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Chapter 2 Economic Model of a Professional Football Club in France
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository Chapter 2 Economic model of a professional football club in France Nicolas Scelles and Wladimir Andreff The economic model of football clubs is a revenue model but also a cost model in relation to their objective. It can be defined as the search for balance between revenues, costs and objective, and the latter can vary: profit maximization, sporting maximization under strict constraint (“hard” constraint), or “soft” budget constraint (Andreff, 2009). In France, the revenue model of football clubs has evolved with time. This mutation fits in the switch from an SSSL (Spectators-Subventions-Sponsors- Local) model to an MMMMG (Media-Magnats-Merchandising-Markets-Global) model at the European level (Andreff & Staudohar, 2000). Before 1914, sport financing came mainly from practitioners (Bourg et Gouguet, 2001, p. 19). Thereafter, with competitions as spectacle, spectators have become the primary source of revenue, ahead of the subsidies granted by the local authorities and industry patrons. Advertising revenues have gradually become more and more important and, in the 1960s and 1970s, sponsorship increased significantly as firms were seeking more direct identification in terms of audience, image, reputation and sales (Andreff et Staudohar, 2000, p. 259) . In France, during the 1970s, operating revenues of first division football clubs came mainly from the spectators, supplemented by subsidies and sponsorship. The SSSL model was at its peak, with its “L” finding its justification in the fact that the revenues were generated from local or national residents. The 1980s is the starting point of a continuous increase in the share of TV rights income for French clubs. -
Textually Produced Landscape Spectacles? a Debordian Reading of Finnish Namescapes and English Soccerscapes
Textually Produced Landscape Spectacles? A Debordian Reading of Finnish Namescapes and English Soccerscapes Jani Vuolteenaho Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies Sami Kolamo University of Tampere In this article, a critical attempt is made to read the language of contemporary urban boosterism – its eulogistic adjectives and slogans, escapist evocations in nomenclature, nostalgic narratives, etc. – through the lens of The Society of the Spectacle (1995, orig. 1967), Guy Debord’s controversial theoretico-political manifesto. Through discussion of empirical examples, the authors shed light on different types of in-situ landscape texts in Finnish and English cities. In the former national context, culturally escapist and non-native names given to leisurescapes and technoscapes have mushroomed over the last quarter century. While this process represents a semi-hegemonic rather than hegemonic trend, many developers’ reliance on the “independent” representational power of language has substantially reshaped naming practices in the non-Anglophone country. The analysis of different types of promotional texts at England’s major soccerscapes evinces the co-presence of nostalgic evocations of local history amidst the hypercommodification of space. Arguably, the culturally self-sufficient, tradition- aware representational strategies in current English football stem from pressure from fans, the country’s status as the cradle of modern football, and a privileged possibility to promote the game’s “native” meanings via a globally-spoken language. Finally, this article addresses the pros and cons of using the spectacle theoretical framework to analyse critically language-based urban boosterism and branding under the current conditions of neoliberal urbanism. Jani Vuolteenaho, Lieven Ameel, Andrew Newby & Maggie Scott (eds.) 2012 Language, Space and Power: Urban Entanglements Studies across Disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences 13. -
Fifa Women's World Cup France 2019Tm
FIFA WOMEN'S WORLD CUP FRANCE 2019 TM Official Hospitality Programme | Order Form | MATCH Club and MATCH Shared Suite Version 01 – 19th October 2018 If MATCH Hospitality approves your order (which it may do at its discretion), you will be sent a Confirmation of Please print out, sign and return via e-mail to Purchase as soon as reasonably possible following the receipt of your Hospitality Order Form. GROUP MATCHES Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday TOTAL € 7 June 8 June 9 June 10 June 11 June 12 June 13 June 14 June 15 June 16 June 17 June 18 June 19 June 20 June Valenciennes 05 | C1 vs. C2 15 | B1 vs. B3 22 | E4 vs. E2 30 | C2 vs. C3 Stade du Hainaut MCL 120 € MCL 95 € MCL 120 € MCL 95 € € 04 | B3 vs. B4 10 | E3 vs. E4 19 | D1 vs. D3 28 | B2 vs. B3 35 | F4 vs. F1 Le Havre MCL 120 € MCL 95 € MCL 95 € MCL 95 € MCL 95 € € Stade Océane MSS 235 € MSS 195 € MSS 195 € MSS 195 € MSS 195 € € 02 | A3 vs. A4 11 | F1 vs. F2 18 | C4 vs. C2 26 | A2 vs. A3 33 | E4 vs. E1 Reims Stade Auguste MCL 120 € MCL 95 € MCL 120 € MCL 95 € MCL 95 € € Delaune MSS 235 € MSS 195 € MSS 235 € MSS 195 € MSS 195 € € 01 | FRA vs. A2 08 | D3 vs. D4 16 | B4 vs. B2 23 | F1 vs. F3 32 | D2 vs. D3 Paris MCL 160 € MCL 95 € MCL 95 € MCL 120 € MCL 95 € € Parc de Princes MSS 320 € MSS 195 € MSS 195 € MSS 235 € MSS 195 € € FRIDAY 21 JUNE FRIDAY Rennes 03 | B1 vs. -
FIFA Women's World Cup – France 2019
FIFA Women’s World Cup – France 2019 RELEASE: 2/27/19 (Version 1) GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D GROUP E GROUP F France Germany Australia England Canada USA Korea Republic China PR Italy Scotland Cameroon Thailand Norway Spain Brazil Argentina New Zealand Chile Nigeria South Africa Jamaica Japan Netherlands Sweden DATE TIME (ET) LENGTH MATCH VENUE NETWORK GROUP STAGE Fri 06/07/2019 03:00 PM 2.0 France vs Korea Republic Parc des Princes, Paris FS1 Sat 06/08/2019 09:00 AM 2.0 Germany vs China PR Roazhon Park, Rennes FS1 Sat 06/08/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 Spain vs South Africa Stade Océane, Le Havre FOX Sat 06/08/2019 03:00 PM 2.0 Norway vs Nigeria Stade Auguste-Delaune, Reims FOX Sun 06/09/2019 07:00 AM 2.0 Australia vs Italy Stade du Hainaut, Valenciennes FS1 Sun 06/09/2019 09:30 AM 2.0 Brazil vs Jamaica Stade des Alpes, Grenoble FS1 Sun 06/09/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 England vs Scotland Stade de Nice, Nice FOX Mon 06/10/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 Argentina vs Japan Parc des Princes, Paris FS1 Mon 06/10/2019 03:00 PM 2.0 Canada vs Cameroon Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier FS1 Tue 06/11/2019 09:00 AM 2.0 New Zealand vs Netherlands Stade Océane, Le Havre FS1 Tue 06/11/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 Chile vs Sweden Roazhon Park, Rennes FS1 Tue 06/11/2019 03:00 PM 2.0 USA vs Thailand Stade Auguste-Delaune, Reims FOX Wed 06/12/2019 09:00 AM 2.0 Nigeria vs Korea Republic Stade des Alpes, Grenoble FS1 Wed 06/12/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 Germany vs Spain Stade du Hainaut, Valenciennes FOX Wed 06/12/2019 03:00 PM 2.0 France vs Norway Stade de Nice, Nice FOX Thu 06/13/2019 12:00 PM 2.0 Australia -
Jay-Z and Beyoncé Join Forces for Otr Ii Tour
JAY-Z AND BEYONCÉ JOIN FORCES FOR OTR II TOUR – Stadium Tour Kicks Off in UK & Europe on June 6; North American Leg Starts July 25th – – Citi, TIDAL, and Beyhive Pre-sales Begin March 14th – – Tickets On Sale to General Public Starting March 19th at LiveNation.com – LOS ANGELES, CA (Monday, March 12, 2018) – JAY-Z AND BEYONCÉ are joining forces for the newly announced OTR II stadium tour. Kicking off Wednesday, June 6th in Cardiff, UK, the international outing will stop in 15 cities across the UK and Europe and 21 cities in North America. The full itinerary can be found below. The tour is presented by Live Nation Global Touring in association with Parkwood Entertainment and Roc Nation. Tickets will go on sale to the general public starting Monday, March 19th at LiveNation.com and all usual outlets. On-sale dates and times vary (full on-sale schedule provided below). Citi is the official credit card for the OTR II stadium tour and as such, Citi cardmembers can take advantage of a special pre-sale opportunity for show dates in the United States, Europe and the UK. For performances going on sale on Monday, March 19th in the US and Europe, Citi cardmembers may purchase tickets beginning Wednesday March 14th at noon through Saturday, March 17th at 5pm (Citi pre-sale in Paris ends Friday, March 16th at 6pm). For concerts in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Poland, Citi cardmembers may access tickets starting Monday, March 19th at noon through Thursday, March 22nd at 5pm prior to the general on-sale on Friday, March 23rd. -
U2 Tour 2010/2011
U2 360° TOUR 2010/2011 EUROPE: 06-August Turin, Italy Stadio Olimpico Kasabian 10-August Frankfurt, Germany Commerzbank-Arena Kasabian 12-August Hannover, Germany AWD Arena Kasabian 15-August Horsens, Denmark Casa Arena Snow Patrol 16-August Horsens, Denmark Casa Arena Snow Patrol 20-August Helsinki, Finland Olympiastadion Razorlight 21-August Helsinki, Finland Olympiastadion Razorlight 25-August Moscow, Russia Luzhniki Stadium Snow Patrol 30-August Vienna, Austria Ernst Happel Stadion OneRepublic 03-September Athens, Greece O.A.K.A Olympic Stadium Snow Patrol 06-September Istanbul, Turkey Atatürk Olympic Stadium Snow Patrol 11-September Zurich, Switzerland Stadion Letzigrund OneRepublic 12-September Zurich, Switzerland Stadion Letzigrund OneRepublic 15-September Munich, Germany Olympiastadion OneRepublic 18-September Paris, France Stade de France Interpol 22-September Brussels, Belgium King Baudouin Stadium Interpol 23-September Brussels, Belgium King Baudouin Stadium Interpol 26-September San Sebastian, Spain Estadio de Anoeta Interpol *30-September Seville, Spain Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla Interpol *please note change of date – tickets for previously scheduled performance valid at the door 02-October Coimbra, Portugal Estadio Cidade Coimbra Interpol 03-October Coimbra Portugal Estadio Cidade Coimbra Interpol 08-October Rome, Italy Stadio Olimpico. Interpol AUSTRALIA / NEW ZEALAND: Nov. 25 Auckland, NZ Mt. Smart Stadium Jay-Z Nov. 26 Auckland, NZ Mt. Smart Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 01 Melbourne, AU Etihad Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 03 Melbourne, AU Etihad Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 08 Brisbane, AU Suncorp Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 09 Brisbane, AU Suncorp Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 13 Sydney, AU ANZ Stadium Jay-Z Dec. 14 Sydney, AU ANZ Stadium Jay-Z Dec. -
ADFC-Routenplan (Route 3)
ADFC-Routenplan (Route 3) Wie alle drei Routen der FUSSBALL ROUTE BERLIN beginnt auch Route 3 am Brandenburger Tor in Berlin-Mitte. Die Strecke hat keine Nebenroute und ist ca. 24 km lang. Der Startpunkt ist westlich des Brandenburger Tors am Platz des 18. März, hier befindet sich Station 0:0. (Hinweis: An diesem Standort ist leider noch keine Informationstafel aufgestellt, da die Baugenehmigung noch nicht vorliegt.) Vom Platz des 18. März überquert man zunächst an der Ampel die Ebertstraße. Danach fährt man rechts den diagonal führenden Weg entlang. Nach 80 m ist die Scheidemann- Straße zu überqueren. Dort liegt auf der rechten Seite die erste Station dieser Route (3:1). (Hinweis: An diesem Standort ist leider noch keine Informationstafel aufgestellt, da die Baugenehmigung noch nicht vorliegt.) Wir fahren weiter in westliche Richtung bis zur Ampel und biegen dort nach links auf die Yitzhak-Rabin-Straße ab. Diese geht es bis zur nächsten Ampel entlang. Dort wird die Straße des 17. Juni überquert. Man fährt einfach geradeaus in den Park, umfährt die Amazone und weiter geradeaus. Man sieht bereits die Philharmonie, überquert dort die Tiergartenstraße und fährt in die Herbert-von Karajan-Straße. Nach 200 m geht es auf den Matthäikirchplatz. Man lässt die Kirche links liegen und fährt gleich dahinter links in die Sigismundstraße. Nach 140 m biegt man rechts auf die Potsdamer Straße ab. Nachdem man nach etwa 200 m den Landwehrkanal überquert hat, fährt man an der Ampel nach links über die Kreuzung und biegt südlich des Schöneberger Ufers rechts ab in die kleine Straße „Am Karlsbad“. -
Original Article Specificity of Sport Real Estate Management
Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), Vol 20 (Supplement issue 2), Art 162 pp 1165 – 1171, 2020 online ISSN: 2247 - 806X; p-ISSN: 2247 – 8051; ISSN - L = 2247 - 8051 © JPES Original Article Specificity of sport real estate management EWA SIEMIŃSKA Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, POLAND Published online: April 30, 2020 (Accepted for publication: April 15, 2020) DOI:10.7752/jpes.2020.s2162 Abstract The article deals with issues related to the management of the sports real estate market resources, with particular emphasis laid on sports stadiums. This market is not studied as often as the residential, office or commercial real estate market segments, which is why it is worth paying more attention to it. The evolution of the approach to sport, followed by the investing and use of sports real estate as a valuable resource of high value, means that increasing attention is being paid to the sports real estate market. The research objective of the article is to analyse and identify key areas of sports facility management, which the success of events organized on such facilities depends on, as well as to examine the requirements for sports facilities. The research used a lot of source information on the scope and standards of sports facility management as well as good practices and recommendations in this area. The following research methods were used in the article: a method of critical analysis of the subject literature on both the real estate market andthe sports market, as well as a descriptive and comparative methods to identify the evolution of the main directions of sports property management in the real estate market. -
Jonathan C. Got Berlin Perspectives on Architecture 1 Olympiastadion
Jonathan C. Got Berlin Perspectives on Architecture Olympiastadion – Germania and Beyond My personal interest with the Olymiastadion began the first week I arrived in Berlin. Having only heard about Adolf Hitler’s plans for a European Capital from documentaries and seen pictures of Jesse Owen’s legendary victories in the ill-timed 1936 Summer Olympics, I decided to make a visit myself. As soon as I saw the heavy stone colonnade from the car park I knew it could only have been built for one purpose – propaganda for the Third Reich beyond Germania. Remodelled for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin by Hitler’s favorite architects Werner March (whose father, Otto March, designed the original 1913 stadium) and Albert Speer, the Olympiastadion was a symbol of power for the National Socialist party and an opportunity to present propaganda in the form of architecture. Being the westernmost structure on Hitler’s ‘capital city of the world’, the stadium was designed to present the then National Socialist Germany to the rest of the world as a power to be reckoned with. Any visitor to the stadium doesn’t only see the gigantic stadium, but also experiences the whole Olympic complex. Visitors would arrive at a 10-platform S-Bahn station able to serve at high frequencies for large events and then walk several hundred meters with a clear view of the huge imposing stone stadium as soon as visitors reached the car park. Though some might argue that neither the U- nor S-Bahn stations named after the stadium provided convenient access to the sports grounds, one has to consider the scale of the event. -
Stadium Safety Management in England
Stadium Safety Management in England Chris Whalley, Senior Manager, Stadia Safety and Security at The Football Association, comments on the transformation that has occurred in terms of stadium safety in England. In particular, he highlights how each football club now takes responsibility for the safety of all spectators entering its stadium. English Premier League matches are broadcast all over the world. In all continents, those fans with an interest in developments off the pitch as well as on it will have noticed the splendid all-seated stadia, the lack of pitch perimeter and segregation fences and, generally, a positive atmosphere among supporters inside the stadia. But it hasn’t always been like this. Just three decades ago, English football was still blighted by the problems of supporter violence, old stadia and what we can now recognise as a lack of any safety management culture within the stadia. Two major stadium disasters in the 1980’s and a Government-led review of stadium safety brought about a programme of change which has seen the gradual transformation of English stadia and the introduction of a new system of stadium safety management. Before examining these changes in more detail, it is helpful to look at some of the problems that led to the occurrence of these major stadium disasters. Throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s, fighting between rival supporter groups was commonplace in English football stadia. From the early beginnings of football up to the late 1960’s there had been no separation of supporters in English football stadia – home and away supporters could enter any part of the stadium and generally they would stand side by side to watch the match. -
The Soccer Diaries
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and University of Nebraska Press Chapters Spring 2014 The oS ccer Diaries Michael J. Agovino Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Agovino, Michael J., "The ocS cer Diaries" (2014). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 271. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/271 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. the soccer diaries Buy the Book Buy the Book THE SOCCER DIARIES An American’s Thirty- Year Pursuit of the International Game Michael J. Agovino University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln and London Buy the Book © 2014 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Portions of this book originally appeared in Tin House and Howler. Images courtesy of United States Soccer Federation (Team America- Italy game program), the New York Cosmos (Cosmos yearbook), fifa and Roger Huyssen (fifa- unicef World All- Star Game program), Transatlantic Challenge Cup, ticket stubs, press passes (from author). All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Agovino, Michael J. The soccer diaries: an American’s thirty- year pursuit of the international game / Michael J. Agovino. pages cm isbn 978- 0- 8032- 4047- 6 (hardback: alk. paper)— isbn 978- 0- 8032- 5566- 1 (epub)— isbn 978-0-8032-5567-8 (mobi)— isbn 978- 0- 8032- 5565- 4 (pdf) 1. -
Healthy Travel Guide
Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup Healthy Russia 2018 2018 Russia Travel Guide traveldoctor.com.au Are you World Cup ready? As soon as Mile Jedinak completed his hat-trick in the play-off against Honduras, the Socceroos knew they’d be heading to Russia for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The tournament involves 32 teams, including Brazil, Argentina, England, Croatia and holders Germany, and many fans will be making the trip to cheer on their soccer superstars. Australia are in Group C with France, Peru and Denmark and will be playing matches in Kazan, Samara and Sochi during the group games. With the top two places leading to the knock out stages, there is potential for further matches. When travelling overseas there are many preparations to undertake, this guide may not soothe your football fever but it will help when considering your health requirements before, and during, your trip to Russia. There’s also a section on documentation requirements and other handy travel tips, as well as a profile of each host city. Plus, an all important game planner so no matches will be missed! Healthy travelling in Russia Made up of 21 republics, the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous of the former Soviet republics. The Russian Federation is roughly twice the size of the USA and extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It also has coastlines on the Black Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Arctic Ocean and the Caspian Sea. Vast plains dominate its western half.