the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, md, Ozark Plateau, and Ouachita provinces (Fenneman 1938). Ridge is the easternmost province in the central hardwood region 1 the south in northern Georgia and extends into southeastern Through Virginia, the Blue Ridge narrows to form a prominent the name "Blue Ridge." The highest elevations in the eastern occur in the Blue Ridge section of western North Carolina. Mount le Black Mountains just northeast of Asheville rises to a height of ~ sea level and, like many of the tallest peaks in the Appalachians, rith a relic spruce-fir forest. tely north and west of the Blue Ridge is the Ridge and Valley xtends from central Pennsylvania in the north to northern Georgia . The Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri pographically to the Ridge and ValleyProvince, and several authors I I I o 125 250 :hey are part of a common feature, part of which is buried in 11 500 miles bama and Mississippi (King 1950; Petersen et al. 1980; Hubler ITI2TI CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION dge and Valley section is very old and geologically complex, having I faulted, folded, and eroded. The ridges are long and narrow with ..-.~/ s through Pennsylvania, western Maryland, and West Virginia (Fig. /_. } iden southward to form the valley of the Shenandoah in Virginia essee farther south.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Days of the Rainbelt
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters University of Nebraska Press Fall 2013 The Last Days of the Rainbelt David J. Wishart University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Wishart, David J., "The Last Days of the Rainbelt" (2013). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 224. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/224 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Buy the Book Buy the Book david j. wishart The Last Days of the Rainbelt University of Nebraska Press Lincoln & London Buy the Book © 2013 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Funds for the index were provided by the unl Research Council. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wishart, David J., 1946– The last days of the rainbelt / David J. Wishart. pages cm. Summary: “A geographical history of eastern Colorado, western Kansas, and southwestern Nebraska during the 1890s drought”— Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8032-4618-8 (hardback: alk. paper) 1. Great Plains—History—19th century. 2. Droughts— Great Plains—History—19th century. 3. Agriculture—Great Plains—History—19th century. 4. Farmers—Great Plains— Social conditions—19th century.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-2720, Pamphlet
    A Tapestry of Time and Terrain Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2720 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey This page left intentionally blank A Tapestry of Time and Terrain By José F. Vigil, Richard J. Pike, and David G. Howell Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2720 U.S. Department of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publica- tion is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. United States Government Printing Office: 2000 Reprinted with minor corrections: 2008 For additional copies please contact: USGS Information Services Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1–888–ASK–USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Text edited by Jane Ciener Layout and design by Stephen L. Scott Manuscript approved for publication, February 24, 2000 2 Introduction are given in Thelin and Pike (1991). Systematic descriptions of the terrain features shown on this tapestry, as well as the Through computer processing and enhancement, we have geology on which they developed, are available in Thornbury brought together two existing images of the lower 48 states of (1965), Hunt (1974), and other references on geomorphology, the United States (U.S.) into a single digital tapestry. Woven the science of surface processes and their resulting landscapes into the fabric of this new map are data from previous U.S. (Graf, 1987; Bloom, 1997; Easterbrook, 1998). Geological Survey (USGS) maps that depict the topography and geology of the United States in separate formats.
    [Show full text]