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Zebra Mussels Invade Kansas (Spread the Message – Not the Mussels)

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Zebra Mussels Invade Kansas (Spread the Message – Not the Mussels) by Douglas Helmke, L.G. Zebra mussels invade Kansas (spread the message – not the mussels) he media like to report that was transported from the caused by removal of microscopic news items that are easy Black Sea (or other infected matter by these mussels can also to explain and can also be waters) in the late 1980s. These negatively affect the environment brought to life with still prolific mollusks have since of sport fish and may encourage pictures and moving video. If a spread by natural currents and more growth of aquatic topic can’t be easily explained, presumably by boats to 20 states vegetation. Tfocusing on its mystery or intrigue can make it newsworthy. A threatening disease, when it The public water community has a new threat that touches the human emotion of will not get much coverage in the mainstream media. fear, can attract a lot of attention. The West Nile Virus was very real Zebra mussels have arrived in Kansas and they are in Kansas a few years ago but likely here to stay. doesn’t get much attention now. There was also something about an influenza virus in Asia recently, by November 2000. Biologists are Zebra mussels reproduce but there was little if anything concerned that zebra mussels will externally when water temperatures reported about it during the negatively compete with native are above 54 degrees Fahrenheit – Beijing Olympics. species of clams and fish that rely and may do so continuously. After The public water community on the same sources of food. fertilization, embryos float in the has a new threat that will not get Zebra mussels also threaten water column and drift with the much coverage in the mainstream recreational facilities like beaches currents. Veligers, or mussel larvae, media. Zebra and docks. Because they attach to feed on microscopic algae and mussels have The inside of arrived in Kansas water intake pipes and they are likely is ideal for zebra here to stay. mussel growth, to Because these the extent the little clams are not mussels can nearly stop the going to make us flow of water. A sick or invade our cross section of household pipe showing plumbing fixtures, zebra mussel they won’t be on blockage is the six o’clock shown at right. Doug Helmke Inset: Water Rights, news tonight. An adult zebra mussel, Source Water Specialist ARCHIVES GRANT OF MICHIGAN SEA COURTESY PHOTOS That’s why it’s usually grows to important that 0.25 to 2 inches industry professionals understand in length.. this threat to educate everyone who has a role in the control of these invaders. rocks and other hard surfaces and bacteria while floating in water. As their shells have razor-sharp they grow in size, the veligers settle What are zebra mussels edges, serious injuries are on filamentous material like algae It is regarded as a fact that possible. Boat motors and the like first, undergo metamorphosis, and zebra mussels were introduced that are submerged for long then move to a hard substrate. into the Great Lakes when a periods of time can also become These juvenile mussels are too freighter discharged ballast water encrusted. Increased water clarity small to be seen (less than 1-mm in 34 THE KANSAS LIFELINE November 2008 There are Web sites such as Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers, www.protectyourwaters.net, and the 100th Meridian Initiative, www.100thmeridian.org, which attempt to educate boaters about this threat. These sites are funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Some of the partners from Kansas listed on the Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers Web site are the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary and Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. The lead agency in Kansas to Prevent the transport of educate boaters and the general nuisance species. public is the Fisheries Section in Clean all recreational equipment. the Department of Wildlife and www.ProtectYourWaters.net Parks (KDWP). In September of this year, KDWP made an on-line instructional video available on The sign on the left may be seen at Perry Reservoir. It provides important information to boat ramp users regarding zebra mussels. The sign at right is another warning sign used by the partners of the newly formed their Web site, http://kdwp.state.ks. Protect Your Waters organization. More information may be found at www.protectyourwaters.net. us/news/KDWP-Info/KDWP-TV. They have also posted signs at size) but may be able to be felt like At the present time, there is a boat ramps where infestation has small grains of sand. In optimal strong effort to control the spread already occurred. Boats and other conditions, juveniles can reach of zebra mussels through public equipment exposed to water in sexual maturity in less than three education. Much more needs to be infected lakes should be washed months. done however. In Kansas, six with 104-degree or hotter water In addition to the biological lakes are now known to have (typical car wash hot water rinse) threat to native species and the infestations. These lakes are or a 10 percent chlorine and water environmental changes of increased El Dorado Reservoir, Winfield solution, or dried for at least five water clarity, zebra mussels pose a City Lake, Perry Reservoir, days to remove or kill species that significant threat to water intake Cheney Reservoir, Lake Afton and are not visible. structures. Because they are filter Marion Reservoir. Further In the lakes that have zebra feeders, the mussels thrive on hard investigation is proceeding at John mussels, public water suppliers are evaluating the options to surfaces that are located in areas Redmond Reservoir and Coffey control them. A lot of research has with high water flow. The inside of County Lake. Presumably, the water intake pipes is ideal, to the been conducted to determine the streams that receive discharge extent the mussels can nearly stop most cost effective methods of from these lakes are also infested. the flow of water. control. It has been reported that WHOLESALERS OF PIPE VALVES FITTINGS WATERWORKS SANITARY SEWER STORM SEWER 15347S. 169 Hwy Olathe, KS 66062 (913) 829-3300 WAYNE RUNNELS Fax: (913) 829-3993 Sales Res: (913) 856-6540 Mobile: (913) 837-0562 E-mail: [email protected] 1-800-829-7180 November 2008 THE KANSAS LIFELINE 35 Zebra mussels . Boat motors that wave action above the river are submerged for intake. If there are suitable long periods of time attachment sites for juvenile become severely mussels in the river above the encrusted as seen intake, it is possible that the city here. It is easy to will have to devise a plan to understand how control mussels at the intake. boats can transport zebra mussels from The city of Alma has two lakes one lake to the from which it draws water. One is next. open to the public for recreation and the other is a watershed district lake with access controlled PHOTO COURTESY OF MICHIGAN SEA GRANT ARCHIVES GRANT OF MICHIGAN SEA COURTESY PHOTO by a private landowner. Both lakes occasionally have boats. While the ozone, various chlorine solutions, Two smaller water systems delivery of the message may be hot water, electrical sparking and know of the possible impacts different for the two lakes, mussel-proof coatings have been zebra mussels can cause and are education of the lakes’ boaters to effective at removing and developing plans to mitigate the prevent the introduction of preventing attachment of mussels. threat. The city of Valley Falls mussels into the lakes is At Marion Reservoir, the city of uses surface water from the necessary. The threat of infestation Hillsboro uses potassium Delaware River, and has their permanganate to kill any mussels intake at the upper reach of Perry of Alma’s lakes will increase if that attach to the intake structure Reservoir. Most of the time, water mussels infect popular lakes closer and pipe. The city of El Dorado still flowing downstream to the to Alma such as Council Grove, has hired a consultant to evaluate reservoir is what is diverted and Milford and Tuttle Creek techniques that will ensure treated for use by the city. Reservoirs. compliance with disinfectant However, if water is held in the Kansas Rural Water byproduct regulations and control reservoir above conservation pool Association has joined almost 700 mussel infestation. The for a significant amount of time, it other partners (state, federal and preliminary plans propose the use is possible that zebra mussel tribal governments, schools, clubs, of sodium hypochlorite. veligers could be transported by organizations and businesses) to help stop the spread of aquatic nuisance species at Protect Your Waters. Every public water system using surface water in Kansas is threatened by the zebra mussel. By becoming a partner, you will receive information that can be used to keep local lakes or rivers zebra mussel free. Consider joining now. For more reading on zebra mussels, take a look at this information online: • “Life History and Ecological Requirements of the Zebra Mussel: North American Experience Through 1992,” www.seagrant.noaa.gov/ funding/zmlifehistory.html • “Unusual Conditions Take Toll on Zebra Mussels at El Dorado Lake,” www.kwo.org/KWO% 20HYDROGRAM/Article_ Dec_2007_ZebraMussels.pdf 36 THE KANSAS LIFELINE November 2008 K.A.R. 115-18-10. Importation and possession of certain wildlife; prohibition, permit requirement, and restrictions. A. The importation, possession, or release in Kansas of the following live wildlife species shall be prohibited, except as authorized by terms of a wildlife importation permit issued by the secretary: 1. Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus); 2. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix); 3. Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis); 4. Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus); 5.
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