High School Level

Physics y Glossary

English / Uzbek Glossar

Translation of terms based on the Coursework for Physics Grades 9 to 12.

Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 Updated: July 2017

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D...... Bronx T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D...... Rochester ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D...... Great Neck LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed.D...... Beechhurst CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D...... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A...... Rochester KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D...... Brooklyn JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D...... New York JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D...... Monticello JUDITH CHIN, M.S. in Ed...... Little Neck BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed...... Morristown CATHERINE COLLINS, R.N., N.P., B.S., M.S. in Ed., Ed.D...... Buffalo JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., C.A.S...... New Hempstead NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A...... Manhattan ELIZABETH S. HAKANSON, A.S., M.S., C.A.S...... Syracuse LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D...... New York SUSAN W. MITTLER, B.S., M.S...... Ithaca

Commissioner of Education and President of The University MARYELLEN ELIA

Executive Deputy Commissioner ELIZABETH R. BERLIN

The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234. PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK A aberration og‘ish, adashish ability qobiliyat absence hozir bo‘lmaslik, yo’qlik absolute scale temperaturaning mutlaq shkalasi absolute zero mutlaq nol absorption yutish, emib olish absorption spectrum yutish spektri accelerate tezlashtirmoq acceleration tezlashtirish acceleration of tortish kuchin tezlashtirish accentuate ta’kidlamoq accompany hamrohlik qilmoq accomplish bajarmoq accordance moslik, tegishlilik account hisob accumulate yig‘moq accuracy aniqlik accurate aniq achieve yetmoq, yetishmoq acoustics akustika action harakat activity faoliyat actual dolzarb, haqiqiy addition qo‘shimcha adhesive yopishqoq, shilimshiq adjacent turdosh, yonma-yon advantage ustunlik aerodynamics aerodinamika air pollution havoning ifloslanishi air resistance havo qarshiligi air track havo yo‘li aircraft uchish uskunasi airfoil aerodinamik profil airplane havo kemasi, , samolyot alcohol spirt algebra algebra allow ruxsat bermoq alternating current generator o‘zgaruvchan tok generatori altimeter altimetr aluminum alyuminiy amber qahrabo ammeter ampermetr ampere amper amplitude amplituda analogy analogiya, o‘xshashlik NYS Statewide Language RBERN 1

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK analysis tahlil analyze tahlil qilmoq antinodal line antinodal chiziq anemoscope anemoskop aneroid aneroid aneroid barometer aneroid-barometr angle burchak ant.; antenna ant., antenna antinode antinod antiparticle aksilzarra apparent ravshan, ko‘rinib turgan appendix qo‘shimcha applied force qo‘llangan kuch approach yondasuv aquarium akvarium arbitrary o‘zboshimchalik bilan arc yoy archer o‘q otuvchi Archimedes’ principle Arximed qonuni architect me’mor area maydon argon argon Aristotle Aristotel armature armatura arrow o‘q arrangement tadbir, tartibga solish, kelishuv artificial sun’iy artificial radioactivity sun’iy radioaktivlik artillery artilleriya aspect Jihat assemble yig‘moq assume faraz qilmoq assumption Faraz astronomer astronom astronomical astronomiyaga oid astronomy astronomiya athlete sportchi atmosphere atmosfera atmospheric atmosferaga oid atom Atom atomic energy atom energiyasi atomic mass unit atom massasi birligi atomic number atom soni attach tirkamoq, biriktirmoq attain yetishmoq attract jalb qilmoq attraction jalb qilish NYS Statewide Language RBERN 2

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK attractive jozibali audience auditoriya auditorium zal auditory tinglashga oid aurora shafaq aurora borealis Shimoliy qutb yog‘dusi automobile avtomobil average o‘rtacha average speed o‘rtacha tezlik (skalyar qiymat) average velocity o‘rtacha tezlik (vektorli qiymat) axis o‘q axle o‘q B back - EMF elektr harakatiga teskari kuch baffle shovqin pasaytirgich balance balans, muvozanat barometer barometr barrel barrel barrier to‘siq baryon barion base level boshlang‘ich daraja basic equation asosiy tenglama basin havza basis bazis batter qiyalik battery batareya bead (ex., optic bead) sfera (masalan, optik sfera) beaker menzurka (o‘lchovli shisha idish) beam balance richagli tarozi beat impuls behave o‘zini tutmoq behind orqasida bend egmoq beneath ostida bent bukilgan Bernoulli’s principle Bernulli qonuni beyond chegaradan tashqarida billiard bilyard bimetallic bimetallik bimetallic strip bimetall plastinka binding energy bog‘lanish energiyasi binocular binokulyar black-hole qora tuynuk blade parrak block blok blue ko‘k NYS Statewide Language RBERN 3

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK blur xira bob shoqul boiling qaynash boiling point qaynash nuqtasi boldface yarim qalin shrift bolt bolt Boltzmann constant Boltsmanning doimiy qiymati bond bog‘lash boreal; borealis shimoliy bounce tegib sakrab ketmoq boundary chegara bow yoy (o‘q otish uchun) bowling ball bouling shari bowstring yoy ipi Boyle’s law Boyl qonuni brain miya branch shox brass jez breeder reactor ko‘paytiruvchi reaktor brick g‘isht brief qisqa bristle dag‘al jun, qattiq soqol broadcast radio eshittirish bubble pufak bubble chamber pufak kamerasi bug adashish, xato bugle Gorn bulge Qavariqlik bullet o‘q buoyancy suzuvchanlik buoyant suzuvchan buoyant force ko‘tarish kuchi burglar qulf buzuvchi burglar alarm qulf buzilgani signali by virtue of …ga ko‘ra C cable Kabel cadmium kadmiy cadmium sulfide kadmiy sulfidi calculate hisoblab chiqmoq calculus hisoblash chiqish calibrate shkalada graduslarga bo‘lib chiqmoq caloric issiqlikka oid caloric theory issiqlik nazariyasi calorie kaloriya calorimeter kalorimetr NYS Statewide Language RBERN 4

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK camp chodirli jamloq, lager camper sayyoh candelabra shamdon candle sham cannonball to‘p o‘qi canoe kanoe canyon kanyon capable qobil, layoqatli capacitance elektr sig‘imi capacitor kondensator capacity sig‘im capillary kapillyar capillary action kapillyar harakat capsule kapsula carbon uglerod carbon grain uglerod zarrasi carbon tetrachloride uglerod tetraxloridi carpet gilam carton karton quti case keys cast qolip catheter kateter cathode katod cathode-ray tube elektron-nur naychasi cause sabab cavity bo‘shliq celestial ilohiy Celsius Scale Selsiy shkalasi cement sement centimeter santimetr centripetal markazga intiluvchi centripetal acceleration markazga intiluvchi tezlashtirish centripetal force markazga intiluvchi kuch cesium seziy chamber kamera characteristic xususiyat charge zaryad charged zaryadlangan charging by conduction tegish orqali zaryadlash charging by induction induksiya orqali zaryadlash Charles’ Law Charlz qonuni chimney mo‘ri chloroform xloroform chord shnur chromatic xromatik chromatic aberration xromatik og‘ish circuit zanjir NYS Statewide Language RBERN 5

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK circuit breaker zanjir uzuvchi circular aylanaga oid clarinet klarnet clarity shaffoflik clockwise soat milining harakat yo‘nalishi bo‘ylab club klub cluster klaster cobalt kobalt cochlea aylanib chiqiladigan zinapoya coefficient koeffitsiyent coefficient of friction ishqalanish koeffitsiyenti coefficient of linear expansion chiziqli kengayish koeffitsiyenti coefficient of volume expansion hajm kengayishi koeffitsiyenti cohesive bog‘lovchi cohesive force tirkalish kuchi coil zo‘g‘ata, g‘altak coincidence mos tushish, tasodif collect yig‘moq collection yig‘im collide to‘qnashmoq collision to‘qnashuv column ustun combination kombinatsiya, birikuv combustion yonish commercial tijoratga oid commutator kommutator compare taqqoslamoq comparison taqqos, taqqoslash compartment bo‘lma compass kompas complementary to‘ldiruvchi complementary colours to‘ldiruvchi ranglar complementary pigment to‘ldiruvchi pigment complex murakkab component komponent compress siqmoq compression siqish Compton effect Kompton effekti concave bukilgan concave lens botiq linsa concave mirror botiq ko‘zgu concept konsepsiya concrete beton concurrent forces bir joyga yig‘iluvchi kuchlar condensation kondensatsiya condense sirt terlashi conduct o‘tkazmoq NYS Statewide Language RBERN 6

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK conduction o‘tkazish (elektr tokini) conductivity o‘tkazuvchanlik conductor o‘tkazuvchi cone konus confine cheklamoq congruent mos keluvchi consciousness ong consequence oqibat conservation saqlash conservation law saqlash qonuni consider ko‘rib chiqmoq consist tarkib topmoq consonance muvofiqlik constant doimiy constructive konstruktiv constructive interference rezonans effekti contact aloqa o‘rnatmoq contain tarkibida bo‘lmoq contract qisqartirmoq contraction qisqarish contrast kontrast control nazorat control rod nazorat qiluvchi sterjen convalescence sog‘ayib ketish convection konveksiya convenient qulay converging lens kattalashtiruvchi linza conversion o‘zgartirish convert o‘zgartirmoq convex qavariq convex lens qavariq linza convex mirror qavariq ko‘zgu copper mis cord shnur cornerstone asos, tub, negiz, mohiyat; poydevor toshi corresponding tegishli cosine kosinus coulomb kulon (elektr toki miqdorining o‘lchov birligi) Coulomb’s Law Kulon qonuni crack yoriq craft kema crate o‘rash qutisi crest cho‘qqi critical kritikka oid critical angle kritik (so‘nggi) burchak crowded to‘lib ketgan crown glass qo‘rg‘oshini yo‘q oyna NYS Statewide Language RBERN 7

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK crystal kristall crystal lattice kristall panjara crystalline kristalga oid cube kub cubic Kub (kub shakliga oid) cubic meter kub metr curious hamma narsaga qiziquvchi curvature qiyshiqlik curve qiyshiq chiziq cyan Sian cycle sikl cymbal likopcha cylinder Silindr D damage shikast, shikastlamoq dart nayza, irg‘itiladigan o‘q data ma’lumotlar de Broglie Principle de Broyl prinsipi decay parchalanish deceleration susayish deci detsi- decibel detsibel decimeter detsimetr deck paluba decrease pasaymoq, pasayish define ta’rif bermoq definite muayyan deformation deformatsiya degree daraja, gradus deka = deca deka- decameter dekametr deliver yetkazib bermoq demonstration namoyish etish density zichlik depend bog‘liq bo‘lmoq dependent variable qaram o‘zgaruvchan qiymat derive chiqarib olmoq derived unit hosil bo‘lgan birlik descend pasaymoq, enmoq descent pasayish design dizayn destructive buzuvchi destructive interference buzuvchi aralashuv detection payqash detector detektor determine aniqlamoq NYS Statewide Language RBERN 8

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK deviate og‘moq device qurilma dewdrop shudring tomchisi dew point shudring nuqtasi diameter diametr diamond olmos diaphragm diafragma differ farqlanmoq difference in electric potential elektr potensiallarining tafovuti diffract og‘dirmoq diffraction difraksiya diffraction grating difraksiya panjarasi diffuse tarqatmoq diffuse reflection diffuziya aksi digit raqam dimension o‘lcham dimmer yorug‘lik kuchi regulyatori dip botirmoq direction yo‘nalish directly bevosita discover topmoq, aniqlamoq disintegrate parchalamoq disorder tartibsizlik disperse chang qilib sepmoq dispersion dispersiya displace joyidan ko‘chirmoq displacement joyidan ko‘chirish disprove rad etmoq disregard e’tiborsiz qoldirmoq dissipate sochmoq dissonance dissonans distance masofa distant uzoq distort buzib ko‘rsatmoq distortion buzib ko‘rsatish distribute tarqatmoq disturb xalaqit bermoq disturbance xalal dive sho‘ng‘imoq diver sho‘ng‘uvchi diverge tarqalmoq diverging lens tarqatuvchi linza divide bo‘lmoq divider bo‘luvchi division bo‘lish dock dok, kemalarni tuzatadigan ustaxona dockhand port ishchisi NYS Statewide Language RBERN 9

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK dog it domain domen Doppler Doppler Doppler effect Doppler effekti Doppler shift Doppler siljishi double Ikki hissa double slit diffraction Ikki tirqishli difraksiya drag tortmoq draw totib chiqarmoq drop qulamoq, tommoq droplet tomchi drum baraban ductility qayishqoqlik dust chang dynamics dinamika E ear quloq eardrum quloq pardasi echo aks-sado eclipse tutilish eclipse of the sun quyosh tutilishi ecological ekologiyaga oid ecology ekologiya economical iqtisodiy effect samara effective samarali effective resistance samarali qarshilik effectively samara beruvchi efficiency samaradorlik effort sa’y-harakat Einstein Eynshteyn elastic qayishqoq elastic collision qayishqoq to‘qnashuv elasticity qayishqoqlik electric elektrga oid electric current elektr toki electric field elektr maydoni electric field intensity elektr maydoni kuchlanishi electric field line elektr maydonining kuch chizig‘i electric force elektrning harakatlantiruvchi kuchi electric generator elektr toki generatori electric potential elektr potensiali electrode elektrod electromagnet elektr magniti electromagnetic elektr magnitiga oid electromagnetic force elektr magniti kuchi NYS Statewide Language RBERN 10

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK electromagnetic induction elektr magniti induksiyasi electromagnetic wave elektr magniti to‘lqini electromagnetism elektromagnetizm electromotive (EMF) elektrning harakatlantiruvchi kuchi (EHK) electron elektron electron cloud elektron buluti electroscope elektroskop elevator lift eliminate bartaraf qilmoq ellipse ellips elongation uzaytirish embed kiritmoq emerge paydo bo‘lmoq emergency ko‘zda tutilmagan holat emission spectrum nurlanish spektri emit nur chiqarmoq empirical empirik enable imkoniyat bermoq, faollashtirmoq enclose ichiga olmoq encounter to‘qnash kelmoq energetic energetikaga oid energetic state ehergetik holat energy energiya energy crisis energetika tangligi energy level energiya darajasi engineer muhandis enormous ulkan enrichment boyish, boyitish enter kirmoq entropy entropiya equation tenglama equator ekvator equilibrant muvozanatda tutuvchi equilibrant force muvozanatda tutuvchi kuch equilibrium muvozanat equilibrium position muvozanat holati equipment uskuna equivalent ekvivalent erect chiqarmoq, yuksaltirmoq essence mohiyat essentially mohiyatan ether efir evaporate bug‘lanmoq evaporation bug‘lanish evenly teng evenness tenglik eventually oxirida NYS Statewide Language RBERN 11

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK evidence isbot except …dan tashqari exception istisno excited state hayajonli holat exert bosim o‘tkazmoq exhaust oriqla(t)moq exhibit ko‘rgazmaga qo‘ymoq exist mavjud bo‘lmoq expand kengaytirmoq expansion kengaytirish expect kutmoq expel siqib chiqarmoq experiment tajriba explore tadqiq qilmoq exponent Eksponent, tushunturuvichi exponential eksponentsial exponential notation eksponentsial taqdimot exposure ekspozitsiya express ifoda qilmoq extend uzaytirmoq external tashqi external force tashqi kuch extrapolation ekstrapolyatsiya extreme o‘ta extremely o‘ta darajada F faint kuchsiz Farad farada farsightedness uzoqni yaxshi ko‘rish feat mahorat, qahramonlik fiber tola fiber optics tola optikasi fiction o‘ylab topilshan narsa, uydirma field maydon filament ipsimon tola final velocity so‘nggi tezlik finger barmoq first law of harakatning birinchi qonuni first neutron birinchi neytron first-order-line birinchi tartib chizig‘i fission parchalanish fixed qayd etilgan; qotirilgan flame olov flare mash’al flatten tekislamoq flick chaqnash NYS Statewide Language RBERN 12

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK flint glass rangsiz oyna float yuzada turmoq fluid suyuqlik fluorescent lamp kunduzgi yorug‘lik chirog‘i flute tarnovcha flux oqim focal fokusga oid focal length focus masofasi focal point focus nuqtasi focus fokus fog tuman force kuch force of friction ishqalanish kuchi fork sanchqi form shakl fraction kasr frame rom frame of reference sanoqni boshlash tizimi framework struktura freedom ozodlik free-fall erkin qulash freezing point muzlash nuqtasi Freon freon frequency chastota frequently tez-tez friction ishqalanish frictional ishqalanishga oid frictionless ishqalanishsiz frozen muzlagan fundamental asos bo‘ladigan, eng muhim, asosiy; asos soladigan (soluvchi) fur mo‘yna furthermore bundan tashqari fuse eritmoq G gain ko’paytirish, oshirish galaxy galaktika galvanometer galvanometr galvanic galvanik galvanic cell galvanik yacheyka Gamma ray gamma-nur gap oraliq, bo’shliq gas gaz gas law ideal gaz holati tenglamasi gaseous gazsimon gasoline benzin NYS Statewide Language RBERN 13

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK gauge o‘lchash asbobi Geiger-Muller tube Geyger-Myuller hisoblagichi general theory of relativity umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi generate hosil qilmoq germanium germaniy giga giga- give bermoq glance yaltirash glass oyna glider planyor gluon glyuon gold oltin govern boshqarmoq gradual asta-sekin gradually asta-sekin grain don grains don-dun gram gramm graph grafik graphical grafikka oid grating panjara gravitation tortish kuchi gravitational field gravitatsiya maydoni gravitational force gravitatsiya kuchi gravitation mass gravitatsiya massasi gravitation potential energy gravitatsiyaning potensial energiyasi graviton gravity tortish kuchi green yashil ground state asosiy holat grounding yerga ulash gyroscope giroskop H Half-life yarim parchalanish davri halt to‘xtash hammer bolg‘a handle dastak harmonic garmonika harmonious garmonik haul tortmoq headlamp fara heat issiqlik heat effect issiqlik effekti heat engine issiqlik dvigateli heat of fusion erish issiqligi heat of vaporization bug‘lanish issiqligi NYS Statewide Language RBERN 14

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK heat pump issiqlik nasosi specific heat solishtirma issiqlik heavy og‘ir hecto gekto- hectometer gektometr height balandlik Heisenberg uncertainty principle Heyzenbergning noaniqlik prinsipi helicopter vertolyot Helium geliy hence binobarin Hertz gerts high temperature source yuqori harorat manbasi hiker yayov yuruvchi sayyoh hilly qirli hockey hokkey hollow bo‘sh Hooke’s law Huk qonuni horizontally gorizontal horn sirena huge ulkan hull korpus hydraulic gidravlikaga oid hydraulic system gidravlika tizimi hydrogen vodorod hydrodynamics gidrodinamika hydrostatics gidrostatika I ideal ideal ideal gas Ideal gaz ideal gas law Ideal gaz holati tenglamasi ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) kuchning ideal ustunligi (KIY) ignite yoqmoq, yondirmoq ignition yoqish illuminance yoritilganlik illuminate yoritmoq illuminated body yoritilgan jism illumination yoritish illusion illyuziya image tasvir imagine tasavvur qilmoq immerse botirmoq immersion botirish immersion heater botirish isitgichi impart harakatga keltirmoq implication taalluqlilik impossible mumkin bo‘lmagan NYS Statewide Language RBERN 15

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK impulse impuls incandescent qattiq qizigan incandescent lamp cho‘glanma chiroq incident qulovchi, yiqiluvchi Incident pulse qulash impulsi Incident wave qulash to‘lqini incision kesim inclined qiyaga oid Inclined plane qiya tekislik incompressible siqilmaydigan increase oshmoq, oshish independent variable mustaqil o‘zgaruvchan qiymat independence mustaqillik Index of refraction sinish koeffitsiyenti (masalan, nurning) indicate ko‘rsatmoq indication ko‘rsatish individual individual induction induksiya inductive reactance Induktiv reaktiv to‘qnashuv inelastic qayishqoq bo‘lmagan inelastic collision qayishqoq bo‘lmagan to‘qnashuv inertia inertsiya inertial mass inertsiyali massa inexpensive qimmat bo‘lmagan inflate shishirmoq influence ta’sir initial dastlabki initial dastlabki impuls initial velocity dastlabki tezlik inner ear ichki quloq input kiritmoq insect hasharot insert ishga kiritmoq instant zudlik bilan instantaneous oniy instantaneous speed oniy tezlik (skalyar qiymat) instantaneous velocity oniy tezlik (vektorli qiymat) instantaneously bir onda instead o‘rniga instrument o‘lchov asbobi insulate izolyatsiyalamoq insulator izolyatsiya materiali intake oqib kirish integer butun son integrate birlashtirmoq integrated circuit integral sxema intensity jadallik NYS Statewide Language RBERN 16

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK interaction o‘zaro harakat intercept tutib olmoq interfere aralashmoq interference aralashish, interferensiya intermediate oraliq internal ichki internal energy ichki energiya internal force ichki kuch interparticle zarralararo interpretation talqin interrupt (to) bo‘lib qo‘ymoq interstellar yulduzlararo interval interval interlock o‘zaro to‘sib qo‘ymoq invent kashf qimoq inverse teskari inverse variation teskari proporsionallik qonuni bo‘yicha o‘zgar(tir)ish inversely teskari proporsional invert aylantirmoq investigate tadqiq qilmoq inward ichkari tomon yo‘nalgan ion ion iridium iridiy iron temir irrigate sug‘ormaq isolate izolyatsiyalamoq isolated system izolyatsiyalangan tizim isotope izotop J jet plane reaktiv samolyot, reaktiv uchoq jeweler zargar joule joul Jupiter Yupiter K Kelvin Kelvin Kelvin scale Kelvin shklasi kidney buyrak kilo kilo kilogram kilogramm kilometer kilometr kilopascal kilopaskal kilowatt kilovatt kilowatt hour kilovatt soat kinematics kinematika kinetic energy kinetik energiya NYS Statewide Language RBERN 17

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK kinetic molecular theory kinetik molekulyar nazariya kinetic theory kinetik nazariya knapsack kitob sumka knob to‘g‘rilash dastagi krypton kripton L laboratory laboratoriya lack yetishmovchilik laser laser lattice panjara, to‘r launch ishga tushirmoq law qonun law of action and reaction harakat va qarshi harakat qonuni law of conservation of momentum impulsning saqlasnish qonuni lawn ko‘kalam lawn mower ko‘kalam o‘ruvchi uskuna lead qo‘rg‘oshin leak sizib oqib chiqmoq ledge karniz left-hand rule chap qo‘l qoidasi legend shartli belgilar length uzunlik lengthen uzaytirmoq lens linza Lenz’s Law Lents qonuni lepton lepton level daraja lever richag, pishang Leyden Jar Leydan bankasi liberate ozod qilmoq librarian kutubxonachi lift ko‘tarmoq light yorug‘lik light wave yorug‘lik to‘lqini likewise shu tariqa line chiziq, liniya linear chiziqqa oid linear accelerator chiziqli tezlashtirgich linear equation chiziqli tenglama liner layner lip chet liquefy suyuq holatga yetkazmoq liquid suyuqlik liter litr literally aynan location manzil, joylashgan yer NYS Statewide Language RBERN 18

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK lodestone megnetit longitudinal bo‘ylama, uzunasiga longitudinal wave bo‘ylama to‘lqin loudness ovoz balandligi loudspeaker dinamik low past low temperature sink past temperaturani qabul qiluvchi qurilma lubricant yog‘lash moyi lumen lyumen luminous yorug‘likka oid luminous flux yorug‘lik oqimi luminous intensity yorug‘lik kuchi lunar oyga oid lunar module oy moduli lung o‘pka M magenta fuksin magnet magnit, ohanrabo magnetic magnitga oid magnetic field magnit maydoni magnetic field line magnit maydoni chizig‘i magnetic flux magnit oqimi magnetic induction magnit induksiyasi magnetism magnetizm magnification kattalashtirish magnify kattalashtirmoq magnifying glass kattalashtiruvchi shisha, lupa magnitude magnituda maintain qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq malleability bolg‘alanuvchanlik manner usul manufacture ishlab chiqarish mass massa mass defect massa defekti mass number massa soni mass spectrograph massa spektrografi massive katta, og‘ir, zil, salmoqli, salmoqdor mathematical science matematika fanlari mathematically matematikaga oid mathematician matematik matter materiya matter wave materiya to‘lqini maximum maksimal qiymat mean o‘rta qiymat measurable o‘lchanadigan measurement o‘lchash NYS Statewide Language RBERN 19

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK mechanical advantage kuchdan yutish mechanical energy mexanik energiya mechanical force mexanik kuch mechanical wave mexanik to‘lqin medical tibbiy medium o‘rta mega mega- megahertz megagerts megawatt megavatt melt eri(t)moq melting point erish nuqtasi membrane membrana mercury simob mercury barometer simobli barometr meson mezon metabolism modda almashinuvi metal runner to‘siq karkasining metall o‘ramasi meteorology meteorologiya meteoroid meteor jism methanol metanol method usul meticulously sinchiklab metric system metrik tizim micro mikro microfarad mikrofarada microphone mikrofon microprocessor mikroprosessor microscope mikroskop microscopic mikroskopga oid microwave mikroto‘lqin middle ear o‘rta quloq Milky Way Galaxy Somon Yo‘li galaktikasi milli milli- milliampere milliamper millibar millibar milligram milligramm milliliter millilitr millimeter millimetr mirage sarob mirror ko‘zgu mix aralashtirmoq mixed aralash mixture aralashma moderate mo’tadil moderator moderator modification o‘zgartirish modify o‘zgartirmoq NYS Statewide Language RBERN 20

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK module modul mole mol molecule molekula momenta impulslar momentum impuls motion harakat mouthpiece mundshtuk mower o‘rgich mud balchiq multiple ko‘p marta multiplication ko‘paytirish multiply ko‘paytirmoq muon=meson myuon=mezon mutual o‘zaro mutually o‘zaro muzzle uchlik N Nano nano- nanometer nanometr nanosecond nanosoniya naphtha ligroin nasal burunga oid natural tabiiy nature of the surface yuza ko‘rinishi nearsightedness uzoqni yaxshi ko‘ra olmaslik negative manfiy negative charge manfiy zaryad neon neon net force teng harakat qiluvchi kuch neutral betaraf, neytral neutrino neytrino neutron neytron newton nyuton Newton Nyuton Newton’s First Law of Motion Nyutonning birinchi harakat qonuni Newton’s Second Law of Motion Nyutonning ikkinchi harakat qonuni Newton’s Third Law of Motion Nyutonning uchinchi harakat qonuni nickel nikel nitrogen azot nodal tugunga oid nodal line tugunlar chizig‘i node tugun non perpendicular component perpendukulyar bo‘lmagan komponent non perpendicular component of vector vektorning perpendukulyar bo‘lmagan komponenti normal force standart kuch north pole Shimoliy magnit qutbi NYS Statewide Language RBERN 21

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK North Pole Shimoliy qutb Northern Hemisphere Shimoliy yarim shar northern light shimol yog‘dusi notation belgi, ishora note qayd, izoh nuclear yadroga oid nuclear bombardment yadro bombalari yog‘dirish nuclear model atom yadrosi modeli nuclear potential energy yadroning potensial energiyasi nuclear reaction yadro reaksiyasi nuclei yadrolar nucleon nuklon nucleus yadro nuclide nuklid numerically son qiymatida O obey rioya qilmoq oboe goboy observable kuzatiladigan observation kuzatish observatory rasadxona observe kuzatmoq obstacle to’siq obtain olmoq occupy egallamoq occur ro‘y bermoq octagon oktagon octagonal oktagonga oid octave oktava Ohm Om Ohm’s Law Om qonuni opaque shaffof bo‘lmagan operation ishla(ti)sh oppose qarama-qarshi qo‘ymoq optical optikaga oid optical density optik zichlik optics optika orbit orbita organ organ orientation oriyentatsiya origin kelib chiqish oscillate tebranmoq oscillation tebranishlar hosil qilish oscilloscope ostsillograf outer ear tashqi quloq outlet chiqish NYS Statewide Language RBERN 22

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK output chiqarish outward tashqi tomonga yo‘nalgan oval tuxumsimon overall umumiy overload ortiqcha yuk, haddan tashqari ko’p yuklamoq overlook kuzatmoq overtones obertonlar oxygen kislorod P painstakingly qunt bilan palm hovuch parabola parabola parabolic parabolaga oid parachute parashyut paraffin parafin parallax parallaks parallel parallel parallel connection parallel ulash parallel force parallel kuch particle zarra particle accelerator zarralarni tezlashtirish vositasi Pascal Paskal Pascal’s Principle Paskal qonuni patch kiritma path yo‘l pavement yo‘lak peculiar o‘ziga xos peculiarity o‘ziga xoslik pendulum mayatnik performer ijrochi perimeter perimetr period davr periodic davriy permanently doimiy tarzda perpendicular perpendikulyar perpendicular force perpendikulyar kuch perpendicularly perpendukulyar tarzda perspective perspektiva perspiration ter ajralishi phase faza phenomena hodisalar phenomenon hodisa philosopher faylasuf phosphor fosfor phosphorescence fosforessensiya photoelectric effect fotoelektrik effekt NYS Statewide Language RBERN 23

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK photoflash fotochaqmoq photography fotosurat photo resistor fotorezistor photovoltaic fotoelektrik photovoltaic cell fotoelektrik element physical fizikaga oid physical phenomena fizik hodisalar physicist fizik physics fizika Pico piko- Pico farad pikofarada pier pirs piezoelectricity pyezoelektr toki pig cho‘chqa pigment pigment pile qoziqoyoq pinna quloq chanog‘i pipe quvur pistol to‘pponcha piston porshen pitch smola, chirkay pith poya o‘zagi pith ball marjon plane mirror yassi ko‘zgu planet sayyora plasma plazma plastic plastik platinum platina plot yer maydoni plunge botmoq, ko‘milmoq polarity qutblilik polarized qutblangan plane polarized yassi qutblangan polarization qutblash polarizer qutblovchi pole qutb pollution ifloslanish pound funt portion porsiya position pozitsiya positive musbat positive charge musbat zaryad positron positron possess ega bo‘lmoq postulate postulat pot o‘tga chidamli gildan qilingan qozon potential potensial NYS Statewide Language RBERN 24

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK potential energy potensial energiya potentiometer potensiometr pour quy(il)moq power quvvat practical amaliy precise aniq precisely aniq tarzda precision aniqlik predict oldindan aytib bermoq predominate ustunlik qilmoq prefix old qo‘shimcha preliminary dastlabki pressure bosim presumably taxminan prevent oldini olmoq previous oldingi previously oldingi primary birlamchi primary coil birlamchi o‘rash g‘altagi primary color birlamchi rang primary pigment birlamchi pigment principle prinsip principal axis bosh o‘q principal focus bosh fokus principal focal point bosh fokus nuqtasi principle of superposition ustiga qo‘yish prinsipi prism prizma probability ehtimollik probe sinov procedure tartib, muolaja process jarayon productivity unumdorlik programmable dasturlanadigan prohibit taqiqlamoq project loyiha projectile uchuvchi zarra, tashlangan jism projectile motion tashlangan jism harakati propel yurish property xossa proportional proporsional proportionality proporsionalllik proportionality constant proporsionalllik koeffitsiyenti propose taklif qilmoq proton proton protractor protraktor prove isbotlamoq proximity yaqinlik NYS Statewide Language RBERN 25

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK puck shayba puddle payvandlash vannasi pull-tab tortib ochish quloqchasi pulley ko‘tarish bloki pulsar impuls hosil qiluvchi generator pulse impuls pump nasos push itarmoq putty silliqlash moyi (mastikasi) Pythagorean Pifagorga oid Pythagorean theorem Pifagor teoremasi Q quadrangular to‘rt burchakli quality sifat quantity miqdor quantize kvantlamoq quantum mechanics kvant mexanikasi quantum number kvantlar soni quantum theory kvant nazariyasi quark kvark quark model nucleon kvark modeli nuklonlari quotient koeffitsiyent R raceway, racetrack yugirish yo‘lagi, poyga treki racquet raketka radial radial radially radial tarzda radiation radioaktiv nurlanish radiator radiator radio radio radio wave radio to‘lqini radioactive radioaktiv radioactive decay radioaktiv parchalanish radioactive material radioaktiv material rainbow kamalak raise ko‘tarmoq ramp estakada random tasodifiy range diapazon rank martaba, unvon ray nur ray optics nur optikasi razor ustara reaction reaksiya readily tayyor holda NYS Statewide Language RBERN 26

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK real real real image real tasvir realistic realistik rebound urilib qaytish, orqaga urish reciprocal o‘zaro teskari recombine qayta qombinatsiyalamoq recognize tan olmoq rectangular to‘g‘ri burchakka oid red qizil redefine qayta aniqlamoq reed tilcha reestablish tiklamoq, qayta o‘rnatmoq refer havola qilmoq reference havola reference point bosh nuqta reflect aks ettirmoq reflection aks refraction sinish refrigerator muzlatkich regard ko‘rib chiqmoq region mintaqa register qayd etmoq regular reflection to‘g‘ri aks ettirish regulate tartibga solmoq reinforce armaturalamoq, armatura bilan mustahkamlamoq reinforcement armaturalash relate munosabatda bo‘lmoq relationship munosabat relatively nisbiy relativity nisbiylik release chiqarmoq remain qolmoq remainder qoldiq remove olib tashlamoq renew yangilamoq repeat takrorlamoq repel itarmoq, qaytarmoq repetitious takrorlanuvchi replace almashtirmoq represent tamsil etmoq repulsion itarmoq repulsive itaruvchi research tadqiq qilmoq resist qarshilik ko‘rsatmoq resistance qarshilik resistor rezistor resolve hal qilmoq NYS Statewide Language RBERN 27

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK resolving power of lens linzaning hal qiluvchi qobiliyati resonance rezonans respective tegishli response javob bermoq restatement qayta shakllantirish restoring force tiklovchi kuch resultant teng harakat qiluvchi kuch retain ushlab qolmoq retina parda reveal oshkor qilmoq, ko'rsatmoq reverse orqaga aylantirmoq revolve aylantirmoq rheostat reostat ribbon lenta ridge taroq, toj, qirra right angle to‘g‘ri burchak rigid qattiq ripple urib turmoq ripple tank to‘lqinli basseyn rise ko‘tarilmoq rivet chega, mixparchin robot robot robotics robotexnika rocket raketa rocking tebranish roll yumalamoq rope arqon rubber ball rezina to‘p rush ildam harakat S sac vtulka sack qop sag egi(li)sh, buki(li)sh sailor dengizchi sap tagidan qazmoq satellite sun’iy yo‘ldosh saxophone saksofon scaffold havoza scalar skalyar scalar quantity skalyar qiymat scale shkala schematic sxematik scientific ilmiy scientific method ilmiy usul scientific notation ilmiy taqdimot scintillation yorug‘lik chaqnashi NYS Statewide Language RBERN 28

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK scissors qaychi screen ekran screw shurup screwdriver otvyortka scuba akvalang sea level dengiz sathi seal plomba second ikkinchi secondary ikkilamchi secondary coil ikkilamchi o‘ram g‘ildiragi secondary color ikkilamchi rang secondary pigment ikkilamchi pigment second left-hand rule ikkinchi chap qo‘l qonuni second-order line ikkinchi tartib chizig‘i selenium selen self-inductance induktivlik semiconductor yarim o‘tkazgich sensation his qilish sense his sensitive ta’sirchan, nozik separate ajratmoq separated ajratilgan series ketma-ketlik series connection ketma-ket ulanish series-parallel circuit elementlarning ketma-ket va parallel ulanish sxemasi sewing tikish sewing needle tikuv ignasi shadow soya shape shakl share ulush ship builder kemasoz shirt Ko‘ylak short circuit qisqa tutashuv shot-putter yadro uloqtirgich shovel belkurak shrink toraymoq sidewalk yo‘lak sideway yon yo‘lak significant muhim significant digit muhim raqam silicon kremniy silk ipak silver kumush simple harmonic motion to‘g‘ri chiziq bo‘ylab uyg‘un harakat simple machine eng oddiy mexanizm simplify soddalashtirmoq single-flit diffraction bir tirqishli difraksiya NYS Statewide Language RBERN 29

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK sink cho’kmoq, tushmoq sine sinus sinus sinus sinkable cho‘kadigan siren sirena skating konkida yurish skydiver parashyutdan sakrovchi kishi sled chana sliding friction sirpanish ishqalanishi slightly yengil slit tirqish slope nishablik smokestack mo‘ri smooth silliq snap qisqich Snell’s Law Snell qonuni snowmobile qorda yuruvchi mashina socket rozetka sodium natriy solar quyoshga oid solar cell quyosh fotoelementi solid qattiq solid state qattiq holat solidity qattiqlik solution eritma sonar gidrolokator soot qurum soprano soprano sound wave tovush to‘lqini South Pole Janubiy qutb spacecraft kosmik kema (apparat) spark uchqun specific alohida specific heat solishtirma issiqlik sig‘imi speck tomchi spectrometer spektrometr spectroscope spektroskop spectrum spektr speed tezlik sphere sfera spherical sferaga oid spherical aberration sfera og‘ishi spider web o‘rgimchak to‘ri spill toshish spin aylantirish spiral spiral

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 30

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK split parchalanish spoiler bo‘lib qo‘yuvchi spontaneously o‘z-o‘zidan (tashqari ta’sirsiz, ichki sabablar tufayli) yuzaga keladigan, o‘z-o‘zidan yuz beradigan spoon qoshiqcha spray sepmoq spread tarqatmoq spring prujina sprinkle purkamoq square kvadrat standard atmospheric pressure normal atmosfera bosimi startling hayratga soladigan state holat standing turuvchi standing wave turuvchi to‘lqin static friction statik ishqalanish static electricity static elektr toki statics statika stationary statsionar steam bug‘ stem sterjen step-down transformer pasaytiruvchi transformator step-up transformer oshiruvchi transformator stick xivich stiffness qattiqlik still harakatsiz stimulate rag‘batlantirmoq stimulated emission majburiy nurlanish stitch chok stone tosh store saqlamoq straight to‘g‘ri straighten to‘g‘rila(n)moq strain deformatsiya straw trubkacha strength kuch stretch cho‘zish strike zarba string ip, tor strip ensiz tasma strobe strob-impuls strobe light yaltiragan yorug‘lik mayog‘i strobe photography stroboskopik fotosurat strong nuclear force kuchli yadro kuchi structure struktura, tuzilma subatomic kichik atomga oid

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 31

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK submarine suvosti kemasi submerge suvga botmoq substance modda substitute almashtirmoq subtraction ayirish succession izchillik suddenly qo‘qqisdan sufficiently yetarli sulfide sulfid summarize yakunlamoq superposition ustiga qo‘yish supersonic tovushdan tez support qo‘llamoq surface yuza surface tension yuza tarangnligi surface wave yuza to‘lqini surgery jarrohlik operatsiyasi surplus oshiqcha narsa suspect gumon qilmoq suspend to‘xtatib turmoq Swedish Shved (Svetsiyaga oid) sweep tozalamoq swing tebranmoq swing seat tebranivchi kreslo (qo‘ltiq) swirl girdob symbol ramz, belgi symmetrical simmetrik synchrocyclotron sinxrosiklotron systematic tizimli tarzda systematic method tizimli usul T table jadval tangent urinma (egri chiziqning biror nuqtasiga tegib o‘tgan to‘g‘ri chiziq) tank rezervuar technique usullar technologist texnolog telescope teleskop temperature temperatura temperature scale temperatura shkalasi temporary vaqtincha tend tamoyilga ega bo‘lmoq tendency tamoyil tensile tortiluvchi tension kuchlanish terminal velocity pirovard tezlik NYS Statewide Language RBERN 32

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK terrestrial yerga oid tesla tesla tetrachloride tetraxlorid The Law of Conservation of Energy energiyaning saqlanish qonuni The Law of Conservation of Momentum impulsning saqlanish qonuni The Law of Reflection Aks ettirish qonuni The first law of Thermodynamics termodinamikaning birinchi qonuni The second law of Thermodynamics termodinamikaning ikkinchi qonuni theoretical physicist nazariyachi fizik theory nazariya theory of relativity nisbiylik nazariyasi thermal issiqlikka oid thermal energy issiqlik energiyasi thermal equilibrium issiqlik muvozanati thermal expansion issiqlikdan kengayish thermodynamics termodinamika thermometer termometr thermometry termometriya thermonuclear termoyadro thermonuclear reaction termoyadro reaksiyasi thermostat termostat thin yupqa thin film yupqa plyonka thorium toriy thread ip threshold ostona throat bo‘g‘iz thumb bir dyuymga teng uzunlik o‘lchovi tide dengiz suvining ko‘tarilishi va pasayishi tighten tarang tortmoq tightly zich tilt qiyalik timbre taxta-yog‘och time vaqt tiny mayda tire avtomobil shinasi tissue to‘qima tolerate yo‘l qo‘ymoq toner toner tongue til torr torr torsion aylanish torsion balance aylanuvchi tarozi total internal reflection to‘liq ichki aks ettirish tower minora tractor traktor train poyezd NYS Statewide Language RBERN 33

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK trajectory trayektoriya trampoline tramplin tranquilizer trankvilizator transducer o‘zgartirish qurilmasi transfer uzatmoq, ko‘chirmoq transformer transformator transistor tranzistor translucent yarim shaffof transmission transmissiya transmit o‘tkazmoq transmitted wave o‘tuvchi to‘lqin transmutation transmutatsiya transparent shaffof transverse ko‘ndalang transverse wave ko‘ndalang to‘lqin trench transheya triangle uchburchak trigger ishga tushiruvchi qurilma trigonometry trigonometriya trillion trillion trombone trombon trough tarnov trumpet truba (musiqa asbobi) tuba tuba tube naycha tune ohang tuning fork kamerton tungsten volfram tunnel tunnel turbulent turbulent twice Ikki marta twirl aylanish twist aylantirish U ultrasonography ultratovush yordamida tekshirish ultrasound ultratovush unaffected ta’sirlanmagan unavailability qo‘l yetmaslik unbalance muvozanat yo‘qligi unbalance force muvozanat yo‘qligi kuchi uncertainty noaniqlik unchanged o‘zgarmagan undergo duchor bo‘lmoq undiminished kamaytirilmagan uniform bir tekis uniform acceleration bir tekis tezlashtirish NYS Statewide Language RBERN 34

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK uniform circular motion aylana bo‘ylab bir tekis harakat uniformly bir tekislik unit birlik units of force kuch birliklari universe borliq unknown noma’lum unsteady beqaror upright tik, vertikal upward yuqoriga yo‘nalgan utensil idish V vacuum vakuum valid haqiqiy value qiymat vapor bug‘lar vapor state bug‘ holati Vaporization bug‘lanish vaporize bug‘lan(tir)moq variable o‘zgaruvchan kattalik variation variatsiya variety turli-tumanlik various turli-tuman vector vektor vector quantity vektor kattaligi vector resolution vektor ajralishi vector sum vektor yig‘indisi vein pay, qatlam velocity tezlik verification tasdiqlash vertex verteks vertically vertikal holatda vibrate tebranmoq vibrational motion tebranish harakati violate buzmoq virtual virtual virtual image virtual tasvir viscous yopishqoq viscous liquid yopishqoq suyuqlik visible ko‘rinadigan visualize ko’rinadigan qilmoq vocal ovozga oid vocal cord tovush paychasi volatile uchuvchan volatile liquid uchuvchan suyuqlik volt volt voltaic voltga oid NYS Statewide Language RBERN 35

PHYSICS GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

ENGLISH UZBEK voltaic cell volt elementi voltage kuchlanish voltage divider kuchlanish bo‘luvchisi voltage drop kuchlanishni pasayishi voltmeter voltmetr volume hajm vowel unli tovush W water pollution suvning ifloslanishi wave speed to‘lqin tezligi weak force zaif kuch X Y Z X-rays rentgen nuri X-value abscissa qiymati Xerox “Xerox” nusxa ko‘chirish apparati Y-value ordinata qiymati yellow sariq zinc rux

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 36