Attachment A – Listed Indigenous cultural values of places on the National and World Heritage List (Note: details of the National Heritage criteria (a) – (i), and World Heritage criteria (i) – (x) are respectively listed at the end of this table)

Year listed State Place name

National Heritage List criteria - summary of listed Indigenous values World Heritage List criteria - summary of listed Indigenous values

Aesthetic value Aesthetic

(a) Events, processes in Australian Australian in processes Events, (a) history Rarity (b) Research (c) places of class of characteristics (e) achievement technical or (f)Creative value spiritual or Social (g) people Significant (h) tradition Indigenous (i) ACT Old Parliament 2006 a b c d e f g h a) Saw the growth of Commonwealth responsibility for Aboriginal affairs. Key events include the Bark Petition sent by Yirrkala NA House and community in 1963 protesting bauxite mining in Arnhem Land/ the 1967 Referendum; and the focus of Aboriginal political protest. Curtilage The siting of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy outside Parliament House in 1972 was a part of this protest. h) Special association with Senator Neville Bonner AO, the first Aboriginal parliamentarian, elected in 1972.

ACT High Court - 2007 a d e f g a) Place where Mabo and Wik decisions were made. NA National Gallery Precinct ACT 2008 a b d e g h a) Bogong moth feasting. NA National Parks and Reserves NSW Brewarrina 2005 b f g i b) Rare because a dry-stone fish trap on a large river system, largest trap recorded. NA Aboriginal Fish f) Unusual and highly innovative development in pre-European Aboriginal technology. Traps (Baiames g) Strong social, cultural and spiritual association with Aboriginal people. Ngunnu) i) The role of an ancestral being (Baiame) in creating built structures is extremely unusual in Aboriginal society.

NSW Willandra Lakes 1981 (WH) a b c g was one of 15 World Heritage places included in the National Heritage List under the Environment (iii): The drying up of the Willandra Lakes some 18,500 years BP allowed the survival of remarkable evidence of Region (WHA) 1995* Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 21 May 2007. the way early people interacted with their environment. The undisturbed stratigraphy has revealed evidence of Homo sapiens in this area from nearly 50,000 years BP, including the earliest known cremation, fossil trackways, 2007 (NH) Listed under the following World Heritage cultural criteria: early use of grindstone technology and the exploitation of freshwater resources, all of which provide an (iii) The drying up of the Willandra Lakes some 18,500 years BP allowed the survival of remarkable evidence of the way early exceptional testimony to human development during the Pleistocene period. people interacted with their environment. The undisturbed stratigraphy has revealed evidence of Homo sapiens in this area from (viii): Willandra Lakes Region is also of exceptional importance for investigating the period when humans nearly 50,000 years BP, including the earliest known cremation, fossil trackways, early use of grindstone technology and the became dominant in , and the large species of wildlife became extinct, and research continues to exploitation of freshwater resources, all of which provide an exceptional testimony to human development during the Pleistocene elucidate what role humans played in these events. period. (viii) Willandra Lakes Region is also of exceptional importance for investigating the period when humans became dominant in *The Willandra Lakes Region was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1981. The original boundary of the Australia, and the large species of wildlife became extinct, and research continues to elucidate what role humans played in World Heritage property was modified in 1995 in order to better define the area containing the World these events. Heritage values NSW Kurnell Peninsula 2004 a b g h a) and b) Site of first recorded contact between Indigenous people and Britain in eastern Australia and symbolically NA Headland represents the birthplace of a nation and the dispossession of Indigenous people. g) Commencement of colonization of Australia and dispossession, underpinned by the doctrine of terra nullius.

NSW First Government 2005 a b c g h a) Associated with some major policy decisions relating to Aboriginal people and their flow-on effect e.g. Governor King setting a NA House Site precedent for direct action by settlers in opposing Aboriginal resistance, and Governor Gipps taking direct action against Europeans involved in the Myall Creek massacre of 1838. g) Tangible link to early white settlement - cultural focus and landmark for many Australians of British descent, for First Fleet descendants and for Aboriginal people. h) Associated with Arabanoo, Colbee and Bennelong. Pemulway, Nanbaree and Booron are also noteworthy regarding their impacts and interactions with the new settlement. NSW Cyprus Hellene 2008 a g h a) Location of the first national Indigenous protest, the Day of Mourning, coinciding with the 1938 sesquicentenary celebrations of NA Club - Australian Australia Day. Hall g) Day of Mourning regarded by Indigenous people as one of the most important moments in the history of the Indigenous resistance in the early 20th century. h) Australia Hall has a special association with the work of the organisers of the Day of Mourning, which is outstanding for its continued relevance to Indigenous people. NSW Moree Baths and 2013 a h a) The place where student protests in 1965 highlighted the legalised segregation and racism experienced by Aboriginal people in NA Swimming Pool Australia. The protest was an important contributor to the climate of opinion which produced a yes vote in the 1967 referendum. h) Special association with Aboriginal activist Dr Charles Nelson Perrurle Perkins AO. NSW Myall Creek 2008 a a) The last time the Colonial Administration intervened to ensure the laws of the colony were applied equally to Aboriginal NA Massacre and people and settlers involved in frontier killings. Memorial Site NSW Sydney Opera 2005 (WH) a b e f g h h) The peninsula is associated with Bennelong, who was the first Aboriginal adult in the new colony to play a significant role in Included on World Heritage List as representing a masterpiece of human creative genius (criterion i) - not for House (WHA) mediating interactions between Aboriginal people and the early settlers and was reportedly highly regarded by both Aboriginal Indigenous cultural values. 2007 (NH) people and Europeans. Governor Phillip built the first structure - a house - on the peninsula for Bennelong’s use, and from the 1790s the peninsula became known as ‘Bennelong Point’ and was known to Aboriginal people as Tyubowgule.

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NT Wave Hill Walk Off 2007 a h a) The Gurindji were the first Aboriginal community to have land returned to them by the Commonwealth Government. The NA Route ceremony of the handover was conducted in a manner to highlight this historic precedent in the relationship between the Commonwealth Government and Aboriginal people over land rights. h) Special association with Vincent Lingiari, Aboriginal leader of the Wave Hill walk off and recipient of lands on behalf of the Gurindgji.

NT Uluru - Kata Tjuta 1987 (WH) a b c d e g i Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park was one of 15 World Heritage places included in the National Heritage List under the (v) Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park is an outstanding example of the traditional human settlement and land- National Park 1994* Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 21 May 2007. use known as hunting and gathering. Relatively few contemporary hunting and gathering cultures now exist (WHA) throughout the world. The World Heritage values include: 2007 (NH) Listed under the following World Heritage cultural criteria: • the continuing cultural landscape of the Anangu Tjukurpa that constitutes the landscape of Uluru-Kata Tjuta (v) Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park is an outstanding example of the traditional human settlement and land-use known as hunting National Park and which: and gathering. Relatively few contemporary hunting and gathering cultures now exist throughout the world. The World Heritage • is an outstanding example of a traditional human type of settlement and land-use, namely hunting and values include: gathering, that dominated the entire Australian continent up to modern times; • the continuing cultural landscape of the Anangu Tjukurpa that constitutes the landscape of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park and • shows the interactions between humans and their environment; which: • is in large part the outcome of millennia of management using traditional Anangu methods governed by • is an outstanding example of a traditional human type of settlement and land-use, namely hunting and gathering, that the Tjukurpa; is one of relatively few places in Australia where landscapes are actively managed by dominated the entire Australian continent up to modern times; Aboriginal communities on a substantial scale using traditional practices and knowledge that include: • shows the interactions between humans and their environment; particular types of social organisation, ceremonies and rituals which form an adaptation to the fragile and • is in large part the outcome of millennia of management using traditional Anangu methods governed by the Tjukurpa; unpredictable ecosystems of the arid landscape; detailed systems of ecological knowledge that closely • is one of relatively few places in Australia where landscapes are actively managed by Aboriginal communities on a parallel, yet differ from, the Western scientific classification; and management techniques to conserve substantial scale using traditional practices and knowledge that include: particular types of social organisation, ceremonies biodiversity such as the use of fire and the creation and maintenance of water sources such as wells and and rituals which form an adaptation to the fragile and unpredictable ecosystems of the arid landscape; detailed systems of rock holes. ecological knowledge that closely parallel, yet differ from, the Western scientific classification; and management techniques (vi) Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park is directly and tangibly associated with events, living traditions, ideas and to conserve biodiversity such as the use of fire and the creation and maintenance of water sources such as wells and rock beliefs of outstanding universal significance. The World Heritage values include: holes. • the continuing cultural landscape of Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park which is imbued with the values of (vi) Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park is directly and tangibly associated with events, living traditions, ideas and beliefs of outstanding creative powers of cultural history through the Tjukurpa and the phenomenon of sacred sites; universal significance. The World Heritage values include: • the associated powerful religious, artistic and cultural qualities of this cultural landscape; and • the continuing cultural landscape of Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park which is imbued with the values of creative powers of the network of ancestral tracks established during the Tjukurpa in which Uluru and Kata Tjuta are meeting points. cultural history through the Tjukurpa and the phenomenon of sacred sites; • the associated powerful religious, artistic and cultural qualities of this cultural landscape; and *Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in two stages, initially for its outstanding • the network of ancestral tracks established during the Tjukurpa in which Uluru and Kata Tjuta are meeting points. universal natural values in 1987 and then for its outstanding universal cultural values in 1994.

NT Hermannsburg 2006 a b d h a) Reflects several phases of missionary and government policy towards Aboriginal people spanning 105 years, from NA Historic Precinct intervention to protectionist policies, assimilation and finally self-determination. The mission functioned as a refuge for Aboriginal people during the violent frontier conflict that was a feature of early pastoral settlement in central Australia. b) One for the few surviving relatively intact mission station complexes. Contains a rare suite of features illustrating the development of such missions and their associated Aboriginal communities. Longest running Aboriginal mission that was both continually managed by a denominational body, and that operated as a separate Aboriginal settlement throughout its history. d) Illustrates some of the common themes of Aboriginal mission life in the late 1800s and early 1900s. h) Associated with Albert Namatjira and Aboriginal artists who paint in the watercolour tradition. Associated with Carl T.G. Strehlow and Theodore G.H. Strehlow, Lutheran missionaries who made a singular contribution to the record of Aboriginal traditions through their work in the region.

NT Kakadu National 1981 (WH) a b c d e f g i Kakadu was one of 15 World Heritage places included in the National Heritage List under the Environment Protection and (i) Kakadu’s art sites represent a unique artistic achievement because of the wide range of styles used, the large Park (WHA) 1987* Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 21 May 2007. number and density of sites and the delicate and detailed depiction of a wide range of human figures and 1992* identifiable animal species, including animals long extinct; and 2011* Listed under the following World Heritage cultural criteria: (vi) The rock art and archaeological record is an exceptional source of evidence for social and ritual (i) Kakadu’s art sites represent a unique artistic achievement because of the wide range of styles used, the large number and activities associated with hunting and gathering traditions of Aboriginal people from the Pleistocene era 2007 (NH) density of sites and the delicate and detailed depiction of a wide range of human figures and identifiable animal species, including until the present day. animals long extinct; and (vi) The rock art and archaeological record is an exceptional source of evidence for social and ritual activities associated with * was inscribed on the World Heritage List in three stages - 1981 (Stage 1), 1987 hunting and gathering traditions of Aboriginal people from the Pleistocene era until the present day. (Stages 1 and 2) and 1992 (Stages 1, 2 and 3). On 27 June 2011, Koongarra was added to the Kakadu National Park World Heritage Area. NT Wurrwurrwuy 2013 b b) Stone pictures are a rare example of stones arranged to depict utilitarian and secular objects rather than the arranged stones NA stone being associated with ceremony and the sacred. It is also a place with rare depictions of the internal arrangements in praus (vessels arrangements used by the Macassan traders in the trepang trade).

Qld Wet Tropics of 1988 (WH) a b c d e f i a) Only place in Australia where Aboriginal people permanently inhabited a rainforest - year-round occupation demonstrated by Included on the World Heritage List for natural values but not Indigenous cultural values. Queensland camping places and archaeological sites; traditions linked to volcanism at Lake Eacham provide indirect evidence of antiquity of (WHA) 2007 (NH) occupation. f) Technical achievements that allowed rainforest Aboriginal people to utilise toxic plants. Unique and specialised material culture including bicornual baskets, grooved grinding slabs, crushing stones, anvils pitted with small hollows, hammerstones and polished waisted stone axes called ooyurkas. Specific uses of fire to manage and alter rainforest. i) Traditions established by creation beings about the toxicity of plants and the techniques used to process toxic plants are unusual in an Australian context and are of outstanding heritage value to the nation. There are a number of traditions that describe how creation beings created and instructed rainforest Aboriginal people about the foods found in the rainforest and how to make them edible. These traditions are inscribed in the landscape at particular named places. These places and traditional law provide the conceptual framework that underpins the rainforest Aboriginal people's technical achievement in processing toxic plants.

Qld Ngarrabullgan 2011 b b) The whole of Ngarrabullgan and Lake Koongarra which are home to, and contain the essence of a dangerous creation being, NA together with the archaeological sites on the mountain showing avoidance starting about 600 years ago, provide an exceptionally rare example of an archaeologically recorded change in behaviour which is consistent with contemporary Aboriginal traditions and beliefs.

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Qld Quinkan 2018 a c h i a) a representation of an evolving and dynamic cultural landscape that exemplifies the way in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait NA Country Islander peoples adapt and modify their traditions, kin structures and practices to maintain their connection to country, culture and identity. c) a high level of potential to yield information, including from Traditional Owners and cultural custodians, that will contribute to an improved understanding of Australia’s rock art and pre-history. h) its association with the late Dr Tommy George, Dr George Musgrave, Percy Trezise AM and Dick Roughsey. Collectively or individually, these men educated the broader public and academia about Aboriginal art and culture in a number of genres ranging from children’s books to academic archives that continue to provide a foundation for archaeological work and rock art. i) Quinkan Traditional Owners and cultural custodians maintain a continuing and dynamic association with their cultural landscape defined by an extensive, distinctive assemblage of rock art, deep cultural deposits of rock shelters and in a continuum of cultural features across the landscape. This millennia-long association from the Pleistocene to the present is exemplified by the tangible and intangible associations of the distinctive and recognisable Timara and Imjim spirit figures, after which this rock art region is named. SA/ The Burke, Wills, 2015 a h a) The Burke and Wills Expedition traversed the length of the country; however, the events that unfolded, primarily in NA Qld King and Yandruwandha Aboriginal country, are significant in the context of the dominant 19th century European attitudes towards Yandruwandha Aboriginal people. Whereas Burke had been suspicious of the Yandruwandha's interest in the party and kept them at a safe National Heritage distance, he, Wills and King became increasingly dependent on contact with the Yandruwandha as their situation worsened. After Place Burke and Wills died, John King followed the movements of Yandruwandha and lived with them until he was found by Howitt. h) The Burke and Wills Expedition Sites have outstanding heritage value to the nation because of their special association with Robert Burke, William Wills, John King, Alfred Howitt and the Yandruwandha people who assisted the expedition.

SA Great Artesian 2009 a b d i d) The Witjira-Dalhousie Mound Springs are an outstanding example showing the principle characteristics of mound springs as a Basin Springs: class of Aboriginal cultural places. They are associated with an exceptionally large number of traditional song lines and story lines, NA Witjira-Dalhousie rainmaking rituals were performed there, and the density of artefacts and the large size of Aboriginal camp sites, some measuring up to a kilometre in length and thousands of square metres in extent, is unusual. i) Witjira-Dalhousie Mound Springs has outstanding heritage value to the nation for its association with an exceptional density of story or song lines most of which are associated with mound springs. There are twenty four recorded song lines that originate or pass through Witjira-Dalhousie Mound Springs including: the Kestrel story, the Printi and the Goanna Women, the Rain Ancestor (Anintjola), the Dog story, the Frill Neck Lizard story, the Boy from Dalhousie, the Goanna Party and the Echidna Woman, Old Man Kingfisher and Old Woman Kingfisher, the Blind Rainbow Snake, Old Man Rainbow Snake, Perentie and the Boys, the Big Boys, the Perentie Goanna Camp, the Perentie Staked His Foot and the Two Boys song line. Unlike the traditions associated with the mound spring groups at Lake Eyre and Lake Frome, a tradition has been recorded that explains why some of the mound springs at Witjira- Dalhousie produce hot water. SA Koonalda Cave 2014 a a) First site of its kind to be reliably dated to the mid Pleistocene (circa 22,000 years BP). Discovery of the significance of Koonalda NA Cave in 1956 transformed the way Aboriginal rock art and human occupation sites throughout Australia were interpreted by archaeologists, as previously there was a widely held preconception that Aboriginal people had only lived on the Australian continent for a relatively short time (circa 7000 years). Also proved that Aboriginal people survived in the arid region during the Last Glacial Maximum, previously thought to have been impossible due to the harsh environmental conditions at the time.

Tas Recherche Bay 2005 a c f g h a) Extensive and well documented encounters between members of D'Entrecasteaux's expedition and the Tasmanian Aborigines NA (North East before they were significantly affected by disease and European settlement. Peninsula) Area g) Strong association by the Tasmanian Aboriginal community with the Recherche Bay Area as the place associated with the best documentary evidence of Tasmanian Aboriginal culture before European settlement.

Tas Tasmanian 1982 (WH) a b c d e g The Tasmanian Wilderness was one of 15 World Heritage places included in the National Heritage List under the (iii) To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living, Wilderness 1989* Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 21 May 2007. or which has disappeared. (WHA) 2010* (vii) To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use or sea-use which is 2012* Listed under the following World Heritage cultural criteria: representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has 2013* (iii) To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living, or which has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change. disappeared. (vii) To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with 2007 (NH) (v) To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change. * The Tasmanian Wilderness was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1982 and extended in 1989, June 2010, (vi) To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary June 2012 and again in June 2013 works of outstanding universal significance.

Tas Jordan River levee 2011 g g) The place and its stone artefacts provide a connection to their collective ancestors, to their way of living and to their traditional NA cultural practices that can be handed on to succeeding generations. Exceptional symbolic importance arising from the Tasmanian Aboriginal people's collective defence of their identity in the face of threats to their heritage.

Tas Western Tasmania 2013 a a) Specialised, sedentary way of life based on a strikingly low level of coastal fishing and dependence on seals, shellfish and land NA Aboriginal Cultural mammals. Greatest number, diversity and density of Aboriginal hut depressions. Circular pits in cobble beaches believed to be Landscape seal hunting hides.

Vic National 2004 (NH) a f a -i) people constructed channels to link ; weirs to pond water; and, stone fish traps, allowing them to iii) An exceptional testimony to the cultural traditions, knowledge, practices and ingenuity of the Gunditjmara. Heritage Landscape create or manipulate wetlands, providing ideal conditions to grow and harvest eels and fish. v) Outstanding representative example of human interaction with the environment and testimony to the lives Tyredarra Area 2019 (WH) a -ii) provides a particularly clear example of the way that Aboriginal people used their environment as a base for launching of the Gunditjmara. (WHA) attacks on European settlers and escaping reprisal raids during frontier conflicts. f) The system of ponds, wetlands, channels, weirs and fish traps in the Mt Eccles/Lake area.

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Vic Budj Bim National 2004 (NH) a b f i a -i) It contains the remains of a complex system of natural and artificially created wetlands, channels, the stone bases of iii) An exceptional testimony to the cultural traditions, knowledge, practices and ingenuity of the Gunditjmara. Heritage Landscape weirs and stone fish traps that were used by Gunditjmara people to grow and harvest eels and fish. v) Outstanding representative example of human interaction with the environment and testimony to the lives - Mt Eccles Lake 2019 (WH) a -ii) Provides a particularly clear example of the way that Aboriginal people used their environment as a base for launching of the Gunditjmara. Condah Area (WHA) attacks on European settlers and escaping reprisal raids during frontier conflicts. b) The legal process under which it was returned to the community is a rare example of the Commonwealth using its constitutional powers to provide benefits for a specific Aboriginal community. f) The system of ponds, wetlands, channels, weirs and fish traps in the Mt Eccles/ area. i) A demonstration of the process through which ancestral beings reveal themselves in the landscape.

Vic Coranderrk 2011 a b a) Central to the development of Aboriginal policies and legislation in (subsequent significant influence on other NA jurisdictions). b) Associated with an uncommon and unusually early (1860-1869) system for managing Aboriginal people on reserves that provided for Aboriginal autonomy and self-determination rather than paternalistic control and direction.

Vic Mount William 2008 a b a-i) The number, size and density of the quarry pits; the number and size of flaking floors and associated debris; and the distance NA Stone Hatchet over which hatchet heads were traded is outstanding for showing the social and technological response by Aboriginal people to Quarry the expansion of eastern Australian woodlands in the late Holocene. a-ii) Early public interest and recognition of Aboriginal history (from 1855). b) One of only two examples of recorded Aboriginal custodial control over a stone resource.

Vic Melbourne’s 2018 a b a) The King’s Domain Resting Place represents Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ rights to assert control over their NA Domain heritage, in particular their ancestors' remains. Parkland and b) The place is located within an older and ancient Kulin Aboriginal landscape. The Indigenous community maintains important Memorial traditional and contemporary stories and associations with this place. Precinct Vic Grampians 2006 a d e a) The Grampians, notably Billimina and Drual, are important evidence of early occupation in the semi-arid zone and later NA National Park temperate environments over the past 20,000 years. (Gariwerd) e) Contains the densest concentration of rock art paintings in Victoria and constitutes one of the major rock art regions of SE Australia. WA The West 2011 a b c d e f g h i a-i) Carpenter's Gap 1 and Riwi rock shelters provide evidence of social and economic networks 30,000 years ago over NA Kimberley distances of 500 km (pearl shell beads). a-ii) Carpenter's Gap 1 and Riwi rock shelters provide evidence of the antiquity of the symbolic use of ochre on a rock surface, the earliest 'art' in Australia's cultural history. a-iii) Pearl shell beds from a number of sites, believed to have been created by Dreamtime Beings, is the source of the item most widely distributed by Aboriginal people. a-iv) The limestone ranges of the Devonian Reef are the place where Bunuba resistance held back the advance of European settlement for 13 years. a-v) Bungurun (Derby Leprosarium) is the only extant facility to tell the national story of leprosy treatment of Aboriginal people. a-vi) Parts of Noonkanbah station are significant as the site of the Noonkanbah dispute, an important event in the national struggle of Aboriginal people to have their rights to practice traditional law and culture recognised and to protect their heritage for future generations. b-i) The fossil human footprint sites of the Dampier Coast are one of only three documented human track sites in Australia and the only one from the west coast of Australia. b-ii) Carpenter's Gap 1 has a rare archaeological sequence of micro and macro-botanical remains spanning 40,000 years, contributing to understanding of climate change, and plant procurement strategies through the last glacial maximum when many occupation sites were abandoned across Australia. c-i) The coastline from Cape Londonderry to Cape Leveque have significant potential to yield new archaeological information. c-ii) The West Kimberley coast has the potential to yield information on Indonesian-Aboriginal interactions. d) The , its tributaries, floodplains and jila sites are outstanding for demonstrating the diversity of the Rainbow Serpent tradition within a single freshwater hydrological system. e) Aboriginal rock art paintings in the west Kimberley are of both powerful and of deep religious significance and represent a stunning visual record of an ongoing Aboriginal painting tradition in a substantially unmodified landscape. f-i) The West Kimberley complex of painted images is considered one of the longest and most complex painted 'rock art' sequences anywhere in the world. f-ii) Sacred Heart Church at Beagle Bay - high degree of creative and technical achievement in the use of pearl shell and other locally sourced media to decorate the interior, combining western religious and Aboriginal motifs. h) Special association with Jandamarra, Indigenous resistance fighter. i) The Wanjina-Wunggurr tradition, with features including the painted images of Wanjina and Gwion in rock shelters across the west Kimberley, provides testimony of a complex association of socio-religious beliefs that continues to be central to the laws and customs of the Wanjina-Wunggurr people.

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WA Dampier 2007 a b c d f a-i) Engravings of a wide range of species showing changes before/after a sea level rise c.8,000 years BP - outstanding visual record Murujuga Cultural Landscape was included in Australia’s World Heritage Tentative List in January 2020. Archipelago of Aboriginal responses to the rise of sea levels at the end of the last ice age. (including Burrup a-ii) Engraved 'archaic faces' - some unique to area. Archaic faces are widely distributed throughout Australia - demonstrate the Peninsula) long history of contact and shared visual narratives between Aboriginal societies. b-i) Exceptional diversity of representations of the human form in rock engravings. b-ii) Very high density of rock engraving sites. b-iii) High density of standing stones, stone pits and circular stone arrangements, interpreted as hunting hides, ceremonial sites or markers for resources such as water. c-i) Exceptional example of how detailed analysis of archaeological remains and associated rock engravings contributes to understanding of cultural and economic meaning of rock engravings. c-ii) Potential to become a key site for establishing the sequence of engraved motifs in the Pilbara. c-iii) 'Archaic Faces' may contribute to understanding of connections between the coast and the Western Desert. d-i) Outstanding example of diversity of human forms representative of all style provinces in the Pilbara, the most exciting region of rock engravings in Australia. d-ii) Standing stones exceptional for the number of purposes they are known to have served. f) Rock engravings show exceptional creative diversity.

WA Wilgie Mia 2011 a b d f i a) Largest traditional ochre mine traded over the most extensive pre-contact ochre trade network recorded in Australia. NA Aboriginal Ochre b) Evidence of mining techniques that have not been recorded at other traditional Aboriginal mines and are an uncommon Mine aspect of Australia's cultural history. d) Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of traditional Aboriginal ochre mining. The knowledge about creation stories, guardian spirits and protective rituals is not matched at any other major Aboriginal ochre mine in Australia. Possesses all the features found in traditional Aboriginal mines. f) The places importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement during the last three thousand years. i) Wilgie Mia has outstanding heritage value to the nation for its importance as part of a continuing Indigenous tradition.

WA Cheetup Rock 2009 a b f a) a) Demonstrates that Aboriginal people had developed the technology to process the toxic food source by the late Pleistocene NA Shelter (c. 13,200 years BP), about eight thousand years prior to, and independent of, the cultural changes associated with the introduction of the small tool tradition. b) b) Rare remains of a partially cremated infant, also rare for showing symbolic rites of passage not commonly extended to the newly born. f) Technical achievement of processing toxic cycad seeds for food. WA The 2010 (NH) a b c d f a) Best evidence in Australia for the use of marine resources by Aboriginal people during the Pleistocene including their uses as Included on the World Heritage List for natural values but not Indigenous cultural values. (WHA) food and for personal adornment. 2011 (WH) c) Potential to provide further insights into marine resource use by Aboriginal people in the Pleistocene and the less well understood last glacial maximum. f) Shell beads demonstrate a high degree of creative and technical achievement.

World Heritage criteria (i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; (ii) to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design (iii) to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared (iv) to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history (v) to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change (vi) to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance (The Committee considers that criterion (vi) should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria) (vii) to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance (viii) to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features (ix) to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals (x) to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

National Heritage criteria (a) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s importance in the course, or pattern, of Australia’s natural or cultural history (b) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Australia’s natural or cultural history (c) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Australia’s natural or cultural history (d) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of: (i) a class of Australia’s natural or cultural places; or (ii) a class of Australia’s natural or cultural environments (e) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by a community or cultural group (f) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period (g) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons (h) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Australia’s natural or cultural history (i) the place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place’s importance as part of indigenous tradition.

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