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Myth Making, Juridification, and Parasitical Discourse: a Barthesian Semiotic Demystification of Canadian Political Discourse on Marijuana
MYTH MAKING, JURIDIFICATION, AND PARASITICAL DISCOURSE: A BARTHESIAN SEMIOTIC DEMYSTIFICATION OF CANADIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE ON MARIJUANA DANIEL PIERRE-CHARLES CRÉPAULT Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Criminology Department of Criminology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Daniel Pierre-Charles Crépault, Ottawa, Canada, 2019 ABSTRACT The legalization of marijuana in Canada represents a significant change in the course of Canadian drug policy. Using a semiotic approach based on the work of Roland Barthes, this dissertation explores marijuana’s signification within the House of Commons and Senate debates between 1891 and 2018. When examined through this conceptual lens, the ongoing parliamentary debates about marijuana over the last 127 years are revealed to be rife with what Barthes referred to as myths, ideas that have become so familiar that they cease to be recognized as constructions and appear innocent and natural. Exploring one such myth—the necessity of asserting “paternal power” over individuals deemed incapable of rational calculation—this dissertation demonstrates that the processes of political debate and law-making are also a complex “politics of signification” in which myths are continually being invoked, (re)produced, and (re)transmitted. The evolution of this myth is traced to the contemporary era and it is shown that recent attempts to criminalize, decriminalize, and legalize marijuana are indices of a process of juridification that is entrenching legal regulation into increasingly new areas of Canadian life in order to assert greater control over the consumption of marijuana and, importantly, over the risks that this activity has been semiologically associated with. -
RULINGS of the SPEAKER of the SENATE 41St Parliament 2011-2015
RULINGS OF THE SPEAKER OF THE SENATE 41st Parliament 2011-2015 September 2016 Prepared by the Chamber Operations and Procedure Office Introduction The Speaker of the Senate is named by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Speaker presides over proceedings; rules on procedural matters such as points of order, the initial merits of questions of privilege and requests for emergency debate; and generally maintains order and decorum during sittings. The Speaker cannot, however, act independently of the institution. Almost all of the Speaker’s decisions are subject to appeal and can be overturned by a majority vote. The 41st Parliament was a period of transition for the Senate and for the Canadian polity. After two successive minority governments covering three Parliaments, the general election returned a majority in the House of Commons, and, for the first time since 2006, government supporters were a majority both in the appointed Senate and in the elected House of Commons. Within the Senate, the long service of Speaker Noël A. Kinsella, P.C., named to that post in 2006, drew to a close with his resignation in late 2014. His successor, the Honourable Pierre Claude Nolin, had served as Speaker pro tempore since November 20, 2013. This, coupled with his long years of work in the Senate, placed him in a strong position to build on his predecessor’s contribution to the work of the institution. He was, however, stricken by a grievous illness and passed away within months of taking the chair. The Honourable Leo Housakos was then named as Speaker, and served in that role for the rest of the Parliament. -
Core 1..146 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 8.00)
CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 140 Ï NUMBER 098 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 38th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Friday, May 13, 2005 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire´´ at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 5957 HOUSE OF COMMONS Friday, May 13, 2005 The House met at 10 a.m. Parliament on February 23, 2005, and Bill C-48, an act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments, shall be disposed of as follows: 1. Any division thereon requested before the expiry of the time for consideration of Government Orders on Thursday, May 19, 2005, shall be deferred to that time; Prayers 2. At the expiry of the time for consideration of Government Orders on Thursday, May 19, 2005, all questions necessary for the disposal of the second reading stage of (1) Bill C-43 and (2) Bill C-48 shall be put and decided forthwith and successively, Ï (1000) without further debate, amendment or deferral. [English] Ï (1010) MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE The Speaker: Does the hon. government House leader have the The Speaker: I have the honour to inform the House that a unanimous consent of the House for this motion? message has been received from the Senate informing this House Some hon. members: Agreed. that the Senate has passed certain bills, to which the concurrence of this House is desired. Some hon. members: No. Mr. Jay Hill (Prince George—Peace River, CPC): Mr. -
Wednesday, May 1, 1996
CANADA 2nd SESSION 35th PARLIAMENT VOLUME 135 NUMBER 13 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Wednesday, May 1, 1996 THE HONOURABLE GILDAS L. MOLGAT SPEAKER This issue contains the latest listing of Officers of the Senate, the Ministry and Senators. CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue.) Debates: Victoria Building, Room 407, Tel. 996-0397 Published by the Senate Available from Canada Communication Group — Publishing, Public Works and Government Services Canada, Ottawa K1A 0S9, at $1.75 per copy or $158 per year. Also available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 257 THE SENATE Wednesday, May 1, 1996 The Senate met at 2:00 p.m., the Speaker in the Chair. Someone once asked what Mr. du Plessis’ favourite day of the year was, and he responded, Boxing Day, because on that day he Prayers. could put his feet up, sit back and reflect on all that has gone on in the past year. Now, Mr. du Plessis, you may put your feet up every day and reflect not only on one year but on 20 remarkable SENATORS’ STATEMENTS years of a distinguished career in the Senate of Canada. We will miss not just your wisdom but your friendship and RAYMOND L. DU PLESSIS, Q.C. your wonderful sense of humour. We wish you well in all your future activities, be they badminton, tennis or dancing. We know TRIBUTES ON RETIREMENT AS LAW CLERK that your family will be delighted as well to be able to claim AND PARLIAMENTARY COUNSEL more of your time, your attention and your very good spirits. -
Parliament of Canada / Parlement Du Canada
PARLIAMENT OF CANADA / PARLEMENT DU CANADA The Dominion of Canada was created under the provisions of an Act of the Imperial Parliament (30 Victoria, Chapter III) passed in 1867, and formally cited as The British North America Act, 1867. This Act received Royal Assent, March 29th, 1867, and came into effect by virtue of Royal Proclamation, July 1st, 1867. The Constitution Act, 1867, provides: “There shall be one Parliament for Canada, consisting of the Queen, an Upper House styled the Senate, and the House of Commons.” (Clause 17) “There shall be a Session of the Parliament of Canada once at least in every year, so that twelve months shall not intervene between the last Sitting of the Parliament in one Session and its first Sitting in the next Session.” (Section 20) “Every House of Commons shall continue for five years from the Day of the Return of the Writs for choosing the House (subject to be sooner dissolved by the Governor General), and no longer.” (Section 50) “The Governor-General shall, from time to time, in the Queen's name, by instrument under the Great Seal of Canada, summon and call together the House of Commons.” (Section 38) “Either the English or the French language may be used by any person in the Debates of the House of the Parliament of Canada and of the House of the Legislation of Quebec, and both these languages are used in the respective records and Journals of those Houses; and either of those languages may be used by any person or in any Pleading or Process or in issuing from any Court of Canada established under the Constitution Act and in or from all or any of the Courts of Quebec.” (Section 133) “91. -
Wednesday, April 24, 1996
CANADA VOLUME 134 S NUMBER 032 S 2nd SESSION S 35th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Wednesday, April 24, 1996 Speaker: The Honourable Gilbert Parent CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) The House of Commons Debates are also available on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1883 HOUSE OF COMMONS Wednesday, April 24, 1996 The House met at 2 p.m. [English] _______________ LIBERAL PARTY OF CANADA Prayers Mr. Ken Epp (Elk Island, Ref.): Mr. Speaker, voters need accurate information to make wise decisions at election time. With _______________ one vote they are asked to choose their member of Parliament, select the government for the term, indirectly choose the Prime The Speaker: As is our practice on Wednesdays, we will now Minister and give their approval to a complete all or nothing list of sing O Canada, which will be led by the hon. member for agenda items. Vancouver East. During an election campaign it is not acceptable to say that the [Editor’s Note: Whereupon members sang the national anthem.] GST will be axed with pledges to resign if it is not, to write in small print that it will be harmonized, but to keep it and hide it once the _____________________________________________ election has been won. It is not acceptable to promise more free votes if all this means is that the status quo of free votes on private members’ bills will be maintained. It is not acceptable to say that STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS MPs will be given more authority to represent their constituents if it means nothing and that MPs will still be whipped into submis- [English] sion by threats and actions of expulsion. -
Debates of the Senate
CANADA Debates of the Senate 1st SESSION . 39th PARLIAMENT . VOLUME 143 . NUMBER 107 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Wednesday, June 13, 2007 ^ THE HONOURABLE NOËL A. KINSELLA SPEAKER CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue). Debates and Publications: Chambers Building, Room 943, Tel. 996-0193 Published by the Senate Available from PWGSC ± Publishing and Depository Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S5. Also available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 2649 THE SENATE Wednesday, June 13, 2007 The Senate met at 1:30 p.m., the Speaker in the chair. colleagues through his charm — I concur with that — intelligence and impeccable civility. As a member and then Chair of the Prayers. Standing Senate Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources and the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Senator Hays was described by the SENATORS' STATEMENTS Financial Post as an ``energy and agricultural thinker of the first order.'' TRIBUTES [Translation] THE HONOURABLE DANIEL HAYS, P.C. His talents were not limited to these areas, however. This is Hon. Gerald J. Comeau (Deputy Leader of the Government): amply and eloquently evidenced by the numerous milestones in Honourable senators, I do not wish to take the position of the his career. Successively Deputy Leader of the Government, Honourable Leader of the Government in the Senate at this point, Speaker of Senate and Leader of the Opposition, Dan Hays has but today we will be saying ``au revoir'' to our colleague and my discharged his onerous responsibilities with the talent and wisdom good friend, Senator Hays. I have discussed this with the other of a great parliamentarian well-versed in the traditions and side and, because of Senator Hays' longstanding tenure with the procedures of this house and with the dignity and aplomb of a Senate, the fact that he is highly respected on all sides of this seasoned diplomat. -
Smoke and Mirrors: the Self-Examination of Canadian
SMOKE AND MIRRORS: THE SELF- EXAMINATION OF CANADIAN MARIJUANA POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF DECRIMINALIZATION IN THE NETHERLANDS Kurt V. Laker* INTRODUCTION Drug policy reform is almost a non-issue in American government.' The only politically viable stance is a hardline position against all illegal drugs with harsh penalties for offenders. Congress has attempted to stifle research into alternative drug policies by introducing House Bill 135.3 This only illuminates the boldness of the Canadian Senate,4 which released a report in September of 2002 recommending that the federal government legalize marijuana for use by Canadian citizens ages sixteen and over.5 This recommendation may or may not turn into actual policy. Nevertheless, it is a major step toward a policy change, and just as shocking, it is a strong indicator of a shift in 6 public opinion on marijuana policy. * J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law-Indianapolis; expected graduation date, May 2004. Many thanks go to my fianced, Megan, for tolerating my absence during the writing process and to The Simpsons for keeping me laughing and sane. Thanks also go to the good people who created Folger's French Vanilla coffee, which kept me alert for far longer than a human being should be in a 24-hour period. 1. See Ed Leuw, Introduction BETWEEN PROHIBITION AND LEGALIZATION: THE DUTCH EXPERIMENT IN DRUG POLICY xiii (Ed Leuw & I. Haen Marshall eds., 1996). Strong stances against drugs "boost politicians' popularity by providing them with uncontroversial and gratuitous rallying themes and election platforms." Id. at xvi. 2. See id. -
BCCLA News July 2004 9
the democratic JULY 2004 / VOLUME 38 NUMBER 2 JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION The BCCLA acknowledges the generous support of the Law Foundation of BC INSIDE 3 STUDENTS’ RIGHTS Drug Dogs in Abbortsford Schools SUPREME COURT OF CANADA PHOTO / PHILIPPE LANDREVILLE INC. BCCLA POSITION PAPER 4 CASE UPDATES • Arar Inquiry Judicial Appointments to • Same-Sex Marriage • Strip Searches the Supreme Court of Canada • Panhandling The following is an excerpt from the BCCLA’s new position on Supreme Court of Canada appointments. The complete text can be found at www.bccla.org/positions/dueprocess/04judicial appointments.htm. 6 BCCLA MARIJUANA CONFERENCE Justices Arbour and Iacobucci recently announced that they are retiring from the Supreme Court of Canada, positions that must be filled by summer 2004 for the Court to address its busy fall 13 MUSLIM COMMUNITY schedule. This news, coupled with Prime Minister Martin’s promise to reform the appointment BCCLA Launches process as part of his efforts to address the “democratic deficit,” and Conservative Party leader Outreach Project Stephen Harper’s past criticisms of the Court and court appointments generally, suggests that reform is coming to the appointment process, whether one supports reform or not. 15 TIME FOR LIBERTY This paper suggests that there are sound ant to this constitutional authority, the federal CAMPAIGN and compelling reasons of principle to sup- government has promulgated the Supreme Your Pledges, port reform but that those same principles Court Act. Under section 4(2) of this legisla- Our Thanks also indicate that some types of reforms are tion, judges are appointed by the Governor in acceptable while others are not. -
Parliamentary Treasures Trésors
A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada of Senate the of Archives the Inside Glimpse A PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES PARLIAMENTARY PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES | TRÉSORS PARLEMENTAIRES TRÉSORS PARLEMENTAIRES Regard sur les Archives du Sénat du Canada PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada Cataloguing in Publication: Y9-19/2014 ISBN: 978-1-100-54780-0 © Senate of Canada 2014 All rights reserved. All copyrights in the illustrations are held by the Senate of Canada unless otherwise indicated. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Standing Committee on Internal Economy, Budgets and Administration, Senate of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0A4. PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS Letters of Welcome 1 From the Speaker of the Senate 3 From the Clerk of the Senate and Clerk of the Parliaments Introduction History of Canada 14 The Birth of Confederation 18 The Birth of New Regions 21 The First Years 24 The World Wars and the Great Depression 28 The Modern World Transportation 37 Transport by Land: The Era of Railways 39 Transport by Water: From Canoes to Ships 41 Transport by Air: The Age of Aircraft Canadian Society 46 Official Languages 47 Acadians 47 Women 50 Aboriginal Peoples 51 Human Rights 52 Marriage and Divorce 53 Multiculturalism 56 The Arts 58 -
Debates, September 16, 2003
CANADA Debates of the Senate 2nd SESSION . 37th PARLIAMENT . VOLUME 140 . NUMBER 73 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, September 16, 2003 ^ THE HONOURABLE LUCIE PEÂ PIN SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE This issue contains the latest listing of Senators, Officers of the Senate, the Ministry, and Senators serving on Standing, Special and Joint Committees. CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue). Debates and Publications: Chambers Building, Room 943, Tel. 996-0193 Published by the Senate Available from Communication Canada ± Canadian Government Publishing, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S9. Also available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1800 THE SENATE Tuesday, September 16, 2003 The Senate met at 2 p.m., the Speaker pro tempore in the Chair. (1430) Prayers. Hon. Sharon Carstairs (Leader of the Government): Honourable senators, it is a great privilege to welcome four new senators to our chamber this afternoon: the Honourable Percy Downe, the VISITOR IN THE GALLERY Honourable Paul J. Massicotte, the Honourable Madeleine Plamondon and the Honourable Marilyn Trenholme Counsell. The Hon. the Speaker pro tempore: I wish to draw the attention of honourable senators to the presence in the gallery of Dr. Wolfgang BoÈ hmer, President of the Bundesrat of the Senator Percy Downe is well known to all of us who serve on Federal Republic of Germany. this side of the chamber and some of us who have moved across the aisle because we have run out of room. He has served a premier in this country, our very own Senator Catherine On behalf of all senators, I welcome you to the Senate of Callbeck, three federal ministers and our Prime Minister. -
Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy
Sénat Senate CANADA CANNABIS: OUR POSITION FOR A CANADIAN PUBLIC POLICY REPORT OF THE SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ILLEGAL DRUGS SUMMARY REPORT CHAIR DEPUTY CHAIR PIERRE CLAUDE NOLIN COLIN KENNY SEPTEMBER 2002 SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ILLEGAL DRUGS CANNABIS : SUMMARY REPORT COMMITTEE MEMBERS SENATORS Senator Tommy BANKS Senator Sharon CARSTAIRS, P.C. (ex officio) Senator Colin KENNY, Deputy Chair Senator Noel A. KINSELLA (ex officio) Senator John LYNCH-STAUNTON (ex officio) Senator Shirley MAHEU Senator Pierre Claude NOLIN, Chair Senator Fernand ROBICHAUD, P.C. (ex officio) Senator Eileen ROSSITER STAFF Clerk: Blair Armitage Assistant Clerk: Daniel Charbonneau Assistant Clerk: Adam Thompson Director of Research: Daniel Sansfaçon Research assistants : Gérald Lafrenière Chantal Collin François Dubois Barbara Wheelock Communication Advisors : Jean-Guy Desgagné David Newman Diane Boucher Administrative Assistants: Nicole Bouchard Martine DeLaunière Brigitte Martineau Krista Durrell - 1 - SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ILLEGAL DRUGS CANNABIS : SUMMARY REPORT GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS Abuse Vague term with a variety of meanings depending on the social, medical and legal contexts. Some equate any use of illicit drugs to abuse: for example, the international conventions consider that any use of drugs other than for medical or scientific purposes is abuse. The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association defines abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as defined by one or more of four criteria (see Chapter 7). In the Report, we prefer the term excessive use (or harmful use). Acute effects Refers to effects resulting from the administration of any drug and specifically to its short term effects.