Iop Newsletter 121
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nature.2021.06.12 [Sat, 12 Jun 2021]
[Sat, 12 Jun 2021] This Week News in Focus Books & Arts Opinion Work Research | Next section | Main menu | Donation | Next section | Main menu | | Next section | Main menu | Previous section | This Week Embrace the WHO’s new naming system for coronavirus variants [09 June 2021] Editorial • The World Health Organization’s system should have come earlier. Now, media and policymakers need to get behind it. Google’s AI approach to microchips is welcome — but needs care [09 June 2021] Editorial • Artificial intelligence can help the electronics industry to speed up chip design. But the gains must be shared equitably. The replication crisis won’t be solved with broad brushstrokes [08 June 2021] World View • A cookie-cutter strategy to reform science will cause resentment, not improvement. A light touch changes the strength of a single atomic bond [07 June 2021] Research Highlight • A technique that uses an electric field to tighten the bond between two atoms can allow a game of atomic pick-up-sticks. How fit can you get? These blood proteins hold a clue [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Scientists pinpoint almost 150 biomarkers linked to intrinsic cardiovascular fitness, and 100 linked to fitness gained from training. Complex, lab-made ‘cells’ react to change like the real thing [02 June 2021] Research Highlight • Synthetic structures that grow artificial ‘organelles’ could provide insights into the operation of living cells. Elephants’ trunks are mighty suction machines [01 June 2021] Research Highlight • The pachyderms can nab a treat lying nearly 5 centimetres away through sheer sucking power. More than one-third of heat deaths blamed on climate change [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Warming resulting from human activities accounts for a high percentage of heat-related deaths, especially in southern Asia and South America. -
Heterospory: the Most Iterative Key Innovation in the Evolutionary History of the Plant Kingdom
Biol. Rej\ (1994). 69, l>p. 345-417 345 Printeii in GrenI Britain HETEROSPORY: THE MOST ITERATIVE KEY INNOVATION IN THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE PLANT KINGDOM BY RICHARD M. BATEMAN' AND WILLIAM A. DiMlCHELE' ' Departments of Earth and Plant Sciences, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OXi 3P/?, U.K. {Present addresses: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburiih, Inverleith Rojv, Edinburgh, EIIT, SLR ; Department of Geology, Royal Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EHi ijfF) '" Department of Paleohiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC^zo^bo, U.S.A. CONTENTS I. Introduction: the nature of hf^terospon' ......... 345 U. Generalized life history of a homosporous polysporangiophyle: the basis for evolutionary excursions into hetcrospory ............ 348 III, Detection of hcterospory in fossils. .......... 352 (1) The need to extrapolate from sporophyte to gametophyte ..... 352 (2) Spatial criteria and the physiological control of heterospory ..... 351; IV. Iterative evolution of heterospory ........... ^dj V. Inter-cladc comparison of levels of heterospory 374 (1) Zosterophyllopsida 374 (2) Lycopsida 374 (3) Sphenopsida . 377 (4) PtiTopsida 378 (5) f^rogymnospermopsida ............ 380 (6) Gymnospermopsida (including Angiospermales) . 384 (7) Summary: patterns of character acquisition ....... 386 VI. Physiological control of hetcrosporic phenomena ........ 390 VII. How the sporophyte progressively gained control over the gametophyte: a 'just-so' story 391 (1) Introduction: evolutionary antagonism between sporophyte and gametophyte 391 (2) Homosporous systems ............ 394 (3) Heterosporous systems ............ 39(1 (4) Total sporophytic control: seed habit 401 VIII. Summary .... ... 404 IX. .•Acknowledgements 407 X. References 407 I. I.NIRODUCTION: THE NATURE OF HETEROSPORY 'Heterospory' sensu lato has long been one of the most popular re\ie\v topics in organismal botany. -
Devonian Plant Fossils a Window Into the Past
EPPC 2018 Sponsors Academic Partners PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Scientific Committee: Zhe-kun Zhou Angelica Feurdean Jenny McElwain, Chair Tao Su Walter Finsinger Fraser Mitchell Lutz Kunzmann Graciela Gil Romera Paddy Orr Lisa Boucher Lyudmila Shumilovskikh Geoffrey Clayton Elizabeth Wheeler Walter Finsinger Matthew Parkes Evelyn Kustatscher Eniko Magyari Colin Kelleher Niall W. Paterson Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos Benjamin Bomfleur Benjamin Dietre Convenors: Matthew Pound Fabienne Marret-Davies Marco Vecoli Ulrich Salzmann Havandanda Ombashi Charles Wellman Wolfram M. Kürschner Jiri Kvacek Reed Wicander Heather Pardoe Ruth Stockey Hartmut Jäger Christopher Cleal Dieter Uhl Ellen Stolle Jiri Kvacek Maria Barbacka José Bienvenido Diez Ferrer Borja Cascales-Miñana Hans Kerp Friðgeir Grímsson José B. Diez Patricia Ryberg Christa-Charlotte Hofmann Xin Wang Dimitrios Velitzelos Reinhard Zetter Charilaos Yiotis Peta Hayes Jean Nicolas Haas Joseph D. White Fraser Mitchell Benjamin Dietre Jennifer C. McElwain Jenny McElwain Marie-José Gaillard Paul Kenrick Furong Li Christine Strullu-Derrien Graphic and Website Design: Ralph Fyfe Chris Berry Peter Lang Irina Delusina Margaret E. Collinson Tiiu Koff Andrew C. Scott Linnean Society Award Selection Panel: Elena Severova Barry Lomax Wuu Kuang Soh Carla J. Harper Phillip Jardine Eamon haughey Michael Krings Daniela Festi Amanda Porter Gar Rothwell Keith Bennett Kamila Kwasniewska Cindy V. Looy William Fletcher Claire M. Belcher Alistair Seddon Conference Organization: Jonathan P. Wilson -
Ecological Sorting of Vascular Plant Classes During the Paleozoic Evolutionary Radiation
i1 Ecological Sorting of Vascular Plant Classes During the Paleozoic Evolutionary Radiation William A. DiMichele, William E. Stein, and Richard M. Bateman DiMichele, W.A., Stein, W.E., and Bateman, R.M. 2001. Ecological sorting of vascular plant classes during the Paleozoic evolutionary radiation. In: W.D. Allmon and D.J. Bottjer, eds. Evolutionary Paleoecology: The Ecological Context of Macroevolutionary Change. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 285-335 THE DISTINCTIVE BODY PLANS of vascular plants (lycopsids, ferns, sphenopsids, seed plants), corresponding roughly to traditional Linnean classes, originated in a radiation that began in the late Middle Devonian and ended in the Early Carboniferous. This relatively brief radiation followed a long period in the Silurian and Early Devonian during wrhich morphological complexity accrued slowly and preceded evolutionary diversifications con- fined within major body-plan themes during the Carboniferous. During the Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous morphological radiation, the major class-level clades also became differentiated ecologically: Lycopsids were cen- tered in wetlands, seed plants in terra firma environments, sphenopsids in aggradational habitats, and ferns in disturbed environments. The strong con- gruence of phylogenetic pattern, morphological differentiation, and clade- level ecological distributions characterizes plant ecological and evolutionary dynamics throughout much of the late Paleozoic. In this study, we explore the phylogenetic relationships and realized ecomorphospace of reconstructed whole plants (or composite whole plants), representing each of the major body-plan clades, and examine the degree of overlap of these patterns with each other and with patterns of environmental distribution. We conclude that 285 286 EVOLUTIONARY PALEOECOLOGY ecological incumbency was a major factor circumscribing and channeling the course of early diversification events: events that profoundly affected the structure and composition of modern plant communities. -
Download 2766.Pdf
z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 4, Issue, 12, pp. 235-240, December, 2012 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE STUDIES ON REGENERATION OF GAMETOPHYTES AND MASS MULTIPLICATION OF Anemia rotundifolia schrad. (PTERIDOPHYTE) *Ajit Pratap Singh, Deepali Johari, Akanksha Singh, Sandip K. Behera and Prem B. Khare Pteridology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 2-Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, U.P. India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Anemia rotundifolia, a rare fern species was studied to determine that can explants of gametophyte be th used to multiply the plants (gametophytes and sporophytes) and also to understand the reproductive Received 10 September, 2012 Received in revised form barriers. Explants were sown on Parker’s & Thompson’s culture media. Study demonstrated that 25th October, 2012 explants produced secondary regenerates which matured into cordate gametophytes and bear only Accepted 20th November, 2012 archegonia. These regenerates gave rise numerous tertiary gametophytes that bear female and male Published online 18th December, 2012 gametes intermixed showing monoecious sexuality. Secondary regenerates had option for xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx intergametophytic selfing, as it bears only archegonia. Tertiary regenerate exhibiting female and male Key words: gametes performed both inter and intragametophytic selfing, as a result each tertiary regenerates Anemia rotundifolia, produced multiple sporophytes. Secondary gametophytes did not produce any antheridia and Fern, Gametophyte, sporophyte, indicating that establishment of sporophytes on tertiary regenerates has reciprocal impact Regenerates, on secondary gametophytes development. Study concluded that apical explants of gametophyte in A. Sexual gametes, Sporophytes, rotundifolia may be used for mass multiplication of gametophytes and sporophytes, and also to Multiplication, ensure its in vitro conservation. -
Ancient Noeggerathialean Reveals the Seed Plant Sister Group Diversified Alongside the Primary Seed Plant Radiation
Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation Jun Wanga,b,c,1, Jason Hiltond,e, Hermann W. Pfefferkornf, Shijun Wangg, Yi Zhangh, Jiri Beki, Josef Pšenickaˇ j, Leyla J. Seyfullahk, and David Dilcherl,m,1 aState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; bCenter for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; cUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; dSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; eBirmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; fDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316; gState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China; hCollege of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenyang 110034, China; iDepartment of Palaeobiology and Palaeoecology, Institute of Geology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic; jCentre of Palaeobiodiversity, West Bohemian Museum in Plzen, 301 36 Plzen, Czech Republic; kDepartment of Paleontology, Geozentrum, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; lIndiana Geological and Water Survey, Bloomington, IN 47404; and mDepartment of Geology and Atmospheric Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 Contributed by David Dilcher, September 10, 2020 (sent for review July 2, 2020; reviewed by Melanie Devore and Gregory J. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0186-6546 Gar W. Rothwell Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor Emeritus Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Porter Hall 401E T: 740 593 1129 Ohio University F: 740 593 1130 Athens, OH 45701 E: [email protected] also Courtesy Professor Department of Botany and PlantPathology Oregon State University T: 541 737- 5252 Corvallis, OR 97331 E: [email protected] Education Ph.D.,1973 University of Alberta (Botany) M.S., 1969 University of Illinois, Chicago (Biology) B.A., 1966 Central Washington University (Biology) Academic Awards and Honors 2018 International Organisation of Palaeobotany lifetime Honorary Membership 2014 Fellow of the Paleontological Society 2009 Distinguished Fellow of the Botanical Society of America 2004 Ohio University Distinguished Professor 2002 Michael A. Cichan Award, Botanical Society of America 1999-2004 Ohio University Presidential Research Scholar in Biomedical and Life Sciences 1993 Edgar T. Wherry Award, Botanical Society of America 1991-1992 Outstanding Graduate Faculty Award, Ohio University 1982-1983 Chairman, Paleobotanical Section, Botanical Society of America 1972-1973 University of Alberta Dissertation Fellow 1971 Paleobotanical (Isabel Cookson) Award, Botanical Society of America Positions Held 2011-present Courtesy Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University 2008-2009 Visiting Senior Researcher, University of Alberta 2004-present Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162 (2010) 325–340 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Research paper Floristic and vegetational changes in the Iberian Peninsula during Jurassic and Cretaceous Carmen Diéguez a,⁎, Daniel Peyrot b, Eduardo Barrón c a Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain b Departamento y UEI de Paleontología UCM-CSIC , José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain c Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain article info abstract Article history: The successive vegetations inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula from the Triassic/Jurassic boundary to the Cretaceous/ Received 3 July 2009 Tertiary Boundary is reviewed based on published palynological and macrofloral data, and the vegetational changes Received in revised form 24 May 2010 set in a palaeogeographical and climate context. Xerophytic microphyllous coniferous forests and pteridophyte Accepted 4 June 2010 communities of arid environments dominated the Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous vegetation. -
Devonian As a Time of Major Innovation in Plants and Their Communities
1 Back to the Beginnings: The Silurian- 2 Devonian as a Time of Major Innovation 15 3 in Plants and Their Communities 4 Patricia G. Gensel, Ian Glasspool, Robert A. Gastaldo, 5 Milan Libertin, and Jiří Kvaček 6 Abstract Silurian, with the Early Silurian Cooksonia barrandei 31 7 Massive changes in terrestrial paleoecology occurred dur- from central Europe representing the earliest vascular 32 8 ing the Devonian. This period saw the evolution of both plant known, to date. This plant had minute bifurcating 33 9 seed plants (e.g., Elkinsia and Moresnetia), fully lami- aerial axes terminating in expanded sporangia. Dispersed 34 10 nate∗ leaves and wood. Wood evolved independently in microfossils (spores and phytodebris) in continental and 35AU2 11 different plant groups during the Middle Devonian (arbo- coastal marine sediments provide the earliest evidence for 36 12 rescent lycopsids, cladoxylopsids, and progymnosperms) land plants, which are first reported from the Early 37 13 resulting in the evolution of the tree habit at this time Ordovician. 38 14 (Givetian, Gilboa forest, USA) and of various growth and 15 architectural configurations. By the end of the Devonian, 16 30-m-tall trees were distributed worldwide. Prior to the 17 appearance of a tree canopy habit, other early plant groups 15.1 Introduction 39 18 (trimerophytes) that colonized the planet’s landscapes 19 were of smaller stature attaining heights of a few meters Patricia G. Gensel and Milan Libertin 40 20 with a dense, three-dimensional array of thin lateral 21 branches functioning as “leaves”. Laminate leaves, as we We are now approaching the end of our journey to vegetated 41 AU3 22 now know them today, appeared, independently, at differ- landscapes that certainly are unfamiliar even to paleontolo- 42 23 ent times in the Devonian. -
Parallel Or Precursor to Insect Pollination in Angiosperms?
Animal-mediated fertilization in bryophytes – parallel or precursor to insect pollination in angiosperms? Cronberg, Nils Published in: Lindbergia 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Cronberg, N. (2012). Animal-mediated fertilization in bryophytes – parallel or precursor to insect pollination in angiosperms? Lindbergia, 35, 76-85. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Lindbergia 35: 76–85, 2012 ISSN 0105-0761 Accepted 14 August 2012 Animal-mediated fertilization in bryophytes – parallel or precursor to insect pollination in angiosperms? Nils Cronberg N. Cronberg ([email protected]), Dept of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. -
Diversity and Evolution of the Megaphyll in Euphyllophytes
G Model PALEVO-665; No. of Pages 16 ARTICLE IN PRESS C. R. Palevol xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Palevol w ww.sciencedirect.com General palaeontology, systematics and evolution (Palaeobotany) Diversity and evolution of the megaphyll in Euphyllophytes: Phylogenetic hypotheses and the problem of foliar organ definition Diversité et évolution de la mégaphylle chez les Euphyllophytes : hypothèses phylogénétiques et le problème de la définition de l’organe foliaire ∗ Adèle Corvez , Véronique Barriel , Jean-Yves Dubuisson UMR 7207 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, centre de recherches en paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, 57, rue Cuvier, CP 48, 75005 Paris, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Recent paleobotanical studies suggest that megaphylls evolved several times in land plant st Received 1 February 2012 evolution, implying that behind the single word “megaphyll” are hidden very differ- Accepted after revision 23 May 2012 ent notions and concepts. We therefore review current knowledge about diverse foliar Available online xxx organs and related characters observed in fossil and living plants, using one phylogenetic hypothesis to infer their origins and evolution. Four foliar organs and one lateral axis are Presented by Philippe Taquet described in detail and differ by the different combination of four main characters: lateral organ symmetry, abdaxity, planation and webbing. Phylogenetic analyses show that the Keywords: “true” megaphyll appeared at least twice in Euphyllophytes, and that the history of the Euphyllophytes Megaphyll four main characters is different in each case. The current definition of the megaphyll is questioned; we propose a clear and accurate terminology in order to remove ambiguities Bilateral symmetry Abdaxity of the current vocabulary. -
Plant Evolution
Conquering the land The rise of plants Ordovician Spores Algae (algal mats) Green freshwater algae Bacteria Fungae Bryophytes Moses? Liverworts? Little body fossil evidence Silurian Wenlock Stage 423-428mya Psilophytes Rhyniopsidsa important later in early Devonian Cooksonia Rhynia Branching stems, flattened sporangia at tips No leaves, no roots short 30 cms rhizoids Zosterophylls Early stem group of Lycopodiophytes Ancestors of Class Lycopsida (clubmosses) Prevalent in Devonian Spores at tips and on branches Lycopsids (?) Baragwanathia with microphylls in Australia Zosterophylls Silurian Cooksonia Development of Soil Fungae Bacteria Algae Organic matter Arthropods and annelids Change in erosion Change in CO2 Devonian Devonian Early Devonian simple structure Rhynie Chert (Rhyniophytes) Trimerophytes First with main shoot Give rise to Ferns and Progymnosperms Up to 3m tall Animal life (mainly arthropods) Late Devonian Forests First true wood (lignin) Forest structure develops (stories) Sphenopsids (Calamites) Lycopsids (Lepidodendron) Seed Ferns (Pteridosperm) Progymnosperm Archaeopteris Cladoxylopsid First vertebrates present Upper Devonian Lycopsida 374-360 mya Leaves and roots differentiated Most ancient with living relatives Megaphylls branching in on plane Photosynthetic webbing Shrub size vertical growth limited (weak) Lateral (secondary) growth (woody) Development of roots Homosporous Heterosporous Upper Devonian Calamites (Sphenopsid) Horestail Sphenophyta (Calamites-Annularia) Devonian Archaeopteris Ur. Devonian - Lr. Carboniferous