DOCSLIB.ORG

A Discussion Paper on Preventing Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Discussion Paper on Preventing Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention A Discussion Paper on Preventing Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems September 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Prevention • • Center for Substance Abuse Prevention • . .. ~PreventionW()'RKS! , - • ~ < !~3' :;:~~~'tt~~ztr(f;..-: 1L'~~:t,'~ .•;rf ';:1fr~"':'~~1{~t~~ .~ • A Discussion Paper on Preventing Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems • • 148094 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been repro juced exactly as received from the • p~rson or organization originatin(J it. Points of view or opinions stated In this do.c~ment a~e those of t.he authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this q j jhll material has been granted by Pllblic Domain/u.s Dept. of Health and Human Services • to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the ~ owner. • September 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Prevention • J • This Discussion Paper was prepared pursuant to a Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) contract with • Social & Health Services Ltd. The opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of CSAP, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. All material in this paper is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from CSAP or • the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Acknowledgments Judith E. Funkhouser and Robert W. Denniston of CSAP directed the development of this paper. Appreciation also is extended to more than 100 people who provided critical technical and editorial review, including William • Butinsky of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors; Michael Stoil of the Washington Area Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse; Joseph Gfroerer of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Nancy Kennedy, Rosalyn Bass, Steve Gardner, Darie Davis, and Cathy Nugent of CSAP; and Nancy Klein, Darcy Otis, Peggy Williams, and George Marcelle of Social & Health Services Ltd. Cathy Crowley and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Infonnation (NCADI) staff were invaluable in providing • research assistance. About the Authors Lewis D. Eigen, Ed.D., is a fonner Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at Temple University and has lectured at dozens of other colleges and universities throughout the country. He fonnerly served as the Project Director of the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Infonnation, the Federal Government's leading • infonnation and public education resource for demand reduction and prevention. He currently serves as the Presi­ dent and Chief Executive Officer of Social & Health Services Ltd. He has had management responsibilities for the National School Resource Network, National Drug Abuse Education Center, and the National Center for Alcohol Education. David W. Rowden, Ph.D., is a medical sociologist with 18 years of experience in health promotion, health educa­ • tion, and research. Currently the Project Director of NCADI, he received his advanced training in medical schools. He served on the graduate and medical faculties of the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. Among his graduate faculty duties were teaching courses in the scientific method, philosophy of science, research design, and biostatistics. He also received additional training through the Center for Educational Development in Health while in residence as a fellow in the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. He has held management positions with the National High Blood Pressure Education Program and National Center for • Alcohol Education and with projects funded by the Rehabilitation Services Administration and the Health Resources and Services Administration. Slides A set of slides illustrating many of the points in this paper has been prepared. For availability of these slides or • additional copies of this document contact CSAP's: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information P.O. Box 2345 Rockville, MD 20847 1-800-729-6686 • TDD 1-800-487-4889 In addition, the appendix contains full-size graphics with which the user may make overhead transparencies. • • From the Acting Director of CSAP. It .. Prevention efforts are largely responsible for a downward trend in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs over the last decade. However, these efforts need to be sustained, as well as • substantially strengthened if we are to continue to make prevention work better for everyone. As you will see from this Discussion Paper, prevention and treatment efforts have made major gains in reversing the trend toward more and more alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. The numbers are impressive: Nearly 25 million young adults are not using drugs who might have • been if demand reduction efforts had not reached them. Prevention has been especially effective for adolescents. In 1979, 18 percent of all 12- to 17-year­ olds used illicit drugs and by 1991, only 7 percent were using illicit drugs. This decrease represents more than 2.5 million adolescents who would have been using illicit drugs if the 1979 level of drug • use had continued. The decline holds true for alcohol use among adolescents as well-alcohol use among adolescents dropped from 37 percent in 1979 to under 20 percent in 1991. This news is encouraging. However, there are three major reasons not to become complacent. First, there are always new young people coming into each age group; for example new elemen­ • tary age youth who will be pressured to use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs at even these very early ages. There could be a rapid reverse in previous prevention gains without continued and sustained efforts to persuade youth to "Be Smart!" Don't Start"; to teach them resistance, social, and other skills; and to provide community support and policies for their non-use choices. • Second, for those who are choosing at an early age to engage in the high-risk behavior of alco­ hol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use, more intensive efforts are required to persuade them that they can make healthier and safer choices for themselves and those around them. They need to know that ATOD use is closely linked to juvenile delinquency, school failure, mY/AIDS transmission, violence, injury, and death. Teens who are making such unhealthy and unsafe • choices, the future employees of American business, jeopardize our future abilities to compete in the global marketplace. And third, we know that some audiences are at less risk than others. These are people who live in communities that have comprehensive prevention programs and norms and practices sanction­ ing non-use of substances by youth; that discourage abuse; and provide treatment for those who • are dependent. As successful as prevention has become, there are still many people who have not yet benefitted from these messages. For instance: • .. There are still over 4 million youngsters who drink illegally. .. There are more than 1.3 million adolescents, 4 million young adults, and 7 million older adults who use illicit drugs. • , Alcohol-related traffic fatalities and Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD)-related violence are still the leading causes of death for America's teenagers. • .1 Therefore, to reach an even larger audience, we must redouble our prevention efforts. For the elementary-age students just beginning to be able to comprehend and integrate no-use mes­ sages and resistance skills, we must provide comprehensive prevention efforts. For the rebel­ lious, high sensation-seeking teenager, we must increase our ability to offer healthy and safe • alternatives to chemicals. And, in our neighborhoods we must enlist families, as well as the business community in helping provide prevention opportunities for all. This is just the begin­ ning of many prevention strategies that can be implemented and sustained through community partnerships, where everyone gets involved with and is committed to preventing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems. • Our theme for the 1990's and into the new century must be: Let's Make Prevention Work for Everyone! Vivian L. Smith, M.S.W. • Acting Director Center for Substance Abuse Prevention • • • • • • • • Contents Introduction • What Is Prevention? .......................................................... 9 What Are Prevention Strategies? ................................................ 10 • What Are the Benefits of Prevention? ............................................ 13 Analysis DrugUse .................................................................. 20 • Who Are Prevention Beneficiaries? .............................................. 21 Other Indicators of Success .................................................... 29 • Corroborating Data . .. 35 Discussion Are Prevention Gains Just the Result of Natural Cycles? ............................. 37 • Could the Decade's Prevention Gains Be the Result ofInterdiction? ...................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Smoking Cessation Treatment at Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Programs
    SMOKING CEssATION TREATMENT AT SUBSTANCE ABUSE REHABILITATION PROGRAMS Malcolm S. Reid, PhD, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry; Jeff Sel- zer, MD, North Shore Long Island Jewish Healthcare System; John Rotrosen, MD, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Cigarette smoking is common among persons with drug and alcohol n Nicotine is a highly use disorders, with prevalence rates of 80-90% among patients in sub- addictive substance stance use disorder treatment programs. Such concurrent smoking may that meets all of produce adverse behavioral and medical problems, and is associated the criteria for drug with greater levels of substance use disorder. dependence. CBehavioral studies indicate that the act of cigarette smoking serves as a cue for drug and alcohol craving, and the active ingredient of cigarettes, nicotine, serves as a primer for drug and alcohol abuse (Sees and Clarke, 1993; Reid et al., 1998). More critically, longitudinal studies have found tobacco use to be the number one cause of preventable death in the United States, and also the single highest contributor to mortality in patients treated for alcoholism (Hurt et al., 1996). Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that meets all of the criteria for drug dependence, and cigarette smoking is an especially effective method for the delivery of nicotine, producing peak brain levels within 15-20 seconds. This rapid drug delivery is one of a number of common properties that cigarette smok- ing shares with hazardous drug and alcohol use, such as the ability to activate the dopamine system in the reward circuitry of the brain.
    [Show full text]
  • EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND Synthetic Stimulants Marketed As Bath Salts
    LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE EPIC Tactical Intelligence Bulletins EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN EB11-16 ● Synthetic Stimulants Marketed as Bath Salts ● March 8, 2011 This document is the property of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and is marked Law Enforcement Sensitive (LES). Further dissemination of this document is strictly forbidden except to other law enforcement agencies for criminal law enforcement purposes. The following information must be handled and protected accordingly. Summary Across the United States, synthetic stimulants that are sold as “bath salts”¹ have become a serious drug abuse threat. These products are produced under a variety of faux brand names, and they are indirectly marketed as legal alternatives to cocaine, amphetamine, and Ecstasy (MDMA or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Poison control centers nationwide have received hundreds of calls related to the side-effects of, and overdoses from, the use of these potent and unpredictable products. Numerous media reports have cited bath salt stimulant overdose incidents that have resulted in emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and severe psychotic episodes, some of which, have led to violent outbursts, self-inflicted wounds, and even suicides. A number of states have imposed emergency measures to ban bath salt stimulant products (or the chemicals in them) including Florida, Louisiana, North Dakota, and West Virginia; and similar measures are pending in Hawaii, Kentucky, Michigan, and Mississippi. A prominent U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nursing Implications of Bath Salts Abuse: a Learning Tool and Curriculum for Emergency
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2014 The ursinn g implications of bath salts abuse: A learning tool and curriculum for emergency department nurses Molly Ann Brennan James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Recommended Citation Brennan, Molly Ann, "The urn sing implications of bath salts abuse: A learning tool and curriculum for emergency department nurses" (2014). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 390. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/390 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Nursing Implications of Bath Salts Abuse: A Learning Tool and Curriculum for Emergency Department Nurses _______________________ A Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Health and Behavioral Studies James Madison University _______________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing _______________________ by Molly Ann Brennan May, 2014 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of Nursing, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Annie Horigan, Ph.D.,
    [Show full text]
  • Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence
    Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence Mechanisms and Treatment David J. Drobes, Ph.D. People who drink alcohol often also smoke and vice versa. Several mechanisms may contribute to concurrent alcohol and tobacco use. These mechanisms include genes that are involved in regulating certain brain chemical systems; neurobiological mechanisms, such as cross-tolerance and cross-sensitization to both drugs; conditioning mechanisms, in which cravings for alcohol or nicotine are elicited by certain environmental cues; and psychosocial factors (e.g., personality characteristics and coexisting psychiatric disorders). Treatment outcomes for patients addicted to both alcohol and nicotine are generally worse than for people addicted to only one drug, and many treatment providers do not promote smoking cessation during alcoholism treatment. Recent findings suggest, however, that concurrent treatment for both addictions may improve treatment outcomes. KEY WORDS: comorbidity; AODD (alcohol and other drug dependence); alcoholic beverage; tobacco in any form; nicotine; smoking; genetic linkage; cross-tolerance; AOD (alcohol and other drug) sensitivity; neurotransmitters; brain reward pathway; cue reactivity; social AODU (AOD use); cessation of AODU; treatment outcome; combined modality therapy; literature review lcohol consumption and tobacco ers who are dependent on nicotine Department of Health and Human use are closely linked behaviors. have a 2.7 times greater risk of becoming Services 1989). The concurrent use of A Thus, not only are people who alcohol dependent than nonsmokers both drugs by pregnant women can drink alcohol more likely to smoke (and (e.g., Breslau 1995). Finally, although also result in more severe prenatal dam- vice versa) but also people who drink the smoking rate in the general popula­ age and neurocognitive deficits in their larger amounts of alcohol tend to smoke tion has gradually declined over the offspring than use of either drug alone more cigarettes.
    [Show full text]
  • Substance Abuse: the Pharmacy Educator’S Role in Prevention and Recovery
    Substance Abuse: The Pharmacy Educator’s Role in Prevention and Recovery Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy: Substance Abuse and Addictive Disease i Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy: Substance Abuse and Addictive Disease1,2 BACKGROUND OF THE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT In 1988, the AACP Special Interest Group (SIG) on Pharmacy Student and Faculty Impairment (renamed Substance Abuse Education and Assistance) undertook the development of curricular guidelines for colleges/schools of pharmacy to facilitate the growth of educational opportunities for student pharmacists. These Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy Education: Substance Abuse and Addictive Disease were published in 1991 (AJPE. 55:311-16. Winter 1991.) One of the charges of the Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education was to review and revise the 1991 curricular guidelines. Overall, the didactic and experiential components in the suggested curriculum should prepare the student pharmacist to competently problem-solve issues concerning alcohol and other drug abuse and addictive diseases affecting patients, families, colleagues, themselves, and society. The guidelines provide ten educational goals, while describing four major content areas including: psychosocial aspects of alcohol and other drug use; pharmacology and toxicology of abused substances; identification, intervention, and treatment of people with addictive diseases; and legal/ethical issues. The required curriculum suggested by these guidelines addresses the 1 These guidelines were revised by the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education. Members drafting the revised guidelines were Edward M. DeSimone (Creighton University), Julie C. Kissack (Harding University), David M. Scott (North Dakota State University), and Brandon J. Patterson (University of Iowa). Other Committee members were Paul W. Jungnickel, Chair (Auburn University), Lisa A.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156563-9
    GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ALCOHOL AND HEALTH REPORT GLOBAL STATUS Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156563-9 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specic organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris.
    [Show full text]
  • Barriers and Solutions to Addressing Tobacco Dependence in Addiction Treatment Programs
    Barriers and Solutions to Addressing Tobacco Dependence in Addiction Treatment Programs Douglas M. Ziedonis, M.D., M.P.H.; Joseph Guydish, Ph.D., M.P.H.; Jill Williams, M.D.; Marc Steinberg, Ph.D.; and Jonathan Foulds, Ph.D. Despite the high prevalence of tobacco use among people with substance use disorders, tobacco dependence is often overlooked in addiction treatment programs. Several studies and a meta-analytic review have concluded that patients who receive tobacco dependence treatment during addiction treatment have better overall substance abuse treatment outcomes compared with those who do not. Barriers that contribute to the lack of attention given to this important problem include staff attitudes about and use of tobacco, lack of adequate staff training to address tobacco use, unfounded fears among treatment staff and administration regarding tobacco policies, and limited tobacco dependence treatment resources. Specific clinical-, program-, and system-level changes are recommended to fully address the problem of tobacco use among alcohol and other drug abuse patients. KEY WORDS: Alcohol and tobacco; alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use, abuse, dependence; addiction care; tobacco dependence; smoking; secondhand smoke; nicotine; nicotine replacement; tobacco dependence screening; tobacco dependence treatment; treatment facility-based prevention; co-treatment; treatment issues; treatment barriers; treatment provider characteristics; treatment staff; staff training; AODD counselor; client counselor interaction; smoking cessation; Tobacco Dependence Program at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey obacco dependence is one of to the other. The common genetic vul­ stance use was considered a potential the most common substance use nerability may be located on chromo­ trigger for the primary addiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol and Health
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Alcohol and Health: Current Evidence ALCOHOL AND HEALTH MARCH-APRIL 2005 OUTCOMES Does Alcohol Consumption Increase the Risk of Ischemic ALCOHOL AND HEALTH OUTCOMES Stroke?, 1 Alcohol May Increase Oral Mu- Does Alcohol Consumption Increase the Risk of Ischemic Stroke? cosal Transmission of HIV, 1 Prior studies of the association between alco- beverage types did not significantly Alcohol Intake, Survival, and hol consumption and ischemic stroke have affect risk. Quality of Life, 2 produced inconsistent results and have limita- • The risk of ischemic stroke was low- tions. To address these issues, researchers est, though not statistically significant, Does Alcohol Consumption assessed alcohol intake and prevalence of inci- in people who consumed 1–2 drinks Decrease the Risk of Coronary dent ischemic stroke (412 cases identified) in on 3–4 days each week (RR 0.7 com- Artery Calcification?, 2 38,156 male health professionals, aged 40–75 pared with those who abstained). years, over a 14-year period. Comments: Although this study reported • In analyses adjusted for potential con- some benefit from red wine use, its clearest founders, the risk of ischemic stroke finding was the increase in risk of ischemic INTERVENTIONS among drinkers versus that of nondrinkers stroke with increasing alcohol consumption, increased as alcohol consumption in- starting at 1–2 drinks per day. The com- Disulfiram or Naltrexone for creased (relative risk [RR] 1.0 for <1 drink plexities associated with beverage type and Alcohol Dependence?, 3 per day, RR 1.3 for 1–2 drinks per day, pattern of use, as indicated in these findings, and RR 1.4 for >2 drinks per day, P=0.01 highlight the challenge in making recom- Talking About Alcohol in Pri- for trend).
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 1, Issue 1
    Methamphetamine Topical Brief Series: Vol. 1, Issue 1 What is countries involved in World War II provided amphetamine to soldiers Methamphetamine? for performance enhancement and the drug was used by “actors, artists, Methamphetamine is an addictive, athletes, politicians, and the public stimulant drug that affects the alike.”5 central nervous system. It is typically used in powder or pill form and can By the 1960s, media coverage be ingested orally, snorted, smoked, began drawing simplistic, negative or injected. Methamphetamine is connections between amphetamine known as meth, blue, ice, speed, and and crime, and government officials 1 crystal among other names. The term discussed public safety and drugs amphetamine has been used broadly as a social concern.6 Over-the- to refer to a group of chemicals that counter amphetamines were have similar, stimulating properties available until 1959,7 and by 1970 and methamphetamine is included in all amphetamines were added to 2 this group. According to the National the controlled substances list as Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Schedule II drugs. Schedule II drugs “Methamphetamine differs from required a new prescription with amphetamine in that, at comparable each fill and strict documentation doses, much greater amounts of the by doctors and pharmacists.8 drug get into the brain, making it a The reduction in a legal supply 3 more potent stimulant.” of amphetamine led to increased black-market production and sale From the 1930s to the 1960s, of various types of amphetamine U.S. pharmaceutical
    [Show full text]
  • Polydrug Use Factsheet
    WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MIXING DRUGS WHAT IS POLYDRUG USE? Polydrug use is the mixing of different drugs, or taking one drug while under the influence (or experiencing the after-effects) of another drug. Polydrug use can include alcohol, prescribed medications and/or illegal drugs. Combining drugs carries extra risks and can be extremely dangerous. The more drugs a person takes (or is affected by) at a time, the more chance there is of something going wrong. WHY DO PEOPLE MIX DRUGS? There are several reasons people mix drugs, for example: • In an attempt to increase the effect of another drug or to ‘bring on’ its desired effects. For example, sometimes people smoke cigarettes to enhance their experience on ecstasy, or drink alcohol when they’re also under the influence of cocaine • In an attempt to reduce the negative effects of a drug, usually when ‘coming down’ from that drug. For instance, some people use cannabis or take a sleeping pill after they have used ecstasy • To substitute for the drug they were really looking for, ‘the next best thing’ • It seemed like a ‘good idea at the time’. Sometimes people will mix drugs when they are already intoxicated, aren’t thinking straight or if people around them are mixing drugs Sometimes people who are trying to cut down their use of one drug find that they start to use more of another drug to help manage withdrawal symptoms (the unpleasant effects that occur when stopping drug use). For example, someone trying to stop using methamphetamine or cannabis might start to drink more alcohol to try and relax or sleep if they are feeling anxious, stressed or are unable to sleep.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple and Simultaneous Tobacco Use and Other Risk Behaviors Among High School Students 2015 Vermont Youth Risk Behavior Survey
    Multiple and Simultaneous Tobacco Use and Other Risk Behaviors Among High School Students 2015 Vermont Youth Risk Behavior Survey Background Simultaneous use of multiple tobacco products is associated with risk factors that include and extend beyond what is typically considered with tobacco use1. While youth cigarette use has fallen consistently the last several decades2, adolescence remains the time at which tobacco use is started and established. Nearly nine in ten smokers start smoking by age 183. Furthermore, simultaneous use of multiple products is common among youth and increases the likelihood of addiction and continuation of smoking into adulthood4. In 2015, the Vermont high school youth risk behavior survey (YRBS) asked students about tobacco use, including use of cigarettes, cigar products, smokeless tobacco, and electronic vapor products. Number of Tobacco Products Used, Last 30 Days Poly Use High School Students, 2015 Overall, about one in ten (12%) high school students 77% used only one type of tobacco in the last month. One in twenty students reported current use of two forms of tobacco (dual use, 6%) and three or more 12% tobacco products (poly use, 5%). Three‐quarters of 6% 5% high school students did not use any tobacco during this time. Male high school students were No Use Single Dual Poly significantly more likely than females to currently use any type of tobacco (27% vs. 19%), and report dual (7% vs. 5%) or poly use (7% vs. 3%) (data not shown). Alcohol and Marijuana Use Alcohol and marijuana use differed by the number of tobacco products used. As the number of tobacco products used increased, so did the prevalence of alcohol and marijuana use.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolescent Drug Terminology and Trends: 2017-18 Edition
    Adolescent Drug Terminology and Trends: 2017-18 Edition Matthew Quinn, LCPC, CADC Community Relations Coordinator Vaping Term used to describe when a substance is heated to the point of releasing vapor but not combusted (lit on fire). • Increasing in popularity as a way to ingest nicotine and cannabis, often in an electronic device that looks like a pen • Usually relatively odorless and difficult to distinguish between nicotine and cannabis vape device Juul (pronounced jewel) Specific vaping product from Pax Labs similar to an e- cigarette used to ingest nicotine • Liquid contains nicotine salts extracted from the tobacco leaf (2x nicotine of previous e-cigs) • Variety of flavors • Cool mint • Mango • Crème brule Dabs Dabs is a highly concentrated butane hash oil (BHO) created in a process where high quality cannabis is blasted with butane and extracted. • Heated and inhaled • Contains 70-90% THC compared to 5-15% THC in regular cannabis • Wax, oil, shatter, crumble • Sauce, distillate Rig A rig is a device used to vaporize and inhale dabs. • Looks similar to a water pipe or bong • Usually a nail is heated with a hand- held torch to a high temperature and a small piece of the concentrate is ‘dabbed’ onto a nail • Vapor released is then inhaled through the pipe Edibles • Increasingly popular alternative to smoking marijuana • Produced to infuse marijuana into various ingestible forms • Problem is that effects are hard to predict and difficult to know dose Other Terms for Cannabis • Bud • Dank • Nug • Loud • Fire • Gas Bars (Ladders) Another name for the rectangular shaped Xanax (anti- anxiety medication) with three lines in them (typically 2mg per ‘bar’).
    [Show full text]