(Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera) Tại Vườn Quốc Gia Bidoup – Núi Bà

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(Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera) Tại Vườn Quốc Gia Bidoup – Núi Bà BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VIỆN HÀN LÂM KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ VIỆT NAM HỌC VIỆN KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ LÊ HẢI SƠN NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ SINH THÁI ĐẾN BIẾN ĐỘNG KHU HỆ BƯỚM NGÀY (LEPIDOPTERA : RHOPALOCERA) TẠI VƯỜN QUỐC GIA BIDOUP – NÚI BÀ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ SINH HỌC Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Năm 2018 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VIỆN HÀN LÂM KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ VIỆT NAM HỌC VIỆN KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ LÊ HẢI SƠN NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ SINH THÁI ĐẾN BIẾN ĐỘNG KHU HỆ BƯỚM NGÀY (LEPIDOPTERA : RHOPALOCERA) TẠI VƯỜN QUỐC GIA BIDOUP – NÚI BÀ Chuyên ngành: SINH THÁI HỌC Mã số: 9.42.01.20 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ SINH HỌC NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: 1. PGS.TS. Hoàng Đức Huy 2. PGS.TS. Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Năm 2018 i MỤC LỤC Nội dung Trang MỤC LỤC .................................................................................................................... i DANH LỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT.............................................................................. v DANH LỤC BẢNG BIỂU ......................................................................................... vi DANH LỤC HÌNH ẢNH .......................................................................................... vii TÓM TẮT .................................................................................................................. ix MỞ ĐẦU ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Tính cấp thiết của luận án .............................................................................. 1 2.1. Ý nghĩa khoa học .................................................................................... 2 2.2. Ý nghĩa thực tiễn ..................................................................................... 2 3. Mục đích và yêu cầu của luận án ................................................................... 2 3.1. Mục đích của luận án .............................................................................. 2 3.2. Yêu cầu của luận án ................................................................................ 2 4. Đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu ................................................................. 3 4.1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu ............................................................................. 3 4.2. Phạm vi nghiên cứu ................................................................................ 3 CHƯƠNG 1. TỔNG QUAN NGHIÊN CỨU ............................................................. 4 1.1. Tình hình nghiên cứu bướm trên thế giới và trong khu vực ......................... 4 1.1.1. Nghiên cứu đa dạng loài ......................................................................... 4 1.1.2. Nghiên cứu sinh học, sinh thái bướm ..................................................... 4 1.2. Tình hình nghiên cứu tại Việt Nam ............................................................... 8 1.2.1. Nghiên cứu đa dạng loài ......................................................................... 8 1.2.2. Nghiên cứu sinh học, sinh thái bướm ................................................... 11 1.3. Tình hình nghiên cứu bướm tại Bidoup ...................................................... 15 ii 1.4. Địa điểm nghiên cứu .................................................................................... 16 1.4.1. Vị trí địa lý ............................................................................................ 16 1.4.2. Lịch sử phát triển và sự phân hóa điều kiện địa lý tự nhiên ................ 17 1.4.3. Đặc điểm địa hình ................................................................................. 18 1.4.4. Đặc điểm khí hậu .................................................................................. 21 1.4.5. Thảm thực vật rừng ............................................................................... 22 1.4.6. Đặc điểm thủy văn ................................................................................ 22 1.5. Nhận xét ....................................................................................................... 24 CHƯƠNG 2. VẬT LỆU VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU ............................. 26 2.1. Vật liệu nghiên cứu ...................................................................................... 26 2.1.1. Thời gian nghiên cứu ............................................................................ 26 2.1.2. Vật liệu nghiên cứu ............................................................................... 26 2.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu ............................................................................. 27 2.2.1. Phương pháp nghiên cứu sinh thái chung ............................................ 27 2.2.2. Xử lý số liệu .......................................................................................... 27 2.2.3. Thiết lập tuyến điều tra khảo sát .......................................................... 28 2.2.4. Nghiên cứu đa dạng thành phần loài và tần số bắt gặp ....................... 30 2.2.5. Nghiên cứu sinh học bướm ................................................................... 31 2.2.6. Nghiên cứu sinh thái bướm ................................................................... 32 2.2.7. Xử lý, bảo quản và định loại mẫu ......................................................... 34 CHƯƠNG 3. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN .................................. 36 3.1. Đa dạng thành phần loài bướm tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà ......................... 36 3.1.1. Đa dạng thành phần loài và độ thường gặp ......................................... 36 3.1.2. Các loài đặc trưng ................................................................................ 47 3.1.3. Ước lượng độ giàu loài Jackknife ......................................................... 51 iii 3.1.4. Chỉ số tương đồng Bray-Curtis ............................................................ 53 3.2. Nghiên cứu sinh thái bướm ......................................................................... 57 3.2.1. Biến động quần thể bướm theo sinh cảnh ............................................. 57 3.2.2. Biến động quần thể bướm theo lượng mưa và mùa trong năm ............ 60 3.2.3. Thời gian hoạt động trong ngày đến tập tính sinh thái bướm .............. 65 3.2.4. Độ ẩm môi trường đến biến động quần thể bướm ................................ 68 3.3. Dẫn liệu sinh học và mô tả chu trình đời sống một số loài bướm tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà .................................................................................................... 70 3.3.1. Họ Papilionidae .................................................................................... 70 3.3.2. Họ Pieridae ........................................................................................... 77 3.3.3. Họ Nymphalidae ................................................................................... 81 3.4. Đề xuất một số giải pháp bảo tồn bướm ở VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà ............. 93 3.4.1. Bảo vệ hệ thực vật rừng ........................................................................ 93 3.4.2. Ngăn chặn việc săn bắt các loài bướm.................................................. 94 3.4.3. Xây dựng vườn bướm để nhân nuôi và bảo tồn ................................... 94 KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ................................................................................... 98 1. Kết luận .............................................................................................................. 98 2. Kiến nghị............................................................................................................ 99 DANH MỤC CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH CỦA TÁC GIẢ .............................................. 100 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO ....................................................................................... 101 1. Tài liệu Tiếng Việt ........................................................................................... 101 2. Tài liệu tiếng Anh ............................................................................................ 107 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 112 PHỤ LỤC ..................................................................................................................... i Phụ lục 1. Thành phần loài theo sinh cảnh tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà và Mã Đà i iv Phụ lục 2. Danh lục hình mẫu tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà ................................. xii Phụ lục 3. Thành phần loài tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà qua các năm ...............xliv Phụ lục 4. Tần số bắt gặp (loài/giờ) tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà........................... li Phụ lục 5. Tần số bắt gặp (loài/giờ) tại Mã Đà .................................................... li Phụ lục 6. Số loài tích lũy tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà ....................................... liii Phụ lục 7. Số loài tích lũy tại Mã Đà ................................................................... lv Phụ lục 8. Tần số xuất hiện theo thời gian hoạt động trong ngày tại VQG Bidoup – Núi Bà lvi Phụ lục 9. Tần số xuất hiện loài theo các tháng trong năm 2014 - 2015 ........ lviii Phụ lục 10. Số cá thể xuất hiện/giờ theo các tháng ............................................ lx Phụ lục 11. Tần số xuất hiện loài và cá thể theo sinh cảnh ............................. lxii Phụ lục 12. Chỉ số tương đồng theo họ giữa các khu vực ................................ lxv v DANH LỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT B1,2,3… Ký hiệu các tuyến thu mẫu CITES Công ước về buôn bán Quốc Convention on International tế những loài động thực vật Trade
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