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Historia I Zabytki fot. J. Śliwczyński J. fot. Historia i zabytki HistoriaPowiatu Chrzanowskiego i zabytki Historia i zabytki / History and monuments Powiat chrzanowski W okresie I Rzeczypospolitej ziemie obecnego powiatu chrzanowskiego należały do powiatu krakowskiego od 1397 r. i podlegały staroście grodowemu w Krakowie. W 1795 r. zostały włączone do dystryktu olkuskiego w Galicji Zachodniej. W 1809 r. przeszły pod administrację Księstwa Warszawskiego i należały do departamentu krakowskiego. Następnie w latach 1815-1846 weszły w skład Wolnego Miasta Krakowa. Wielu chrzanowian walczyło w szeregach wojsk pod dowództwem Tadeusza Kościuszki, Jana Henryka Dąbrowskiego, wojsk Królestwa Kongresowego, w powstaniach: listopadowym i krakowskim. W czasie powsta- nia styczniowego w mieście Chrzanów działał Komitet Narodowy, szpital i punkty opatrunkowe. W 1847 roku powstała linia kolejowa łącząca Oświęcim z Trzebinią. Pięć lat później uruchomiono nową kopalnię rud cynku i ołowiu „Matylda”. W 1818 roku Senat Wolnego Miasta Krakowa założył tu dużą wytwórnię sukna. Na początku XIX wieku powstały największe zakłady przemysłowe: pierwsza Fabryka Lokomotyw w Polsce S.A. i „Stella”, produkująca ogniotrwałe materiały ceramiczne. Jesienią 1939 r., powiat chrzanowski został po raz pierwszy w swej historii podzielony: zachodnia część z Chrzanowem, Jaworznem i Trzebinią została włączona bezpośrednio do III Rzeszy, a wschodnia część z Krzeszowicami została włączona do Generalnego Gubernatorstwa. Taki podział utrzymał się do końca wojny. W 1940 r. w mieście powstało getto, które zlikwidowano po trzech latach. Silnie rozwijał się ruch oporu, powstały komórki Armii Krajowej i Gwardii Ludowej. Organizowano akcje sabotażowe i dywersyjne. 24 stycznia 1945 r. Chrzanów został wyzwolony przez wojska II frontu ukraińskiego. Po II wojnie światowej powiat chrzanowski powrócił do swych granic sprzed 1939 r. Należał do województwa krakowskiego i obejmował początkowo miasta: Chrzanów, Jaworzno, Trzebinia i Krzeszowice oraz okoliczne obszary wiejskie. Po wojnie powstały liczne zakłady przemysłowe, przedsiębiorstwa komunalne, osiedla mieszkaniowe, placówki kulturalne i oświatowe. Chrzanów był centrum ziemi chrzanow- skiej, silnie związanej z Krakowem. Reforma administracyjna z 1975 r. podzieliła powiat między województwa: katowickie do którego weszły: Chrzanów, Jaworzno, Jeleń, Libiąż, Trzebinia-Siersza, Babice i Myślachowice; krakowskie, do którego trafiły Krzeszowice oraz Alwernia; bielskie, w którym znalazł się Chełmek. Po ostatniej reformie administracyjnej od 1999 r. powiat chrzanowski obejmuje 5 gmin: Alwernia, Babice, Chrzanów, Libiąż i Trzebinia. The district of Chrzanów In the period of the First Polish Republic, the territory of the present district of Chrzanów belonged to the district of Cracow from 1397 and was subject to the town starost in Cracow. In 1795, it was incorporated into the district of Olkusz in West Galicia (Galicja Zachodnia). In 1809, it was passed upon the administration of the Duchy of Warsaw and belonged to the department of Cracow. Later on, in the years 1815-1846, it became a part of the Free City of Cracow. Many inhabitants of Chrzanów fought in the army commanded by Tadeusz Kościuszko or Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, in the army of the Congress Kingdom of Poland, and during the November Uprising and the Cracow Uprising. During the January Uprising, there were the National Committee, hospital, and dressing station in Chrzanów. In 1847, a railway between Oświęcim and Trzebinia was built. Five years later, a new zinc and lead ore mine “Matylda” was opened. In 1818, the Senate of the Free City of Cracow established a large cloth workshop. In the early 19th century, the largest industrial plants were set up: the first locomotive factory Fabryka Lokomotyw w Polsce S.A. and “Stella” producing fire-proof ceramic materials. In the autumn 1939, the first time in its history, the district of Chrzanów was divided: its western part, with Chrzanów, Jaworzno, and Trzebinia, was incorporated directly to the Third Reich, and its eastern part with Krzeszowice to the General Governorate. Such a division persisted till the end of the war. In 1940, a ghetto was established in the city; it was liquidated three years later. The resistance movement was highly developed, the units of the Home Army and the People’s Guard were established, sabotage and diversion were organized. On January 24th, 1945, Chrzanów was liberated by the armed forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. After the World War 2, the district of Chrzanów returned to its pre- -war borders from before 1939. It belonged to the Province of Cracow and initially included the towns of: Chrzanów, Jaworzno, Trzebinia, and Krzeszowice as well as surrounding rural areas. After the war, numerous industrial plants, public enterprises, housing developments, cultural and educational institutions were established. Chrzanów was the centre of the district, which was strongly connected with Cracow. The administrative reform of 1975 divided the district into three provinces: the Province of Katowice with Chrzanów, Jaworzno, Jeleń, Libiąż, Trzebinia-Siersza, Babice, and Myślachowice; the Province of Cracow with Krzeszowice and Alwernia; and the Province of Bielsko-Biała, which incorporated the town of Chełmek. After the latest admini- 2 strative reform, since 1999, the district of Chrzanów includes 5 communes: Alwernia, Babice, Chrzanów, Libiąż and Trzebinia. Klasztor i kościół OO. Bernardynów w Alwerni p.w. Stygmatów św. Franciszka To najbardziej znany zabytek Gminy Alwernia. Miejsce kultu obrazu Pana Jezusa Ecce Homo, któ- ry podarował w 1686 r. ks. Jan Franciszek Michlaj- ski. Kościół barokowy, murowany, jednonawowy z transeptem i półkoliście zamkniętym prezbite- rium z charakterystyczną wieżą stał się wizytówką miasta. Pomysłodawcą oraz fundatorem Klasztoru był Krzysztof Koryciński. Znajduje się w nim ołtarz główny oraz 6 bocznych, z obrazami z XVII i XVIII wieku. Warto zwrócić uwagę na rzeźby z XVII wie- ku oraz organy i ambonę z II połowy XVIII wieku. W 1941 r. po wysiedleniu bernardynów Niemcy urządzili w klasztorze więzienie i Feldgericht. Po wojnie bernardyni powrócili w mury klasztorne i od tego czasu opiekują się zabytkiem. The St Francis’s Stigmata Bernardine Church and Monastery in Alwernia. It is the most famous historical object of the com- mune of Alwernia, the place of the cult of the Jesus Ecce Homo painting donated in 1686 by Rev. Jan Franciszek Michlajski. The Baroque church, built in brick and stone, with one nave, transept, and semicircularly closed presbytery with a charac- teristic tower, became the showpiece of the town. The originator and founder of the monastery was Krzysztof Koryciński. In the church, there is a high altar and 6 side altars with pictures form the 17th and 18th century. It is worth paying attention to the sculptures from the 17th century and the pipe organ and pulpit from the second half of the 18th century. In 1941, after displacing the Bernardines, Nazis arranged a prison and a Feldgericht in the monastery. After the war, the Bernardines returned to the monastery and since then they have been ta- king care of the building. fot. archiwum Starostwa Powiatowego w Chrzanowie Powiatowego Starostwa archiwum fot. 3 fot. archiwum Starostwa Powiatowego w Chrzanowie Kościół p.w. św. Marcina i św. Małgorzaty The St Martin and St Margaret Church w Porębie Żegoty in Poręba Żegoty. Najstarszy obiekt sakralny w Gminie Alwernia, o któ- The oldest church building in the commune of Alwer- rym pierwsze wzmianki pochodzą z XIV wieku. Obec- nia, which was first mentioned in the sources from the ny kościół murowany powstał w 1762 r., w miejscu 14th century. The present stone church was erected in wcześniejszego drewnianego. Fundatorem był Fran- 1762 in the place of a previous wooden church. Its fo- ciszek Czerny – Szwarzenberg. W roku 1898 świąty- under was Franciszek Czerny–Szwarzenberg. In 1898, nia została rozbudowana wg projektu krakowskiego the church was extended according to the design of an architekta Zygmunta Hendla. Jednonawowy, zbudo- architect from Cracow - Zygmunt Hendel. A single- wany na rzucie krzyża łacińskiego z wieżą zwieńczoną -nave church built on the plan of a Latin cross, with baniastym hełmem, wnętrzami kryjącymi 2 marmu- a tower surmounted with a bulbous cupola, the interior rowe ołtarze z połowy XVIII w. przeniesionymi z Ka- with two marble altars from the mid-18th century mo- tedry Wawelskiej na przełomie XVIII/XIX w., a także ved from the Wawel Cathedral at the turn of the 18th drewnianymi barokowymi ołtarzami. Ponad to w ko- and the 19th century and with wooden Baroque altars. ściele zobaczyć można modernistyczną polichromię Moreover, in the church you can see a modernist poly- z 1910 r. pracowni Wyspiańskiego oraz zachowane chromy from 1910 from the studio of Wyspiański and obrazy Michała Stachowicza oraz Wojciecha Eliasza. the preserved paintings by Michał Stachowicz and Woj- 4 (źródło: www.swmarcinporebazegoty.pl) ciech Eliasz. (source: www.swmarcinporebazegoty.pl) Zespół Pałacowo – Parkowy w Porębie Żegoty The Park-Palace Complex in Poręba Żegoty. Zespół pałacowo – parkowy z ruinami pałacu Szembe- The park-palace complex with the ruins of the Szem- ków pochodzi z XVII i drugiej połowy XVIII w. pier- bek family’s palace dates back to the 17th and the 2nd wotnie był w posiadaniu Krzysztofa Korycińskiego, half of the 18th century. Originally, it was owned by następnie Szwarcenbergów – Czernych a do II Wojny Krzysztof Koryciński, then by the Szwarcenberg-Czer- Światowej zamieszkiwany
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