Notes and Queries A FRENCHMAN AT MEETING, 1785 lost patience and departed as FRENCH interest in Great Britain he relates in the margin of p. 34. was quickened in the eighteenth " II arrive quelquefois que century in spite of the political " persone ne prent la parole, et je differences between the two " suis tomb6 maladroitement sur countries which resulted in the " un de ces jours. Je comptois long series of colonial wars and " beaucoup sur un homme qui ended in the continental war " pousoit frequament de gros with Napoleon. One expression € t soupirs, mais il s'entint la. Je of this interest is seen in the t 4 perdis patience et sortis apr£s printed guidebooks which were " une heure de scilence. Us sont on sale in France during the " neenmoins tres estimables et period. Many of these mention " sont tres charitables et bien- Friends dealing more or less " faisants." superficially with their main beliefs and form of worship. GEORGE Fox AND WAR The Tableau de Londres et de ses environs, avec un precis de la GERALD BULLETT, in The English constitution de I'Angleterre, & de Mystics (London, Michael sa decadence, by Fra^ois La Joseph, 1950. I2s. 6d.) has Combe (1785), has (p. 34) a studies of George Fox, the Cam­ section on " Quakers, ou Trem- bridge Platonists, William Law, bleurs," in which travellers are William Blake and others. The advised to go to meeting one author has a refreshing if some­ Sunday. The account does not times slangy way of putting his resist the temptation to poke fun points. Writing of George Fox's at Friends, but it closes on a repudiation of war, Gerald Bullett favourable note and mentions says " his absolutism was never that in Pennsylvania 200,000 tested " and argues away his negroes have been set free refusal to join the army as not " Quelie le£on pour les Mon- counting because it would have arques! " been refusal only to fight in a The interest of the copy of this civil war. But why so ? Were work in Leeds University Library there not English troops in lies in the fact that it contains Jamaica under the Common­ marginal notes on prices, 'times wealth ? And did Fox rise or for travelling, and on the relia­ rouse his Friends to fight for the bility of the printed account. Catholic James or the Protestant These notes are by one Richard Monmouth before the ill-starred de Vesvrolle(P), jotted down Sedgmoor battle ? And did Fox during, or from the recollection bid Friends pray for victory or of, a visit to London in the fight for Friend Charles when the summer of 1785. Dutch were firing in the Thames The traveller followed the and Medway towns and prayers guidebook's advice and went to were being said in all the churches meeting one day. The meeting in England for victory over the was silent, and after an hour he invader ?

99 100 NOTES AND QUERIES ROBERT SCOTHORN THE DECLARATION OF THE March, 1952, issue of the INDULGENCE IN DEVON Southwell Magazine includes an Devonshire Studies, by W. G. interesting account of Robert Hoskins and H. P. R. Finberg Scothorn (b. 1659) one of the (London, Cape, 1952), includes at early emigrants from Notting­ pp. 366-395 " A Chapter of hamshire to Pennsylvania, and Religious History " by H. P. R. of the joint Anglo-American Finberg. Dealing with the interest in erecting a memorial to Declaration of Indulgence, he him in Oxton church, Notts, says that the number of licences where he was baptised on 23rd taken out under the Declaration April, 1659. during the year in which it held Oxton provided four early good was 160 a larger number settlers in Pennsylvania than in any other county. Thomas Worth and Samuel " Classified under the several Bradshaw (1682), Thomas denominations, these licences are Bradshaw (1683) and Robert a good index of their relative Scothorn (1684). The memorial strength. Presbyterian 119, was unveiled on I4th October, Congregationalist 32, Baptist 7, 1951 (William Penn's birthday). Quaker 2." THOMAS MAULE AND WITCHCRAFT CUMBERLAND & WESTMORLAND The Devil in Massachusetts, by FRIENDS, 1670 Marion L. Starkey (Robert Hale. " The population of the diocese 18s.) is a book concerned with of Carlisle in 1676," an article in the witch trials in the colony at Transactions of the Cumberland the close of the seventeenth 6- Westmorland Antiquarian & century. Archaeological Society, vol. 51, It is interesting to note Quaker new series (1952), pp. 137-141, by Thomas Maule's warning to Francis Godwin James, gives in Salem, that the witchcraft scare tabular form, by parishes and had been fabricated " from the archdeaconries, numbers of per­ petty hates and envies of the sons of age to communicate (in community." church), Popish recusants, Quakers, and other dissenters. CLARKS OF STREET The information comes from Clarks of Street, 1823-1950 (48 pp. papers in vol. 144 of the Bodleian js. 6d.) is an historical and Library Tanner MSS. and is descriptive brochure of the based on returns from parish development of the footwear- ministers to their bishop. manufacturing firm of C. & J. The returns are incomplete, Clark, Ltd., of Street, in Somer­ the total possible communicants set. It will have interest outside were returned as little more than trade circles. There are portraits 23,000 in numbers. The per­ of the leading figures in the centage of recusants is estimated firm's history, a Clark family at £ per cent., of Quakers 2.2 per tree, and many photographs cent., and of other - dissenters and illustrations including the together at i .9 per cent. Of the Street Meeting House built in 497 Quakers, more than half were 1850 and its forerunner on the in Alerdale Deanery (Calebeck 70, same site. Wigton 40, Bridekirk 30, Isell 22, NOTES AND QUERIES 101 Kirkbride 21), where only three time, taken from the records of of the 16 parishes which made the Exeter diocesan visitation of returns reported no Quakers. 1744-1745. Elsewhere Friends were scattered more thinly. Carlisle Deanery SOCIAL WORK IN LIVERPOOL counted 126 (Wetherall 20, and Charitable Effort in Liverpool in Burgh by Sands 18, the largest) ; the igth Century, by Margaret B. Westmorland Deanery 104 Simey (Liverpool University (Ravenstonedale 32, Kirkby Press, 1951), has much informa­ Stephen 19, the largest) ; Cum­ tion concerning the social work berland Deanery the fewest, 55 of Josephine Butler, James (only Grasdale, 12, and Dacre, Martineau, James H. Thorn and and Castle Sowerby with the Rathbone family, with a Raghtonhead, 10 each, reaching close study of the squalid con­ double figures). ditions they faced and the organi­ zations they formed to ameliorate W. E. FORSTER the lot of the poor and un­ William Edward Forster : poli­ privileged. We meet James tician, statesman, educationist, an Cropper and his " crockery of article by G. F. A. Baer, appears Quaker drab " with the figure of in The Universities review, vol. 24, a negro in chains (p. 26n). no. 2, pp. 103-109. Mr. Baer traces the life of W. E. Forster GEORGE KEITH AND THE from his birth at Bradpole in S.P.G. July, 1818, through his education Into all Lands : the History of the and business life, until his Society for the Propagation of the marriage with Jane, daughter of Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701- Dr. Arnold of Rugby, in 1850, 1950, by Henry Paget Thompson and then his launch forth into (S.P.C.K. 1951. 425.) includes the political area on behalf of some account of the activities of reformist movements. George Keith (and a portrait taken from an engraving) ; CORNISH QUAKERISM, 1744 extracts from Colonel Morris's IN The Early Cornish Evangeli­ survey of the relative strength of cals, 1735-60 : a study of Walker religious bodies in New Jersey, of Truro and others (S.P.C.K. and other material of a similar 1951. i6s. 6d.), G. C. B. Davies nature. recounts Samuel Walker's report on his cure at Lanlivery in 1744. CHURCH RATES, 1813 In the parish there were no NOTTINGHAM petty sessions dissenters " excepting one family records for 1812-1813 include, consisting of two persons, and a under date loth May, 1813, a list single person in another family, of " Names of the Quakers who who are Quakers. The house of have refused to pay an Assess­ the former is licensed, and the ment to the Repairs of the few Quakers in the neighbour­ Church of St. Marys Nottingham hood usually meet there on for the yr 1812." The sums due Sundays, but have no teaching, ranged from £2 38. (Samuel Fox) unless occasionally by an itinerant to is. (Joseph Armitage jr.) ; preacher." There are one or two the Friends concerned were : other notices of Friends at this Samuel Routh, William Fox, 102 NOTES AND QUERIES Samuel Fox, Joseph Whitlark, Friends, and the functions of Mary Hoatham, John Gregory, Elders and Overseers in en­ Joseph Armitage, Joseph [John lightening and guiding others. in the summons] Armitage jr., ''If this guidance has made too Messrs. Scales and Bake well, much of trivial matters of dress George Bott. and recreation, it has also assailed The above information comes slavery, racial discrimination, and from Records of the Borough of dishonesty with uncompromising Nottingham, vol. 8 : 1800-1835 insistence/ 1 (Nottingham, Forman, 1952), p. 176. In the same volume PILLS AND PUBLISHING (p. 188) we find a sum of 135. 4John Alden, has an article entitled " Pills and Publishing : IRISH RELIEF RECORDS, Some Notes on the English Book 1847-1865 Trade, 1660-1715," in which he IN Irish Historical Studies, vol. 8, uses advertisements for patent no. 29 (pp. 45-58), there is medicines to be found in the A short guide to the Public Record library of the British Museum, Office of Ireland by Margaret to broaden our knowledge of the Griffith. This includes notes of booksellers under the later the main collections of non- Stuarts. official material which has been The advertisements usually in the Office since 1922. On give names of persons selling the p. 54 we find the entry : particular medicine recommend­ " A large collection of papers ed, and Mr. Alden has brought (reports, accounts and corre­ unrecorded booksellers to light. spondence) presented by the Friends will be interested that Religious Society of Friends, Charles Marshall, the Quaker dealing with the work of the minister and apothecary, one of society in relieving distress, the earliest converts of Camm and 1847-1865." Audland's ministry in Bristol, is mentioned for A Plain and QUAKER DISCIPLINE Candid Account of the Nature, JOHN T. MCNEILL, Professor of Uses and Quantities of some Church History at Union Theo­ Experienced Medicines (London, logical Seminary, New York, has 168-?), 8 pp. quarto, [Wing a chapter in his recent book M74i ; BM : 546^.44.(3.)] A History of the Cure of Souls which seems to differ from the (SCM Press, 1952. 255.) on edition quoted in Joseph Smith's " The Care of Souls in Congre­ Catalogue of Friends' Books, gationalism, the Baptist churches, 11.146, in title, format, and Quakerism and Methodism.'' He imprint. The British Museum notes the features of mutual edition of the Account mentions, admonition and correction among appropriately enough, the three NOTES AND QUERIES 103 Quaker booksellers, Andrew " Quaker Methodists " of War- Sowle, Benjamin Clark and John rington on Hugh Bourne, one of Bringhurst. It is probably the the early Primitive Methodists, 1681 edition, issued at about the and the possible preparation for same time as the letter of recom­ Bourne's acceptance of the minis­ mendation for Charles Marshall's try of women through his reading medicines signed by Bristol of the works of early Quakers Friends (see Smith : 11.614 under (1799). Richard Snead's name) ; while the edition of the A ccount quoted GEORGE GRAVES by Smith, printed by T. Sowle, IN Watsonia, vol. 2, part 2, and giving Charles Marshall's pp. 93-99 (I95 1 )* w- H. Curtis, address in Winchester Street F.S.A., contributes a brief (after 1684 when he was released account of George Graves, 1784- from the Fleet), may probably 1839, of Walworth, Peckham, and be dated between 1691 and 1694 lastly of Edinburgh. Graves was from Tace Sowle's imprint. a writer on botany and on British birds and their eggs. The son of William Graves the QUAKER METHODISTS colourist of the plates in William THE March, 1952, number of the Curtis's botanical works, in 1806 Proceedings of the Wesley His­ he married William Curtis's neice, torical Society (vol. 28, part 5) Mary Curtis, and he and his wife includes the first portion of an left the Society of Friends shortly article on " The women itinerant after their marriage. W. H. preachers of early Methodism" Curtis has kindly sent a copy of by Wesley F. Swift. The author his article to the Library, Friends mentions the influence of the House.