DOCSLIB.ORG

Multilevel Governing in British Columbia: a Case Study of Residential Development and the Agricultural Land Reserve in the City of Richmond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multilevel Governing in British Columbia: a Case Study of Residential Development and the Agricultural Land Reserve in the City of Richmond Multilevel Governing in British Columbia: A Case Study of Residential Development and the Agricultural Land Reserve in the City of Richmond by Sara Obidi B.A. (Geography), The University of British Columbia, 2015 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Urban Studies in the Urban Studies Program Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Sara Obidi 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Sara Obidi Degree: Master of Urban Studies Title: Multilevel Governing in British Columbia: A Case Study of Residential Development and the Agricultural Land Reserve in the City of Richmond Examining Committee: Chair: Meg Holden Professor of Urban Studies and Geography Patrick J. Smith Senior Supervisor Professor of Urban Studies and Political Science Karen J. Ferguson Supervisor Professor of Urban Studies and History Dion Curry External Examiner Senior Lecturer Department of Political and Cultural Studies Swansea University Date Defended/Approved: February 27, 2020 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This thesis presents a locally specific case study of the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) in the City of Richmond, British Columbia, providing an examination of multi-level governance and government ‘on the ground’ in Canada. The last several years represents a significant period of policy and political change, at both the City of Richmond and the Province of British Columbia, intended to protect ALR land from residential and accessory residential uses as well as the outright exclusion of land from the Reserve. Yet, a lack a cooperation and policy coordination between, across and within federal, provincial, regional, and municipal scales has allowed such exclusions and the increased residential and accessory residential development of land within the ALR to occur. Such policy discord and inconsistencies are largely attributable to several challenges inherent in the multi-jurisdictional character of the ALR with sometimes competing and conflicting interests between government scales and conflicting private and public interests. Most significant has been a lack of political will to act and the passing off of jurisdictional responsibility between government levels. Moving forward, further province-wide regulation limiting non-agricultural uses of ALR lands while allowing for continued municipal flexibility in regulating below these provincial benchmarks is needed. Such increased provincial regulation would allow for greater consistency between municipalities as well as urban and agricultural areas within cities, reducing the appeal of ALR lands for residential and accessory residential development. Keywords: ALR; ALC; City of Richmond; Multi-Level Governance iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Patrick Smith for his patience, understanding and guidance throughout this process. I have been extremely fortunate to have such an outstanding supervisor who genuinely cares about the success of his students and could not have completed this program without his support. Thank you also to my defense committee Karen Ferguson and Dion Curry, whose feedback in helping to focus and clarify my work has been much appreciated. Additionally, I would like to thank the staff at the City of Richmond, the British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural Land Commission for their assistance with this project. Thank you as well to this study interviewees and those who allowed the use of their personal archival material in this study. The gracious contribution of their time and expertise on this subject matter was invaluable to the completion of this work. Finally, thank you to my family and friends. Your support and encouragement throughout graduate school have made the completion of this degree possible, even when it seemed that there was no end in sight. I am extremely thankful and share this achievement with you. v Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................ ii Ethics Statement ............................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures................................................................................................................... ix List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................ x Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. The Creation of the B.C. Agricultural Land Reserve ............................................... 2 1.2. The ALR’s Success in Protecting Agricultural Land from Non-Farm Uses in a Multi-jurisdictional Context ................................................................................................ 6 1.3. Research Problem and Question ............................................................................ 8 1.4. The Significance of a City of Richmond Case Study ............................................. 11 Chapter 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................... 18 2.1. Regional Planning and the “Cities in a Sea of Green Vision” Seeking to Protect an Agricultural Land Base from Non-Agricultural Development ........................................... 18 2.1.1. The Impacts of Inter-governmental Relations on The Development of the Regional “Vision” ......................................................................................................... 18 2.1.2. The Challenges of Implementing the Regional “Vision” within a Multi- jurisdictional Context ................................................................................................... 21 2.2. Multi-Level Governance in British Columbia ......................................................... 25 2.2.1. Multi-Level Governance and its Impacts on Policy Cooperation and Coordination ................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.2. Policy Creation and Change in the Context of a Multi-jurisdictional ALR ...... 30 2.3. The Peri-Urban as a ‘Contested Ground’ for Policy Development and Change ... 34 2.4. Past Studies of the ALR and Current Gaps in Scholarly Literature ....................... 37 Chapter 3. Methodology ............................................................................................ 40 3.1. Documentation ...................................................................................................... 40 3.2. Interviews .............................................................................................................. 40 3.3. Land Use Change Analysis Using ArcGIS ............................................................ 41 Chapter 4. Contextual Background .......................................................................... 45 4.1. Federal Government Policies Impacting Non-Agricultural Development of B.C.’s ALR .............................................................................................................................. 45 4.2. Provincial Policies Impacting Non-Agricultural Development of B.C.’s ALR ......... 48 4.3. Metropolitan Policies Impacting Non-Agricultural Development of B.C.’s ALR ..... 59 4.4. Municipal Policies Impacting Non-Agricultural Development of B.C.’s ALR: The Case of Richmond........................................................................................................... 61 vi Chapter 5. The Challenges of Protecting Agricultural Land from Residential Development in an MLG Context ....................................................................... 76 5.1. Challenges Related to Transparency and Trust .................................................... 76 5.2. A Lack of Accountability and Political Will ............................................................. 78 5.3. The Reactive Nature of Policy Creation and Enforcement .................................... 83 Chapter 6. Exclusion and Non-Farm Use Analysis of ALR land ............................ 85 6.1. Examples of Significant ALR Exclusions in B.C. ................................................... 85 6.2. Total Land Excluded from the ALR in the City of Richmond ................................. 89 6.3. Residential and Accessory Residential Development of ALR Lands in the City of Richmond ........................................................................................................................ 91 Chapter 7. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................... 100 7.1. Location, Location, Location: A City Nested in Multiple Scales of Land Use Conflict ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UBCM Community Excellence Awards Application Now Available
    REGIONAL COUNCIL INFORMATION PACKAGE June 28, 2007 Page Calendars 5 Regional Council Calendar NRRD/Town Departments 6 REC. SERVICES Poster Re: Canada Day in the Park 7 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING SERVICES Notice Re: Tourism Strategic Plan Public Consultation Meeting, NLC, July 10th UBCM 8-9 Notice Re: Inviting Applications for the 2007 Energy Aware Award 10-18 Notice Re: 2007 UBCM Community Excellence Awards Application Now Available 19-20 TOWN OF VIEW ROYAL Submission to Advisory Panel Re: Railway Safety Act Review Page 1 of 66 Page Provincial Ministries 21-22 OFFICE OF THE PREMIER Letter Re: Cabinet Minister Request Form for 102nd UBCM Annual Convention 23 MINISTRY OF HEALTH Letter Re: Tobacco Control Regulatory Discussion Paper Federal Ministries 24 Hon. JAY HILL, P.C., M.P. Notice Re: Call for Applications for Funding Program 'New Horizons for Seniors' Miscellaneous Correspondence 25-29 DONALD E. TAYLOR Letter to Prime Minister Re: Alaska-Canada Utility Corridor 30-34 DONALD E. TAYLOR Letter to Mayor Colin Kinsley Re: Alaska - Canada Utility Corridor 35 DONALD E. TAYLOR Letter to Prime Minister Re: Additional Information 36 DAVID SUZUKI FOUNDATION Letter Re: Copy of Zoned RS-1 (Residential Salmon-1) 37-39 W. ZARCHIKOFF & ASSOCIATES Notice & Registration Re: 4th Regional Forum: Crystal Meth & New Drug Trends, Vancouver, Sept. 13-14th Page 2 of 66 Page Miscellaneous Correspondence 40-43 OFFICIAL OPPOSITION Letter Re: Affects of TILMA on Local Government 44-49 BEN BENNETT COMMUNICATIONS PPS REVIEW - MANAGING WASTE RESPONSIBLY Trade Organizations 50-53 HELLO NORTH Notice Re: Stay Another Day Program - Northeastern BC Events - June 28 - July 4 54-55 TOURISM RESEARCH INNOVATION PROJECT Notice Re: Objectives & Activities 56-59 BC FOREST SAFETY COUNCIL TruckSafe Rumblings Business & Industry 60-62 TERASEN GAS Invitation Re: Terasen Reception at the 2007 UBCM Annual Convention, Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'S Indian-Born Premier
    Contents Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'s Indian-Born Premier In an attempt to hang onto power and to stage a comeback in the court of public opinion after the resignation of Glen Clark, the beleaguered NDP government of British Columbia picks Ujjal Dosanjh as party leader and premier. The former attorney general of the province was selected following a process that itself was not without controversy. As a Canadian pioneer, Dosanjh becomes the first Indian-born head of government in Canada. A role model as well, the new premier has traveled far to a nation that early in the 1900s restricted Indian immigration by an order-in-council. Ironically, Dosanjh, no stranger to controversy and personal struggle, is the grandson of a revolutionary who was jailed by the British during India s fight for independence. Introduction The Ethnic Question A Troublesome Inheritance An Experiential Education The Visible Majority Multiculturalism in Canada Racial History in Canada Discussion, Research, and Essay Questions Comprehensive News in Review Study Modules Using both the print and non-print material from various issues of News in Review, teachers and students can create comprehensive, thematic modules that are excellent for research purposes, independent assignments, and small group study. We recommend the stories indicated below for the universal issues they represent and for the archival and historic material they contain. Vander Zalm: A Question of Accountability, May 1991 Glen Clark: Mandate Squandered? October 1999 Other Related Videos Available from CBC Learning Does Your Resource Collection Include These CBC Videos? Skin Deep: The Science of Race Who Is A Real Canadian? Introduction Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'s Indian-Born Premier On February 19, 2000, political history was made in British Columbia when the New Democratic Party chose Ujjal Dosanjh to be its new leader, and as a result, for the first time in Canada, an Indo-Canadian became head of government in a provincial legislature.
    [Show full text]
  • Directors'notice of New Business
    R-2 DIRECTORS’ NOTICE OF NEW BUSINESS To: Chair and Directors Date: January 16, 2019 From: Director Goodings, Electoral Area ‘B’ Subject: Composite Political Newsletter PURPOSE / ISSUE: In the January 11, 2019 edition of the Directors’ Information package there was a complimentary issue of a political newsletter entitled “The Composite Advisor.” The monthly newsletter provides comprehensive news and strategic analysis regarding BC Politics and Policy. RECOMMENDATION / ACTION: [All Directors – Corporate Weighted] That the Regional District purchase an annual subscription (10 issues) of the Composite Public Affairs newsletter for an amount of $87 including GST. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: I feel the newsletter is worthwhile for the Board’s reference. ATTACHMENTS: January 4, 2019 issue Dept. Head: CAO: Page 1 of 1 January 31, 2019 R-2 Composite Public Affairs Inc. January 4, 2019 Karen Goodings Peace River Regional District Box 810 Dawson Creek, BC V1G 4H8 Dear Karen, It is my pleasure to provide you with a complimentary issue of our new political newsletter, The Composite Advisor. British Columbia today is in the midst of an exciting political drama — one that may last for the next many months, or (as I believe) the next several years. At present, a New Democratic Party government led by Premier John Horgan and supported by Andrew Weaver's Green Party, holds a narrow advantage in the Legislative Assembly. And after 16 years in power, the long-governing BC Liberals now sit on the opposition benches with a relatively-new leader in Andrew Wilkinson. B.C.'s next general-election is scheduled for October 2021, almost three years from now, but as the old saying goes: 'The only thing certain, is uncertainty." (The best political quote in this regard may have been by British Prime Minister Harold MacMillan who, asked by a reporter what might transpire to change his government's course of action, replied: "Events, dear boy, events." New research suggests that MacMillan never said it — but it's still a great quote!) Composite Public Affairs Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • BC HYDRO with All New Gi,Tech Design Is Herd MOLSOHCANADIAN MCALPINE& CO
    What it all means: Laugh yourself silly The Midas touch Find out how the Chretien govern- Terrace Little Theatre's production Everything they touch is golden - ment's spending plan affects you of "Suitehearts" will make you Terrace's junior curlers win at the and your money.kNEW$ A5 howI!\COMMUNITY B1 B.C. Winter Games\SPORTS !]5 WEDNESDAY March 8, 2000 $1.00 PLUS 7¢ GST mm m m ($1.10 plus 8¢ GST outside of the T, N DA o11 Jl__J VOL.'--'- 12 NO. Fears raised over school start By ALEX HAMILTON cause the ministry approval is still trying to track it but we can't find it." school was originally slated for com- on hold, pending on whether or not the SCHOOL DISTRICT administrators based on the original motion that [the A new school, which could cost as pletion as early as 2003. education minister approves the new hope a replacement for aging Skeena new school] will be built on the Skee- much as $11.6-million, is needed to Administrators completed the pa- location for building the replacement Junior Secondary won't be delayed be- na site or on the bench," said school replace 45-year old Skeena Junior perwork explaining the change in for Skeena Junior Secondary. cause of some missing paperwork. district secretary treasurer Marcel Secondary School, which is rundown building site plans last week and had "We can't go ahead and build on The school board last April chan~ed Georges last week. and needs extensive work. it rushed off to education minister its mind on where it wanted to build the bench until the Skeena "Regrettably there was no letter Trustees voted to build the new re- Penny Priddy.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of YOUR MLAS in the PROVINCE of BRITISH COLUMBIA As of April 2021
    LIST OF YOUR MLAS IN THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA As of April 2021 NAME RIDING CAUCUS Bruce Banman Abbotsford South BC Liberal Party Michael de Jong, Q.C. Abbotsford West BC Liberal Party Pam Alexis Abbotsford-Mission BC NDP Roly Russell Boundary-Similkameen BC NDP Janet Routledge Burnaby North BC NDP Hon. Anne Kang Burnaby-Deer Lake BC NDP Hon. Raj Chouhan Burnaby-Edmonds BC NDP Hon. Katrina Chen Burnaby-Lougheed BC NDP Coralee Oakes Cariboo North BC Liberal Party Lorne Doerkson Cariboo-Chilcotin BC Liberal Party Dan Coulter Chilliwack BC NDP Kelli Paddon Chilliwack-Kent BC NDP Doug Clovechok Columbia River-Revelstoke BC Liberal Party Fin Donnelly Coquitlam-Burke Mountain BC NDP Hon. Selina Robinson Coquitlam-Maillardville BC NDP Ronna-Rae Leonard Courtenay-Comox BC NDP Sonia Furstenau Cowichan Valley BC Green Party Hon. Ravi Kahlon Delta North BC NDP Ian Paton Delta South BC Liberal Party G:\Hotlines\2021\2021-04-14_LIST OF YOUR MLAS IN THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.docx Hon. Mitzi Dean Esquimalt-Metchosin BC NDP Jackie Tegart Fraser-Nicola BC Liberal Party Peter Milobar Kamloops-North Thompson BC Liberal Party Todd Stone Kamloops-South Thompson BC Liberal Party Ben Stewart Kelowna West BC Liberal Party Norm Letnick Kelowna-Lake Country BC Liberal Party Renee Merrifield Kelowna-Mission BC Liberal Party Tom Shypitka Kootenay East BC Liberal Party Hon. Katrine Conroy Kootenay West BC NDP Hon. John Horgan Langford-Juan de Fuca BC NDP Andrew Mercier Langley BC NDP Megan Dykeman Langley East BC NDP Bob D'Eith Maple Ridge-Mission BC NDP Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Report of Debates (Hansard)
    First Session, 42nd Parliament OFFICIAL REPORT OF DEBATES (HANSARD) Monday, March 1, 2021 Afernoon Sitting Issue No. 16 THE HONOURABLE RAJ CHOUHAN, SPEAKER ISSN 1499-2175 PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Entered Confederation July 20, 1871) LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR Her Honour the Honourable Janet Austin, OBC First Session, 42nd Parliament SPEAKER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Honourable Raj Chouhan EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Premier and President of the Executive Council ............................................................................................................... Hon. John Horgan Minister of Advanced Education and Skills Training...........................................................................................................Hon. Anne Kang Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries......................................................................................................................Hon. Lana Popham Attorney General and Minister Responsible for Housing .............................................................................................Hon. David Eby, QC Minister of Children and Family Development ....................................................................................................................Hon. Mitzi Dean Minister of State for Child Care......................................................................................................................................Hon. Katrina Chen Minister of Citizens’ Services.....................................................................................................................................................Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Order in Council 673/2001
    PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ORDER OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL Order in Council NO. 6 7 3 „4pproved and Ordered JUL 1 8 2001 ialso"" Lieutenant Governor Executive Council Chambers, Victoria On the recommendation of the undersigned, the Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, orders that the Appointments Order in the attached schedule be made. Presiding M er of e Execu we Council (This part is for administrative purposes only and is not part of the Order.) Authority under which Order is made: Act and section: Public Sector Employers' Act, s. 3 Other (specify) : july 16, 2001 02:28:39 880/2001/13/ca SCHEDULE APPOINTMENTS ORDER 1 In this order: "Act" means the Public Sector Employers Act; "Council" means the Public Sector Employers' Council. 2 The appointments of the following person under section 3 (2) (a) of the Act are rescinded: The Honourable Corky Evans; The Honourable Mike Farnworth; The Honourable Evelyn Gillespie; The Honourable Sue Hammell; The Honourable Edward John; The Honourable Cathy McGregor; The Honourable Joy MacPhail. 3 The following persons are appointed to the Council under section 3 (2) (a) of the Act: The Honourable Christy Clark, Minister of Education; The Honourable Rick Thorpe, Minister of Competition, Science and Enterprise; The Honourable Murray Coll, Minister of Human Resources; The Honourable Bill Barisoff, Minister of Provincial Revenue; The Honourable Shirley Bond, Minister of Advanced Education; The Honourable Colin Hansen, Minister of Health Planning; The Honourable Gordon Hogg, Minister of Children and Family Development. 4 The appointments of the following persons under section 3 (2) (b) of the Act are rescinded: Annette Antoniak, nominated by the Crown Corporations Employers' Association; Charles Hingston nominated by the BC Public School Employers' Association; Charles Jago nominated by the University Public Sector Employers' Association.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Analysis of Apprenticeship Programs in British Columbia
    A Critical Analysis of Apprenticeship Programs in British Columbia by Gregory Matte A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2020 Gregory Matte Abstract This study examines issues surrounding apprenticeships in the construction industry in British Columbia (BC) during the period of 1993 to 2004, particularly the state of the social settlement amongst its primary stakeholders, namely the government, unionized and non-unionized employment associations and post- secondary colleges. It provides a conceptual framework to research apprenticeships as a skills ecosystem, and to explain why successive provincial governments were motivated to impose significant legislative changes on the vocational education and training system. The findings not only examine the motivation, but also the resulting outcomes, using the different political ideologies as a basis to explain how contrasting stakeholder perspectives shaped both. Based on a combination of structure and agency, the primary stakeholders operated within the confines of institutional structures, extant logics and the limitations of their own perspectives and objectives. This thesis examines how the relationships between apprenticeships, the labour market and the post-secondary education system are coordinated, governed, influenced and shaped in BC, as well as how these same relationships have evolved, including the impact of such changes on apprenticeship programs as a skills ecosystem. The period of 1993 to 2004 was specifically chosen as it was a period of bold political reforms pertaining to trades training within the province by two ideologically opposed political parties.
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected]
    Honorific First Name Last Name Riding Party email Mr Michael de Jong, Q.C Abbotsford West Liberal [email protected] Honourable Anne Kange Burnaby-Deer Lake NDP [email protected] Honourable Raj Chouhan Burnaby-Edmonds NDP [email protected] Dan Coulter Chilliwack NDP [email protected] Doug Clovechok Columbia River-Revelstoke Liberal [email protected] Honourable Mitzi Dean Esquimalt-Metchosin NDP [email protected] Peter Milobar Kamloops-North Thompson Liberal [email protected] Mike Bernier Peace River South Liberal [email protected] Honourable Nicholas Simons Powell River-Sunshine Coast NDP [email protected] Honourable Nathan Cullen Stikine NDP [email protected] Garry Begg Surrey-Guildford NDP [email protected] Honourable Harry Bains Surrey-Newton NDP [email protected] Honourable Bruce Ralston Q.C. Surrey-Whalley NDP [email protected] Honourable George Chow Vancouver-Fraserview NDP [email protected] Mr Bruce Banman Abbotsford South Liberal [email protected] Todd Stone Kamloops-South Thompson Liberal [email protected] Bob D'Eith Maple Ridge-Mission NDP [email protected] Jennifer Rice North Coast NDP [email protected] Henry Yao Richmond South Centre NDP [email protected] Trevor Halford Surrey-White Rock Liberal [email protected] Pam Alexis Abbotsford-Mission NDP [email protected] Roly Russell Boundary-Similkameen NDP [email protected] Coralee Oakes Cariboo
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents BRITISH COLUMBIA: THE CUTS BEGIN Introduction The Campbell Plan Idiosyncratic Politics Discussion, Research, and Essay Questions BRITISH COLUMBIA: THE CUTS BEGIN Introduction On February 13, 2002, British Columbia pay for a measure they viewed as short- Premier Gordon Campbell delivered a sighted and ill-timed. Others were outraged televised address to the province, shortly that he had ordered the province’s striking after introducing his Liberal government’s teachers back to work, and that he had first budget. Clad in a sombre black business threatened to impose a salary settlement on suit, Campbell did not have much good news them that most viewed as unsatisfactory. to report to B.C. residents, the vast majority Labour groups were incensed at his decision of whom had given his party a huge majority to reopen signed contracts affecting health- in the May 2001 election. He apologized for care workers and others in the public sector, the difficult and quite likely unpopular steps in order to roll back their wages and benefits. his government believed it was necessary to Community groups servicing the needs of the take in the months to come. He claimed they homeless and other marginalized people in were necessary in order to wrestle down the Vancouver and elsewhere looked in vain for $4.4-billion deficit that he asserted had been any indication from the government that inherited by his government from its NDP funding for their activities would be in- predecessor. Acknowledging that cuts to creased. Environmentalists were deeply education, health care, and social programs, troubled by what they regarded as along with a significant reduction in the Campbell’s lack of sympathy with their public sector and a reopening of contracts concerns for preserving the province’s with civil servants would arouse resentment forests.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Sustainable Urban Development in Canada: Global Urban
    Sustainable Urban Development in Canada: Global Urban Development (GUD) Report to the Government of Sweden’s Mistra Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research Dr. Nola-Kate Seymoar, President and CEO, International Centre for Sustainable Cities, Vancouver, Canada, September 20071 Part I: Background and Major Developments 1. The Canadian Urban Agenda In 1999 the National Roundtable on Environment and Economy (NRTEE)’s International Committee, chaired by Mike Harcourt (former Mayor of Vancouver and Premier of British Columbia), called for a program that would market Canadian know how and technology about urban sustainability – in cities in developing and newly industrializing countries. In response, the Sustainable Cities Initiative (SCI) was created in Industry Canada, and began piloting its programs in 1999 in China, Brazil and Poland. It worked in partnership with local municipalities and a number of private sector and not-for-profit partners including the International Centre for Sustainable Cities (ICSC). Needs assessments (roadmaps) were completed for each city and based on these roadmaps, Canadian suppliers were engaged to respond – in some cases on a straight commercial basis paid by the local authority and in others on the basis of assistance from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and other aid agencies. By 2002, the program had won an award from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and was expanded overseas to 17 cities. The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) had been operating an international program since the late eighties2 and with financial support from CIDA, FCM, the Canadian Urban Institute (CUI) and a private sector consulting firm (AgriTeam) developed a number of ‘local government support programs’ in Central Europe and South East Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Report of Debates (Hansard)
    First Session, 42nd Parliament OFFICIAL REPORT OF DEBATES (HANSARD) Monday, April 12, 2021 Morning Sitting Issue No. 43 THE HONOURABLE RAJ CHOUHAN, SPEAKER ISSN 1499-2175 PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Entered Confederation July 20, 1871) LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR Her Honour the Honourable Janet Austin, OBC First Session, 42nd Parliament SPEAKER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Honourable Raj Chouhan EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Premier and President of the Executive Council ............................................................................................................... Hon. John Horgan Minister of Advanced Education and Skills Training...........................................................................................................Hon. Anne Kang Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries......................................................................................................................Hon. Lana Popham Attorney General and Minister Responsible for Housing .............................................................................................Hon. David Eby, QC Minister of Children and Family Development ....................................................................................................................Hon. Mitzi Dean Minister of State for Child Care......................................................................................................................................Hon. Katrina Chen Minister of Citizens’ Services.....................................................................................................................................................Hon.
    [Show full text]