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Rumex Acetosella Rumex acetosella http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/rumace/all.html Index of Species Information SPECIES: Rumex acetosella Introductory Distribution and Occurrence Management Considerations Botanical and Ecological Characteristics Fire Ecology Fire Effects References Introductory SPECIES: Rumex acetosella AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION : Esser, Lora L. 1995. Rumex acetosella. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2007, September 24]. ABBREVIATION : RUMACE SYNONYMS : NO-ENTRY SCS PLANT CODE : RUAC3 COMMON NAMES : sheep sorrel common sheep sorrel red sorrel TAXONOMY : The currently accepted scientific name of sheep sorrel is Rumex acetosella L. [29,34,51,95]. It is in the family Polygonaceae. There are no recognized infrataxa [34,44]. LIFE FORM : Forb FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS : No special status 1 of 17 9/24/2007 4:59 PM Rumex acetosella http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/rumace/all.html OTHER STATUS : NO-ENTRY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE SPECIES: Rumex acetosella GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : Sheep sorrel is a forb of Eurasian origin that has naturalized throughout temperate North America with the possible exceptions of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the northern Canadian provinces [46,75,95]. ECOSYSTEMS : Sheep sorrel is found in nearly all FRES ecosystems. STATES : AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY ME MD MA MI MN MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY AB BC MB NB NS ON PQ SK BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 1 Northern Pacific Border 2 Cascade Mountains 3 Southern Pacific Border 4 Sierra Mountains 5 Columbia Plateau 6 Upper Basin and Range 8 Northern Rocky Mountains 9 Middle Rocky Mountains 10 Wyoming Basin 11 Southern Rocky Mountains 12 Colorado Plateau 13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont 14 Great Plains 15 Black Hills Uplift 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : NO-ENTRY SAF COVER TYPES : Sheep sorrel is found in nearly all SAF Cover Types. SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 101 Bluebunch wheatgrass 102 Idaho fescue 103 Green fescue 108 Alpine Idaho fescue 2 of 17 9/24/2007 4:59 PM Rumex acetosella http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/rumace/all.html 110 Ponderosa pine-grassland 201 Blue oak woodland 203 Riparian woodland 204 North coastal shrub 215 Valley grassland 216 Montane meadows 304 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass 409 Tall forb 411 Aspen woodland 601 Bluestem prairie 804 Tall fescue 809 Mixed hardwood and pine HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : Sheep sorrel occurs mainly in grassland, mixed-grass prairie, and montane meadow communities of western North America, but is also common in forested communities throughout temperate North America. Sheep sorrel is common in floodplain and riparian habitats. In western Washington sheep sorrel is found on gravel bars and floodplains dominated by Scouler willow (Salix scouleriana). Other associates include Virginia strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus), white clover (Trifolium repens), curly dock (Rumex crispus), and bog rush (Juncus effusus) [20]. In Oregon sheep sorrel occurs in a riparian mountain meadow community dominated by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) [45]. In California sheep sorrel occurs in a freshwater marsh community dominated by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), sedge (Carex spp.), and narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia) [18]. Sheep sorrel is commonly found in old fields, annual grassland, and montane meadow communities. In Connecticut sheep sorrel occurs in a postagricultural little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) grassland. Associates include redtop (Agrostis alba) and yellow sedge (Carex pensylvanica) [69]. In New Jersey sheep sorrel is a member of an old-field plant community dominated by Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) [9]. Sheep sorrel is commonly found in southern Appalachian grassy bald communities dominated by mountain oatgrass (Danthonia compressa). Other associates include thornless blackberry (Rubus canadensis), hillside blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum), and violet (Viola spp.) [56,60]. In Indiana sheep sorrel occurs in a little bluestem community with hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and smooth horsetail (Equisetum laevigatum) [81]. In Montana sheep sorrel occurs in mixed-grass prairie communities [86]. In California sheep sorrel is common in annual grassland, montane meadow, and perennial bunchgrass communities. Associates include ripgut brome (Bromus rigidus), soft chess (B. hordeaceus), silver hairgrass (Aira caryophyllea), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratense), Sandberg bluegrass (P. nevadensis), Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus), wild oat (Avena fatua), and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) [8,12,18,61]. At Point Reyes National Seashore, California, sheep sorrel occurs in a coastal grassland community with coast rock cress (Arabis blepharophylla), poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversiloba), California barberry (Berberis pinnata), and the endangered Sonoma spineflower (Chorizanthe valida) [11,12]. Sheep sorrel is a common understory species in forested habitats throughout North America. In Pennsylvania sheep sorrel occurs in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)-poverty oatgrass (D. spicata) communities; associates include Canada goldenrod, fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), whorled yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia quadrifolia), Virginia springbeauty (Claytonia virginica), trout lily (Erythronium americanum), mountain wood sorrel (Oxalis montana), and violet [3,49,93]. In Alberta sheep sorrel is a member of an 80-year-old white spruce (Picea glauca)-jack pine (Pinus banksiana)-feathermoss 3 of 17 9/24/2007 4:59 PM Rumex acetosella http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/rumace/all.html (Pleurozium spp.) community [21]. In Idaho sheep sorrel occurs in grand fir (Abies grandis)/wild ginger (Asarum caudatum), grand fir/pachistima (Pachistima myrsinites), and grand fir/ninebark (Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat types [30,53,54,99]. In California sheep sorrel occurs in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) habitats [22,50,83]. In Montana and Wyoming, sheep sorrel is found in alpine tundra environments [94]. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS SPECIES: Rumex acetosella IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE : In Arizona sheep sorrel is grazed by cattle and sheep, but has little forage value [39]. Sheep sorrel contains oxalic acid which can be poisonous [46,100]. In California and Ohio sheep sorrel is grazed by mule deer [50,70]. In Idaho, Montana, and Wisconsin sharp-tailed grouse and ruffed grouse eat sheep sorrel seed [40,41,76,86]. PALATABILITY : In Utah palatability ratings for sheep sorrel are fair for cattle and poor for sheep and horses [100]. NUTRITIONAL VALUE : Sheep sorrel nutritional levels are adequate to meet the requirements of mule deer [50]. Energy and protein content ratings of sheep sorrel are poor. Nutritional values are rated as poor for waterfowl and fair for elk, mule deer, upland game birds, small nongame birds, and small mammals [100]. COVER VALUE : In Utah sheep sorrel cover values are rated as fair for small mammals and small nongame birds and poor for upland game birds and waterfowl [100]. VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES : Sheep sorrel colonizes disturbed sites such as clearcuts, streambanks, and surface mined lands. It has been used for revegetation of disturbed lands, although it is rated low for erosion control, and short- and long-term revegetation potential [100]. In a mining and smelting region of Sudbury, Ontario, sheep sorrel established when a thin sprinkling of limestone was applied to the soil [97]. In east-central Texas revegetation of eight unreclaimed mine sites occurred naturally. These sites and an adjacent unmined site were sampled to determine vegetational changes over time. The percent 4 of 17 9/24/2007 4:59 PM Rumex acetosella http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/rumace/all.html frequency of sheep sorrel was as follows [79]: 3m* 6m 5y 10y 15y 20y 30y 50y control 0 11 4 6 4 3 0 0 0 *m=months since first sampling, y=years since first sampling In Pennsylvania an attempt was made to transplant rootstocks of sheep sorrel on black waste sites created by anthracite mining. All emergent vegetation was subsequently heat killed [77]. OTHER USES AND VALUES : Sheep sorrel leaves are used in salads [4,51]. The Nuxalk Indians of British Columbia eat sheep sorrel [55]. OTHER MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS : Sheep sorrel is classified as a noxious weed in 23 states [67]. It is a serious weed in pastures and rangelands. Control is difficult because of its perennial, creeping rhizomes [4,52]. Sheep sorrel is a common weed in West Virginia, except in limestone regions; liming the soil may help eradicate sheep sorrel [82]. Sheep sorrel presence and abundance are indicative of poor and "sour" soils [82,87]. It reaches peak abundance at low soil nitrogen levels [87]. Sheep sorrel is potentially poisonous to livestock because of the presence of soluble oxalates [19]; however, it is grazed by sheep and cattle [39]. In Idaho sheep sorrel is an increaser species under heavy grazing regimes, and a decreaser species under light grazing regimes [54]. In Oregon percent frequency of sheep sorrel was not affected by late season cattle grazing in a riparian mountain meadow [45]. In Novia Scotia sheep sorrel is one of the most common weed species in lowbush
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