AREA : 5000 Ha Project Cost : ` 750 Lakhs N. Vanlaiphai, Lungchhuan, Bawktlang, Piler, Khawlailung, Chekawn, Mualcheng

Prepared by PIA District,

INDEX

CHAPTER Page No

1. Introduction ...... 3 2. Project Profile ...... 9 3. History of Project Villages & ...... 13 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ...... 20 5. Problem Typology ...... 21 6. Project Intervention Plan ...... 24 7. DPR Plan Abstract ...... 25 8. Preparatory Phase ...... 26 9. Work Plan Details ...... 27 10. Consolidation and withdrawal Phase...... 29 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified...... 30 12. Institutional & Capacity Building Plan...... 31 13. Basic Profile of the Project Location...... 33 14. Maps of the Project ...... 34 15. Institutional Mechanism and Agreements...... 38 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA ...... 39 17. PIA & Watershed Committee Details...... 40 18. Convergence Plans ……...... 42 19. Expected Outcomes ...... 44 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes ...... 46 21. Monitoring & Evaluation ...... 47 22. Plan, Estimate & Drawing ...... 48 23. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP ……………………...... 60 24. Beneficiary card Sample ...... 61

(N) INTRODUCTION :

Land is a critically important national resourse in which all human activity is based. Its efficient management is vital for economic growth and development of Rural Areas to harness the full potential of the available land resources and prevent its further degradation, development of rainfed area, degraded area is of great significance. Its management is complex and multi dimensional and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human setttlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. With ever increasing population, the needs of the people is also ever increasing. The population of Mizoram has now reached 10 lakhs resulting in increasing demand for commodities and lack of work for both the urban and rural population. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5-6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village. Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer tress and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irragation of farmland. The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon. Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources, issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solutions that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT WORKS (56% WORKS COMPONENT) Focus will be on :-

1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis,keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e., land, water and vegetative cover. 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of asstes created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the vilage. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below :-

(1) First Tier –Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment (a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation : As per the report of the Mizoram Remote sensing Application Centre on 12th August, 2010, the soil Cultivation of the State became critical which needs to be systematically address to check further degradation and soil loss. According to MIRSAC report the vegetative cover of Mizoram is as below :- Sl.No Total Geographical Area 21087 Sqm % 1 Soil loss due to weather, etc. 4352.36 Sqm 20.64 2 Virgin Forest 1537.25 Sqm 7.29 3 Open Forest 2047.55 Sq Km 9.71 4 Scrub land/degraded Forest 5193.73 Sq Km 24.63 5 Area Covered by Lake, Pond 139.17 Sq Km 0.66 and Rivers 6 Bamboo Forest 7816.94 Sq Km 37.07 Out of the Total area of 21087 Sq Kms, 999.52 Sq Kms. have been annually degraded due to shifting cultivation. So, a shift from jhumming to permanent farming is the need of the day.

(b) Afforestation : Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipatation/rainfall, increased underground water table.

(c) Prevention of soil erosion : Due to the hilly nature of Mizoram and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the frtile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimim soil content in the runoff water.

2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment (a) Construction of Water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources : Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season. (b) Land Development : The Areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (c) Gestation period treatment : The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier –Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.

3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment : (a) Wet rice Cultivation & Mixed Farminng : In Places of Permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2-3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land, therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market. (b) Multiple cropping : If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised

4. Provision of Liveihood for Asset-less families (9% of Works Component) : The Asset- less families will be provided with a scope of micro-enterprenuership, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, tin smithy, petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.

5 Livestock Group & Existing Livelihood (10% of works Component) : (a) Livestock Group (10%) :- Since, the Mizo’s are meat – eaters, the demand for meat production is always very high. Out of the total consumption of Beef during 2008-2009, 60% came from outside the State, 80% of fish available in the market in Mizoram are from outside the state. Therefore, the project will try to increase meat production to meat the sate demand. The following table show the meat requirement and consumption during 2008-2009. (source AH&Vety Department, Mizoram)

DAILY MEAT CONSUMPTION IN MIZORAM (2008-2009) Average Daily Consumption Meat No of Animals Rate per Kg Daily requirement in Kg Amount spents Beef 52 175 5,980 10,46,500 Pork 226 120 21,470 25,76,400 Poultry 2,266 180 6,118 11,01,276 Fish NA 120 4,286 5,14,320 Mutton 23 200 207 41,400

MONTH/YEARLY MEAT CONSUMPTION IN MIZORAM (2008-2009 Average Monthly Consumption Anually (25 days) Meat Monthly requirement Amount Annual Amount % in Kg spent requirement spent in Kg Pork 5,36,750 6,44,10,000 64,41,000 77,29,20,000 56.41 Beef 1,49,500 2,61,62,500 17,94,000 31,39,50,000 15.71 Poultry 1,52,955 2,75,31,900 18,35,460 33,03,82,800 16.07 Fish 1,07,150 1,28,58,000 12,85,800 15,42,96,000 11.26 Mutton 5,175 10,35,000 62,100 1,24,20,000 0.54

6 Rural – Urban migration : Due lo lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using this rural- rural urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.

7 Women empowerment : For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family.

8 Creation of Assets : Using IWMP project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the respnsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal change will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.

9 Convergence with other Programmes : An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of and State Government will be opened for the project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of find. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.

10 Connectivity of the Project Area : Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease tranportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day person since time for travelling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monotoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG-NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach.

11 Food Security : In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity.

12 Disaster Risk Reduction Approach : Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosion and road block raise their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborned and Waterborned diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Reataining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.

PROJECT PROFILE

Serchhip : Serchhip IWMP – III

Name of Watershed 1. Lower Tuichang – V(3d1b2d3g) 2. Lower Tuichang – VI(3d1b2d3h) 3. Lower Tuichang – VII(3d1b21e) 4. Lower Tuichang – VIII(3d1b2d3f) 5. Lower Tuichang – IX(3d1b2e4c) 6. Lower Tuichang – X(3d1b2e4d) 7. Lower Tuichang – XI(3d1b2d2f) 8. Upper Tuichang – I(3d1b3a1a)

Area of the project : 5000 Ha Cost of the project : 750 Lakhs (a) Central share : 675 Lakhs (b) State share : 75 Lakhs

Villages to be covered (a) N. Vanlaiphai (b) Lungchhuan (c) Bawktlang (d) Piler (e) Khawlailung (f) Chekawn (g) Mualcheng

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sl. Drainage system Description no 1 Within Serchhip Tuipui drainage system drains only the south Tuipui Drainage eastern part of the district. Its important tributaries within the system district are Zawngatah lui, Arsi lui and Lengthum lui 2 Zuva lui originates from Lailen tlang near E. Lungdar village at a height of 1455m above mean sea level and flows southwards Zuva Drainage paralleling the Tuipui river till it confluence to Tiau river in the System south. It has many small tributaries and the notable ones are Dilkhawn lui, Saisiak lui, Sehawng lui and Mauhak Lui. 3 Tuichang river System is the largest drainage system within the district. It originates from Darngawn tlang near township at a height of 1449m above mean sea level. The main Tuichang I&II tributaries of Tuichang within the district are Tuikum lui, Tuisang Drainage lui in the mid -western part of the watershed whereas Varhva lui, System Chekawn lui, Tuiphal lui, Maicham lui are the important ones in the southern part of the watershed and in the north the important ones are Nghalrawh lui, Tuikau lui, Tuiphar lui, Kharzawl lui and lui 4 Mat Drainage Mat river originates from Baktawng tlang at a height of 1590m System above mean sea level near Baktawng village in and flows southward till it confluences to Chhimtuipui river in district in the south. Its main tributaries within the district are Hmawngkawn lui, Tuichar lui, Lumtu lui, Matvate and Darnam lui. 5 Tlawng river is one of the most important rivers of Mizoram and it is the longest river in Mizoram. It originates from Zopui tlang near Lunglei township at a height of 1480m above mean sea level and it flows northwards passing through five district of the state forming Tlawng district boundary line while running along its course. here also it Drainage system formed a district boundary line between Serchhip and district in the sout-western part of the district. Important tributaries of Tlawng river from the Serchhip district are Lik lui and Tuihnial lui before it enters to Azawl district.

LAND USE Area(S Sl.no Class Description % q.Km) Build upland is an area of human habitation, 11.84 0.83 development due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and Build up communications, utilizes in association with 1 land water, vegeattion and vacant lands. Serchhip district includes five towns namely i.e., Serchhip, and and 36 villages. These are lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fiber and other Agriculture 2 commercial horticulture crops. It includes land land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantation etc) Kharif crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying 2.1 Kharif 10.46 0.74 plains. A bulk of the kharif crop lands is found in the northern part of the district. This class includes areas, which is being utilized for plantation of cash crops. They 2.2 include a variety of agriculture/horticulture 8.09 0.58 Plantation plantations, of which the prominent ones are Tea, Coffee, Banana, Pineapple, Tung and Citrus woodlands. This class includes natural forests, which are not distributed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation and other human activities. 3.1 Forest 3 The crown density of this class is very thick. 183.54 12.91 Dense Sub-tropical foerst, evergreen and semi- evergreen forests covers major portion of this area. 3.2 The forest that have a crown cover neither too Medium thick nor too thin are classed under this 170.53 12.00 Dense category. The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest, which were once distributed and affected by biotic factors like shifting cultivation and human activities. 3.3 Less These forests are characterized by those lands 198.14 13.94 Dense where shifting cultivation had been practiced and then left fallow for over a year, the resultant new vegetation of which regenerated to form new forests. 3.4 Moist decidious bamboo forests are found to 474.04 33.34 Bamboo be distributed throughout Serchhip district. It is mostlly found in low-lying areas near streams and rivers. It constitutes the largest cover among the land use classes. 3.5 Forest Forest Plantations are distributed throughout 7.18 0.50 3 Plantatoni the district. Some has large coverage while most of them have area below the minimum mapable unit. The prominent forest plantations are Teak (Tectona grandis), Michelia champaca), Gamari(Gmelina arborea) and Alder 4.1 Current It is a traditional practice of growing crops on 66.60 4.68 Shifting forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and Cultivation burn method. These are associated with mountainous/hilly areas amidst forest cover and forest cleared areas. 4 4.2 These areas that were under shifting 217.79 15.32 Abandoned cultivation, left idle for more than one year but Shifting less than three years therby giving scope for Cultivation the regeneration of the secondary vegetation especially bamboo or grasses. These lands are generally prone to deterioration due to erosion. They generally occupy topographically high 5 Scrub Land 68.81 4.84 locations,excluding hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sprase vegetation within thin soil cover. This category comprises area with surface 6 Water body water, either impounded in the form of ponds, 4.58 0.32 lakes or flowing as streams and rivers etc. TOTAL 1421.60 100.00

The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.

Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (Dec) Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361

Sources : AH & Vety Department

Area & Production Major Crops

Name of crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 Sl.no Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Ha Cereals 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G.Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT/Ha 2 Increase productivity in WRC 1.7-1.2 MT/Ha 3 Incresase productivity in Jhum 0.92-1.2 MT/Ha 4 Farm Power Availability 0.25-0.75 KW/Ha 5 Fertilizer Consumption 42.07-60.00 Kg/Ha 6 Seed Replacement 30% in paddy and 40% in other crops 7 System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha

HISTORY OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE

HISTORY OF N.VANLAIPHAI VILLAGE

N. Vanlaiphai is a village situated at Serchhip District which is 175 Km from its main city Aizawl having a village boundary with Bawktlang, Lungchhuan and Lungkawlh. As regard to the origination of the village name there is legend which says that there once was a man called Vanlaiphaia. One he stood at this village and glanced at the landscape, he thought that this area is the middle part of the area. N. Vanlaiphai is often called ‘Chhura Vanlaiphai’. The main source of income is through. N. Vanlaiphai villagers are blessed with plentiful spring water sources which are called Sanpoh kawn tuikhur, Kham tui, khurpui Venglai, Rahsi Veng Khurpui, Hlingtui, Pu Khuanga tui, Khiangngaw, Mistiri tuikhur, Hmawng hnuai, Theuneu tuikhur, Bangla Veng tuikhur, Vaiveng khurpui, Sunhlu tuikhur, Hmeichhe tui, Ngaw Veng tuikhur, Hmingpaih tuikhur, Thlanmual thlang tuikhur I&II, Patan tuikhur, Pu Lalkulha tuikhur and KVK tuikhur.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 1890 2 Female 1908 Total 3798

Occupation 1 Cultivation 265 2 Government Services 450 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 44 4 Livestock farming 314 Total 1073

Educational Status

1 Primary School 3 2 2 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School 1 Total 7

Spring/Water Sources

1 Tuiphai Perennial 2 Varva Perennial 3 Maicham Perennial 4 Tuikual Decrease during winter seasn 5 Zuva Perennial

HISTORY OF LUNGCHHUAN VILLAGE

Lungchhuan is a village situated under Serchhip District having boundary with N. Vanlaiphai, Sialsir and Chekawn village which is just 140 Km from its main city Aizawl. The origination of the village name is taken from the term ‘lung’ which means ‘stone’ and ‘chhuan’ which mean ‘place’. One of the stone was placed candidly in this village and this was named after the village. Water sources are mainly seen through Khurpui and Paihte tui which are not dried up during the dry season. The main occupation of the villagers is through farming whrer rice, ginger, chillies and oranges are prevalently cultivated. With regard to educational development, one could find the effort and support put forth by the village leaders and the Government where one Primary School, one Middle School and one High School have been established.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 400 2 Female 390 Total 790

Occupation 1 Cultivation 124 2 Government Services 19 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 4 4 Livestock farming 119 Total 266

Educational Status 1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 3

Spring/Water Sources

1 Tuichang Perennial 2 Tuikual Perennial 3 Varva Perennial 4 Khurpui Perennial. 5 Paihte tui Perennial

HISTORY OF BAWKTLANG VILLAGE

Bawktlang is a small village having a total household of just 67 which falls under Serchhip distrcit which is just 174 Km from its main city Aizawl having a village boundary with N. Vanlaiphai and Mualcheng. The Village was formed under the chief Lallula. The main source of water collection is through spring water which are named Khurhnai. However Khurhnai is dried up during the dry season and often create difficulty for the villagers. Apart from Khurhnai water is collected from Hlumte tui. The main occupation of the inhabitants is through farming where rice, ginger, orange and chillies are cultivated. At present there are one Primary School and one Middle School.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 214 2 Female 182 Total 396

Occupation

1 Cultivation 54 2 Government Services 13 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 2 4 Livestock farming 66 Total 135

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water Sources

1 Darnam Perennial 2 Khurhnai Dry during winter season 3 Zuva Perennial 4 Varva Perennial.

HISTORY OF PILER VILLAGE

Piler is a small village under Serchhip District which is just 125 Km from its main city Aizawl having boundary with Khawlailung and Keitum village. At Present as sources indicates there are 85 househlod. The name of the village originates from the name of a person called ‘Pi Ler’ who once was a Queen. The village was name after this Queen. The Village is blessed with spring water sources which does not dried up during the dry season which are called Khurpui, Khawdungsei, Chhiarkim and Buhhminlo damtui. The main source of living of the villagers is through farming where rice, ginger, oranges and chillies are grown in plenty.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 300 2 Female 210 Total 510

Occupation

1 Cultivation 71 2 Government Services 12 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 2 4 Livestock farming 73 Total 158

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water Sources

1 Khurpui Perennial 2 Chhiarkim Perennial 3 Buhhminlo damtui Perennial 4 Varva Perennial. 5 Thalbul Perennial 6 Chelui Perennial

HISTORY OF KHAWLAILUNG VILLAGE

Khawlailung Village is a village having a total population of 1203 male and 1218 female persons with 466 number of household as on today. The village is situated at the middle of its bordering villages. Therefore the name is also taken after it. The main source of living is through farming where oranges, ginger etc are grown in plenty. Water is collected mainly from Tuilak tha, Paihte lui which is under Lungchhuan and from Khurpui.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 1203 2 Female 1218 Total 2421

Occupation

1 Cultivation 477 2 Government Services 43 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 12 4 Livestock farming 446 Total 978

Educational Status

1 Primary School 3 2 Middle School 2 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 6

Spring/Water Sources

1 PHE Water Supply Perennial 2 Khurpui Decrease during winter season 3 Varva Perennial 4 Sairil lui Perennial. 5 Chelui Perennial 6 Tuichang Perennial

HISTORY OF CHEKAWN VILLAGE

Chekawn village is a small village which falls under Serchhip District and is just 145 Km from its main city Aizawl having a boundary with Piler, Khawlailung and Mualcheng village. At present there are 50 number of household residing in this village. Water is collected mainly from ‘Phaidai Lui’ which is situated on the route to N. Vanlaiphai. The main source of income of the villagers is through farming where a number of ginger,oranges and rice are cultivated. As on today there are three Primary Schools, two Middle Schools and one High School.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 147 2 Female 136 Total 283

Occupation

1 Cultivation 50 2 Government Services 9 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 4 4 Livestock farming 36 Total 99

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water Sources

1 PHE Water Supply from Phaidai lui Perennial 2 Varva Perennial 3 Thalbullui Perennial 4 Chelui Perennial.

HISTORY OF N.MUALCHENG VILLAGE

N.Mualcheng is a village which falls under Serchhip District and is just 154Km from its main city Aizawl having boundary with East Lungdar. At present there are 273 househlod. The total population of the village is 1420 including 720 male and 700 female persons. In earlier years the name of the village wasa called ‘Kangzang’. Since the village is situated lower than its neihbouring villages it is calleed Mualcheng. The main source of water is through Gravity pipeline (Tuilak) which falls under Bawktlang jurisdiction, Chirhdup which again under Bawktlang area and Hriangkham. Spring water sources is also found at Darnam,Khurpui, Lengkir and Pu Vana tui. The main sources of income through farming where rice, ginger and oranges are found in plenty. At present they have two Primary Schools , one Middle School and one High School.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.no Total Population 1 Male 720 2 Female 700 Total 1420

Occupation 1 Cultivation 248 2 Government Services 25 3 Business/Micro Enterpreneur 8 4 Livestock farming 238 Total 519

Educational Status 1 Primary School 2 2 Middle School 1 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 4

Spring/Water Sources 1 Darnam Decrease during winter 2 Khurpui Decrease during winter 3 Lengkir Decrease during winter 4 Pu Vanatui Decrease during winter 5 Zuva Perennial 6 Varva Perennial 7 Lungva Perennial 8 Kawlkulh Perennial 9 Tuichang Perennial

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and Indigenous Technical Knowledge(ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementation, monitoring and post-withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakehloders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionaries.Various tools like Matrix ranking,Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation),Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers.

FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.

In view of the above points, none of the above items Sl/No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needsare actually what they want to have. Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Contruction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and Capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.

PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY 1 2 3 4 Proposed interventions to cover Sl.no Problem area Problem analysis come problems Soil Soil lost is immense due to direct rain Soil and moisture conservation Conservation drop resulting in soil erosion, destruction will be done by way of (slope, of vegetative barrier, decreased rainfall. construction of farm ponds, dug- erosion, soil Top soil loss decreased fertility of the out ponds, terracing, bench 1 loss, rainfall, land resulting in less productivity terracing, half moon terrace, productivity, contour trenching and planting etc trees, shifting cultivation will be controlled. Decrease in vegetative barrier resulted in In order to utilize every drop of high run off speed of rain water and less water in a meaningful way, all chance of recharging water table. Direct the streams in the project area Water sun light also decreases the moisture will be tapped to irrigate farm Conservation content of the soil. Once perennial land. Rain water will be (water streams become ephemeral. harvested in farm ponds, dug-out 2 budget, ponds and water harvesting ground water structures to recharge the ground norms, water content. Check dams will productivity) be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams. Practice of shifting cultivation destroyed Permanent farming will be crops and vegetative coverage. Sporadic introduced in the project area by Crop wild fire also destroyed a vast portion of three tier system. Canopy areas Coverage – land every year. Abandoned Jhum land will be treated to regenerate (80% of w/s 3 increases resulting in less vegetative forest, in the second tier area should coverage horticulture will be introduced, be with the third tier will be covered canopy) with WRC and Terrace for Agriculture activity. Due to loss of top soil, the productivity The productivity will be of land decreases tremendously, the enhanced by way of multiple productivity of land in case of paddy is cropping. Permanent crops will only 600Kg per acre, which is almost be introduced in slope areas, Agriculture 50% less than 10-15 years ago. The crop during the period seasonal and productivity wise district average for major crop is as annual crops will be sown which (crop wise below :- will doubled the income of the 4 compare Sl.no Project Area Dist.Average farmer. Organic manures will be with (a) Paddy- 750Kg/Ac used for enhancing the dist.average) 600Kg/Ac production as well as ensuring (b) Maize-800 950Kg/Ac quality. Drip-irrigation will be Kg/Ac provided to each farmer for (c) Banana-700 1000 Kg/Ac irrigating crops. WRC areas will Kg/Ac be provided with open or pipe

irrigation to enhance productivity and enable farmer to sow more than once in their area. Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture animals, draught animals and small land with proper management ruminants. Lack of technical know how and technical inputs for of animal management, remoteness of livestock farming Training at Livestock 5 the project area and lack of financial various indentified institute to Productivity support and infrastructure ensure growth and productivity. Developing infrastructure for production and marketing with logistic support. No employment opportunities in the Organizing the people to form project area to earn a living except in SHG’s and imparting training at Existing jhum lands where weeding is required. various identified institutes, Livelihood Lack of creativeness, training and door-step training at local area 6 activities for financial support for such persons. for Old-aged and handicapped Asset less persons. Developing persons infrastructure for production and marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. Community The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, MHIP Training for CBO’s/VO’s in based and MUP are not aware of the order to enable them to facilitate 7 Organization importance of SHG’s and Federations the newly formed SHG’s and & Social and lack creativity and innovative mind. federation for their growth and Capital base impart sense of ownership. Capacity There is no proper capacity building and Capacity building will be held at building awareness campaign. regular intervals. In order to (participation ensure mass-participation, the 8 , awareness time and venue should be of watershed notified in advance to all community) concerned. Due to the implementation of various In order to change the existing employment generation schemes, the work-culture, comprehensive people are used to earning their plan should be worked out to livelihood easily without much toil and ensure better profits from works Work culture sweat. They became irresponsible and done by each produce and induce 9 of Labour forget the Mizo work culture where the spirit of ownership of every force every family is self-sufficient. work done. Everyone should be made to deliver considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. Land During the implementation of NLUP and The Village Council in 10 Ownership MIP in Mizoram, community land consultation with Revenue Pattern available for jhuming was distributed to Department, Government of every family at the rate of 4 Acres. Even Mizoram should declared the after the dis-continuance of the allotment of land to those programmes, the allotee usually claimed allotees null and void, and re- their land allotted to them even if they distribute the land to deserving could not look after it. families who are willing to take up the activities under IWMP Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made authorities could not formulate plans to conscious of the importance of connect every potential area with roads connectivity to the potential to ease transportation of produces project areas. They will make Connectivity resulting in heavy burden for farmers fund available for construction of Watershed and cultivators. of road connectivity under every 11 Area and available schemes. This will ease Potential transportation of produces, Areas reduce the cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets. 12 Marketing of Even though the produces of the locality Produces will be quantified at produces is of small quantity, it became too much least three-folded in each item to for local consumption, but too little for enable the farmers to sell outside outside market. the locality. Transportation arrangement will be made at watershed committee level to ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours Due to lack of produces facilities for Cold storage facilities will be storing Horticultre products in local applied in the concerned area, the products became rotten in a Department undder the Storage of 13 short span of time, then farmers and where produces cultivators not only loses but are also every beneficiary will deposit demoralized. their produces before sending them to the market. Due to lack of banking infrastructure in Bank officials will be made to remote villages, credit linkage and paticipate more in the banking assistance are out of reach for implementation of the project the rural populace. where they could fetch a good return. The dormancy of service Credit 14 area of each banks will be made Linkage to revive, in return, the loaness will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loaness and SHG will be more profitable. Lack of There are only a few training facilities Recent establishment of R-SETI 15 Training and institutions for the rural artisans, at Zemabawk, KVK N. Infrastructur even though the existing ones are almost Vanlaiphai and farmers Training e and out of reach for them due to lack of Centre at Selesih will help Institutional sponsorship and financial support for upgrade the rural artisans, Support and upgradation of skills. farmers and micro Sponsorship enterpreneurss. Sponsorship will be done from training and capacity building fund of the project. Whenever possible, private trainers will be engaged to impart in – house/dooor step Training to old aged pensioner, widows and handicapped persons. Upgradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets. Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007,2008 Focus will be set to those areas & 2009, Vast bamboo forest was selected under the project to covered with dried bamboos. Some control wild fire, controlled miscreants used to set fire causing burning and watch of wild fire destruction of new young plants coming will be introduced. Sparodic 16 up Comprehensive Plan will be wild fire evolved at Village Level to create awareness. Village Level Authority will be encouraged to punish and fine those who cuased such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to management management, valuable time have been opened a Site Office within his thrown away which could be utilized in IWMP Project Area for better an efficient manner if management have co-ordination with the been properly arranged Watershed Committees, User Group, Selp-Help Groups and the beneficiaries. All programmes of training, awareness, capacity buildings and fields visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.

PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN

N. Vanlaiphai Lungchhuan Bawktlang Piler Khawlailung Chekawn Mualcheng TOTAL Physic Allocation Phys Allocation Physica Allocatio Physic Allocation Physic Allocation Phys Allocation Phys Allocatio Phys Allocation S al in in rupees ical in rupees l in No. n in al in in rupees al in in rupees ical in rupees ical n in ical in rupees / Name of works % No. & in & Ha rupees No. & No. & in in rupees in N Ha No. Ha Ha No. No. No. & & & & Ha Ha Ha Ha Preparation of 1 1 1 172500 1 97500 1 90000 1 90000 1 102000 1 115500 1 82500 1 750000 DPR Entry Point 2 4 6 690000 1 390000 3 360000 7 360000 2 408000 2 462000 1 330000 22 3000000 Activivity Institution & 3 Capacity 5 NA 862500 NA 487500 NA 450000 NA 450000 NA 510000 NA 577500 NA 412500 NA 3750000 Building Productivity 4 10 153 1725000 87 975000 80 900000 80 900000 90 1020000 103 1155000 73 825000 666 7500000 enhancement Livelihood for 5 9 138 1552500 78 877500 72 810000 72 810000 82 918000 92 1039500 66 742500 600 6750000 Asset less Natural 6 Resources 56 859 9660000 485 5460000 448 5040000 448 5040000 508 5712000 575 6468000 411 4620000 3733 42000000 Managemnet Monitoring & 7 2 NA 345000 NA 195000 NA 180000 NA 180000 NA 204000 NA 231000 NA 165000 NA 1500000 Evaluation Consolidation 8 3 NA 517500 NA 292500 NA 270000 NA 270000 NA 306000 NA 346500 NA 247500 NA 2250000 Phase 9 Administration 10 LS 1725000 LS 975000 LS 900000 LS 900000 LS 1020000 LS 1155000 LS 825000 LS 7500000 Total of sl.no (4,5 10 &6, Physical 1150 17250000 650 9750000 600 9000000 600 9000000 680 10200000 770 11550000 550 8250000 5000 75000000 0 financial over

DPR PLAN ABSTRACT

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Sl. Component Phy Fin (Rs) Phy Fin (Rs) Phy Fin (Rs) Phy Fin (Rs) Phy Fin (Rs) Phy Fin (Rs) no (No) (No) (No) (No) (No) (No) 1 Detail Project Report 1 750000 1 750000

3000000 2 Entry Point Activities (4%) 22 3000000 22

Institution & Capacity Building 3 NA 375000 NA 843750 NA 843750 NA 843750 NA 843750 NA 3750000 (5%) Production & Micro Enterprise 4 66 750000 200 2250000 200 2250000 200 2250000 666 7500000 (10%)

5 Livelihood for Assetless (9%) 40 450000 186 2100000 186 2100000 186 2100000 598 6750000

Natural Resource Management 6 580 6525000 995 11200000 1028 11575000 1128 12700000 3733 42000000 (56%)

7 Monitoring (1%) LS 150000 LS 200000 LS 200000 LS 200000 LS 750000

8 Evaluation (1%) - LS 375000 LS 375000 LS 750000

9 Consolidation Phase (3%) LS 2250000 LS 2250000

10 Administration (10%) LS 375000 LS 1781250 LS 1781250 LS 1781250 LS 1781250 LS 7500000

11 Financial Total of 4+5+6 0 0 686 7725000 1381 1555000 1414 15925000 1514 17050000 4995 56250000

PREPARATORY PHASE

SERCHHIP DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF PROJECT : SERCHHIP Amount Estimate earmarked Name of Cost Expenditure for EPA EPA Planned Balance Expected outcome Actual Outcome Village (Rs. In incurred (Rs. In lakhs) Lakhs) Roadside Bazar cum The roadside Bazar will benefit around 140 Lungchhuan 3.90 Waitingshed at 3.90 3.90 Nil househlods as this will provide the necessary infrastructure for the sale of their product Pavillion cum This Pavillion cum Waitingshed will benefit Mualcheng 3.30 Waitingshed near 3.30 3.30 Nil around 280 households Playground Public Water Point This Public Water point & Sanitary Latrine Chekawn 4.62 4.62 4.62 Nil & Sanitary Latrine will benfit around 40 househlods Public Water Point This Public Water point & Sanitary Latrine Khawlailung 4.08 4.08 4.08 Nil & Sanitary Latrine will benfit around 150 househlods 5,000 litre Capacity farm pond, Convergense 5,000 litre Capacity Piler 3.60 3.60 3.60 Nil with NLUP beneficiaries which is the state farm pond flagship Programme This Bazar Shed will benefit around 60 Bawktlang 2.50 Bazar Shed 2.50 2.50 Nil househlods as this will provide the necessary infrastructure for the sale of their product 5,000 litre Capacity farm pond, Convergense 5,000 litre Capacity Bawktlang 1.10 1.10 1.10 Nil with NLUP beneficiaries which is the state farm pond flagship Programme 5,000 litre Capacity farm pond, Convergense N. 5,000 litre Capacity 2.50 2.50 2.50 Nil with NLUP beneficiaries which is the state Vanlaiphai farm pond flagship Programme N. Construction of Rural This will provide necessary storage for around 4.40 4.40 4.40 Nil Vanlaiphai Godown 300 households during harvesting period WORK PLAN DETAILS

Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work phase (75%) : Rs. 562.5 Lakhs Total Area to be treated : 5000 Ha/Unit

Sl.no Watershed 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Development Works Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin (56%) a) Afforestaion 50 562500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 350 3938750 b)Horticulture 50 562500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 350 3938750 c)Agricultute/WRC 50 562500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 350 3938750 d) Others 30 337500 50 562500 60 675000 64 720000 204 2295000 e)Soil & Moisture Conservation i)Bench Terracing 50 562500 75 843750 80 900000 100 1125000 305 3431250 ii)Contour & Graded 50 562500 75 843750 80 900000 100 1125000 305 3431250 Bunds iii)Earthen Checks 50 562500 50 562500 60 675000 100 1125000 260 2925000 iv)Gully Plugs & 10 112500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 310 3487500 1 Loose Boulders f)Water Harvesting Structure i)Farm Pond 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 402 4522500 ii)Rain Water Harvest 50 562500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 350 3937500 Structure iii)Community Water 50 562500 100 1125000 100 1125000 100 1125000 350 3937500 tank iv)Others/Gravitational 40 450000 45 506250 48 540000 64 720000 197 2216250 Pipeline Sub Total 580 6525000 995 11200000 1028 11575000 1128 12700000 3733 42000000

*The share of each project villages will be ratio at the ratio of 23%, 13%, 12%, 12%, 13.6%, 15.4%, 11% for N. Vanlaipahai, Lungchhuan, Bawktlang, Piler, Khawlailung, Chekawn & Mualcheng respectively.

Livelihood 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Activities for Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Assetless (9%) No. of user on 20 225000 90 1012500 90 1012500 90 1012500 290 3262500 2 farm activities No. of user on off 20 225000 96 1087500 96 1087500 96 1087500 308 3487500 farm activities Sub total 40 450000 186 2100000 186 2100000 186 2100000 598 6750000 Production System & Micro Enterprise (10%)

Area/User on farm activities

i)Sericulture 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 ii)Fisheries 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 3 iii)Bee keeping 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 iv)Micro 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 Enterprise v)Poultry 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 vi)Piggery 10 112500 30 337500 30 337500 30 337500 100 1125000 vii)Others 6 75000 20 225000 20 225000 20 225000 66 750000 Sub total 66 750000 200 2250000 200 2250000 200 2250000 666 7500000 Grand total 686 7725000 1381 15550000 1414 15925000 1514 17050000 4995 56250000 (1+2+3)

*The share of each project villages will be ratio at the ratio of 23%, 13%, 12%, 12%, 13.6%, 15.4%, 11% for N. Vanlaipahai, Lungchhuan, Bawktlang, Piler, Khawlailung, Chekawn & Mualcheng respectively.

CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE SERCHHIP DISTRICT : MIZORAM

NAME OF SERCHHIP -III : COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES PROJECT TARGET Target Mandays Name Activity Estimated Area Area Expected no. of Propose Estimate WDF Treated Expenditure Actual no of WDF under the Of Village d Expenditure Contributi under the incurred beneficiaries Collected activities Beneficiaries TOTAL WOMEN on activity Ha After completion of the project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e Gravity pipeline, Open-Irrigation Chanel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the neneficiaries. MIS-TABLE- M(PA)C1 This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. this MIS-Table is an Assets register of the project, therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.

CAPACITY BUILDING INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN SERCHHIP DISTRICT : MIZORAM

Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization

State Institute of Rural Rural Development & State 1 Development, : Watershed Management Government Mizoram Rural Development & Extension Training Centre, State 2 Watershed Management Thingsulthliah : Mizoram Government

Home Sciences, Animal Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Central Husbandry, Agriculture 3 N.Vanlaiphai : Mizoram Government and allied subjects

Indian Council for Agriculture Agriculture, Horticulture Central 4 Research (ICAR) Kolasib; and allied subjects Government Mizoram Carpentry, Handloom, Rural – Self Employment Knitting, Embroidery, Central 5 Training Institute (RSETI) Handicraft, Shoe repair Government Zemabawk; Mizoram etc.

Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Industrial Training Institute State 6 Science, Handloom & (ITI), ITI Veng; Aizawl Government Handicraft

Livestock farming & Farmers Training Centre, State 7 Management Selesih; Mizoram Government

State Weaving & Handloom 8 Weaving Centre, Luangmual Government

INSTITUTIONAL AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN - SERCHHIP: III Name of Institution & Activities identified Financial Fish Farmers Training Sl. Targeted R-SETI Zemabawk & Year Name of Activity Target in SIRD Kolasib, DWCDC Saiha & Centre ,KVK No. Beneficiaries ITI Saiha. Weaving lakhs ETC Pukpui SLNA Mizoram Saiha & Farmer Training Centre Luangmual. Centre Selesih I 1 PIA & WDT 5 1.5 Concept of IWMP 2 Watershed 43 1.5 Concept of Committee IWMP 3 SHG & UG 38 1.5 Concept of IWMP 4 Beneficiaries 38 1.5 Concept of Mobilization of IWMP Resources Management & Convergence 5 PIA, WDT & WC 50 1.5 Concept of IWMP Sub Total 173 7.5

II 1 Rural Artisans 50 1.5 Formation of SHG Skill upgradation & Management of products 2 Livestock Farmers 60 1.5 Formation of SHG Skill upgradation and Animal Husbandry 3 Gardening & Crop 67 3 Formation of SHG Multiple Cropping & Production Crop Husbandry 4 Micro 90 4.5 Formation of SHG Marketing, Skill Entrepreneurs & upgradation & Skill Petty Trade development 5 Watershed 69 4.5 Formulation of Formation of SHG Committee Action Plan Sub Total 336 15

IIII 1 Rural Artisans 23 0.5625 Credit linkage and Formation of Skill upgradation & Management Resources mobilization UG of products 2 Livestock Farmers 45 1.125 Credit linkage and Formation of Skill Resources mobilization UG upgradation and Animal Husbandry 3 Gardening & Crop 75 1.125 Credit linkage and Formation of Multiple Production Resources mobilization UG Cropping & Crop Husbandry 4 Micro 56 1.125 Credit linkage and Formation of Marketing, Skill upgradation & Entrepreneurs Resources mobilization UG Skill development 5 Petty Trade 48 1.6875 Credit linkage and Formation of Resources mobilization UG Sub Total 247 5.625

IV 1 Rural Artisans 23 1.125 Credit linkage and Federation Skill upgradation & Management Resources mobilization of products 2 Livestock Farmers 56 0.5625 Credit linkage and Federation Skill Resources mobilization upgradation and Animal Husbandry 3 Gardening & Crop 98 3.9375 Credit linkage and Federation Multiple Production Resources mobilization Cropping & Crop Husbandry 4 Micro Credit linkage and Federation Marketing, Skill upgradation & Entrepreneurs Resources mobilization Skill development 5 Petty Trade Credit linkage and Federation Resources mobilization Sub Total 177 5.625

V 1 Rural Artisans Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Management Resources of products mobilization 2 Livestock Farmers Credit linkage and Skill Resources upgradation mobilization and Animal Husbandry 3 Gardening & Crop Credit linkage and Multiple Production Resources Cropping & mobilization Crop Husbandry 4 Micro 56 1.125 Credit linkage and Marketing, Skill upgradation & Entrepreneurs Resources Skill development mobilization 5 Petty Trade 56 1.125 Credit linkage and Resources mobilization 6 PIA & Watershed 60 1.5 Consolidation of Exit protocol, Committee Project withdrawal mechanism Sub Total 173 3.75 GRAND TOTAL 1105 37.5

BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION Location of the watershed

Name of the Name of the district Serchhip Serchhip R.D.Block Mandal/Block

N.Vanlaiphai, Lungchhuan, bawktlang, Piler, Name of the Gram Panchayat (s) Latitude 23006'24" - 23015'19"N Khawlailung, Chekawn, Mualcheng

Elevetion from MSL

Highest elevation in the Relief/Height 748 Lowest elevation in the watershed ( above MSL) - 219 watershed (above MSL) difference (mt) - 529 WATERSHED MAP

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS

District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.

Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.

Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA

Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team. (2) Independent and dedicated officer. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions. (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl. (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee.

Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area covered too many villages. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like, MGNREGA, IAY, SGSY and Election matters. (4) No experience in watershed management.

Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS

Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.

PIA & WATERSHED COMMITTEE DETAILS, SERCHHIP - III

Name Block Development Officer, Address E.Lungdar RD Block. WDT Members: Name Veng/Khua 1 Lalthakima Pautu Mualcheng 2 Lalthanpuia sailo AOC veng, 3 F.Lalrinsiama New Serchhip 4 R.Zonunmawia Durtlang North

WATERSHED COMMITTEE UNDER IWMP SERCHHIP-III

PILER Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 Lalringliana Chairman 2 Pc Lalbuatsaiha Secretary 3 H.Buanghmingthanga Member 4 Hrangbuanga Member 5 Vanlalhruaitluangi Member 6 C.Dawngkima Member 7 Neihkunga Member 8 Kaphmingthanga Member 9 Lalthlamuana Member 10 Lalthakima Pautu WDT

KHAWLAILUNG Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 CD Lalchhanhima Chairman 2 JN Laltlankima Secretary 3 Khawlliana Member 4 K.Vanrengpuia Member 5 David Lalhlupuia Member 6 Lalhmangaihthanga Member 7 Khuangziki Member 8 Kapkima Member 9 Bawichhuaka Member 10 Lalthakiama Pautu WDT

CHEKAWN Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 Lalbiakmawia Chairman 2 Lalnundika Secretary 3 Lianremthangi Member 4 Sangawia Member 5 Lalremruata Member 6 K.Malsawmkima Member 7 Vanlalnunthiama Member 8 Kapkima Member 9 Lalthannghaka Member 10 R.Zonunmawia WDT

MUALCHENG Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 H.Lalsangliana Chairman 2 VL Sawmliana Secretary 3 Lalthansangi Member 4 Fangzauva Member 5 K.Denghmingthanga Member 6 Zodinpuia Member 7 Lalhmunsanga Member 8 Lalpianmawia Member 9 Lalrengpuia Kawlni Member 10 R.Zonunmawia, WDT WDT

LUNGCHHUAN Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 C.Lalvena Chairman 2 Lalbeiseia Secretary 3 Lalhmunsiami Member 4 R.Lalsawma Member 5 R.Lalvunga Member 6 T.Parlawma Member 7 R.Lalsangliana Member 8 Lalthannghaka Member 9 R.Laldampuia Member 10 R.Zonunmawia, WDT WDT

N. VANLAIPHAI Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 C.Lalvena Chairman 2 Lalbeiseia Secretary 3 J.Chenhranga Member 4 C.Lalhlimpuia Member 5 R.Vanlalvawna Member 6 H.Ralkhuma Member 7 F.Nghinglova Member 8 Zoramthanga Member 9 Roneihkima Member 10 Lalchhandama Member 11 Lalramsiami Member 12 TC Zoremmawia Member 13 RLT Muanzuala Member 14 F.Lalrinsiama WDT

BAWKTLANG Sl.No Representatives Designation 1 RL Vuana Chairman 2 Vanlaldika Secretary 3 Huliana Member 4 Lalfamkima Member 5 Hmangaihtluanga Member 6 C.Lalhawngliana Member 7 R.Lalparthanga Member 8 R.Kapthuama Member 9 VL Vuana Member 10 Ramngaihsangi Member 11 H.Zaikhuma Member 12 Hmangaihzuava Member 13 F.Lalrinsiama, WDT WDT

CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$

Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area purpose during No V/C

N.Vanlaiphai, formulation of AAP under MG-NREGA. Lungchhuan, SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund, Block/Village SGSY/NRLM and MKSP will be identified, No SGSY, NRLM and MKSP Fund. level under IWMP Bawktlang, 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the 1 same, convergence of the two programmes relating to financial assistance will be as follows: Piler, (a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 Khawlailung, approximately.

(b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under Chekawn, IWMP is Rs.10950. NLUP Implementing (c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one Board & SLNA WDF & User unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be Mualcheng. charges, Collection NLUP No assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and Centre. Selection of those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900 Crops. under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually.

(d) The quantum of assistance to be received from the two programmes shall not exceed Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.

2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the

facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is

not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this

provision, necessary contribution as WDF and user

charges should be contributed by NLUP Watershed beneficiaries. Committee 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as collection level & Village Level centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes

Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.

The major outcomes expected are –

i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.

ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.

iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 56% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.

iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.

v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.

vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.

vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.

viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building

ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.

x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.

xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.

Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole. EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 ii) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 SERCHHIP - 1 iii) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 III Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)

Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan. Goals of monitoring: 1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization. Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.

Goals of evaluation: 1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.

For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-

i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.

There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.

Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.

PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc

(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.

(a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm

TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc.

b) Hard soil

½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum

TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc.

e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.

4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00 ( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc.

b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum

(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20

2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.

20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56

3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete

30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm

TOTAL = 1180 Rm

(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE

Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in-

b) Hard soil

20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85

SAY = Rs.11280.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc

b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc

e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating

3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00 ( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only. ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00 ( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS

HEART WOOD POST

30 M

40 M

GI WIRE

PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY

SPACE FOR PIC HEART 1.20 X 1.80 WOOD POST

2.40 m

3.60m

PLAN

GCI SHEET ROOF

0.90m

1.20 m

1.20 m

0.60 m

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1.80 m

BRICK WALL

1.20 m BRICK WALL

2.50 m

PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED

HEART WOOD

SPACE FOR 2.40 m CHICKEN

3.60 m

PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING

1.20 m

0.90 m G.L

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND

1.80 m

2.50 m

PLAN

G.L

BRICK WALL 1.20 m

PCC 1:2:4

ELEVATION

PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE

TERRACE 1.20 12.60 X 1.20

0.30

12.60

HILL SLOBE

TERRACE

CROSS SECTION

MIRCRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

AN IDEAL MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

I- TIER. RIDGE

AREA

AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES

II- TIER

HORTICULTURE CROP AREA Ephemeral Streams become Perenial

SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING,

HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.

III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA

AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)

RIVER / RIVULETS