A Ortodoxia Judaica Chega À Televisão São Paulo 2017

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A Ortodoxia Judaica Chega À Televisão São Paulo 2017 1 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA LETRAS E CIENCIAS HUMANAS BRUNO JOSÉ SZLAK Shtisel: a ortodoxia judaica chega à televisão São Paulo 2017 2 BRUNO JOSÉ SZLAK Shtisel: a ortodoxia judaica chega à televisão Versão Corrigida Tese apresentada à Área de Língua Hebraica, Literatura e Cultura Judaicas, do Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Área de concentração: Língua Hebraica, Literatura e Cultura Judaicas. Orientadora Profª. Drª. Marta Topel De acordo São Paulo 2017 3 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. 4 Nome: SZLAK, Bruno José Título: Shtisel: a ortodoxia judaica chega à televisão Tese apresentada à Área de Língua Hebraica, Literatura e Cultura Judaicas, do Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. _________________________Instituição _____________________ Julgamento: _____________________Assinatura:__________________________ Prof. Dr. _________________________Instituição: ____________________ Julgamento: _____________________Assinatura:__________________________ Prof. Dr. _________________________Instituição: ____________________ Julgamento: _____________________Assinatura:__________________________ Prof. Dr. _________________________Instituição: ____________________ Julgamento: _____________________Assinatura:__________________________ 5 DEDICATÓRIA A minha mãe Halina Rittner Szlak z”l A minha esposa Joyce, companheira de longas jornadas e de muitas séries A meus filhos Daniel e Julie A todas as músicas e musas inspiradoras A minha orientadora Prof. Dra. Marta Topel por me colocar nos trilhos Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Menezes por produzir sentido 6 RESUMO SZLAK, B. J. Shtisel: a ortodoxia judaica chega à televisão. 2017. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. Este trabalho procura mostrar aspectos de dois fenômenos contemporâneos que se entrecruzam e que convergem em Israel: a disseminação e importância das séries televisivas e a visibilidade adquirida pela ortodoxia judaica na sociedade israelenses a partir dos anos 1990. Dessa maneira, a partir da análise de uma série produzida para a televisão israelense, Shtisel, busca-se compreender quais são os mecanismos que operam para que audiências das mais diversas, espalhadas pelo mundo, possam se identificar com um grupo tão específico como a ortodoxia judaica. No decorrer do trabalho, para que também se possa entender o fenômeno da visibilidade da ortodoxia nas telas, analisa-se a expansão de um cinema de comunidade, como aqueles produzidos por e para judeus ortodoxos. Palavras-chave: Ortodoxia Judaica. Séries de TV. Cinema Ortodoxo. 7 ABSTRACT SZLAK, B. J. Shtisel: jewish orthodoxy reaches television. 2017. Thesis (Doctorate) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. This work seeks to show aspects of two contemporary and interwoven phenomena: the dissemination and importance of television series and the visibility acquired by Jewish orthodoxy in Israeli society from the 1990s. Thus, from the analysis of a series produced for the Israeli television, Shtisel, the work seeks to understand what are the mechanisms that operate so that audiences of the most diverse, scattered around the world, can identify themselves with a group as specific as Jewish orthodoxy. In the course of the work, in order to understand this phenomenon of the visibility of orthodoxy on the screen, we analyze the expansion of a community cinema, such as those produced by and for Jewish Orthodoxy. Key words: Jewish Orthodoxy. TV Series. Orthodox Cinema. 8 Nu, nu, nu! Sholem Shtisel Yasher coach! Akiva Shtisel 9 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO...................................................................................... 11 1.1 Objetivos................................................................................................ 14 1.2 Metodologia........................................................................................... 16 1.3 Roteiro.................................................................................................... 16 2 A TELEVISÃO.................................................................................... 19 2.1 Séries televisivas............................................................................... 24 2.1.1 Produção das séries............................................................................ 32 2.1.2 Estética dos programas narrativamente complexos........................... 35 2.1.3 Fórmulas narrativas........................................................................... 37 2.1.4 Espaços públicos e privados – a divisão por gêneros...................... 40 2.1.5 Tipificando as séries............................................................................... 41 2.1.6 Séries evolutivas e ganchos.................................................................... 45 2.1.7 Universos ficcionais............................................................................... 47 2.1.8 Intimidade............................................................................................... 48 2.1.9 Personagens....................................................................................... 49 2.1.10 E para concluir o capítulo........................................................................ 51 3 CONSTRUÇÕES DA ORTODOXIA JUDAICA NAS TELAS................. 54 3.1 A TV Israelense ..................................................................................... 54 3.2 Construções e Estereótipos................................................................... 65 3.3 Os ortodoxos em Israel e sua relação com o Sionismo......................... 73 3.4 A construção da alteridade na tela israelense........................................ 86 3.4.1 A apresentação da ortodoxia judaica ao longo do tempo ..................... 88 4 SHTISEL............................................................................................. 110 4.1 A narrativa............................................................................................ 110 4.2 As personagens...................................................................................... 115 4.3 Tempo.................................................................................................... 145 4.4 Mecanismos de identificação................................................................. 148 4.4.1 Transgressão........................................................................................... 148 4.4.2 Exatidão................................................................................................. 150 4.4.3 Reflexividade......................................................................................... 151 10 5 SHTISEL E A SOCIEDADE ISRAELENSE................................... 153 5.1 A relação da ortodoxia com o sionismo em Shtisel.............................. 153 5.2 Conflitos e Identificações em Shtisel................................................... 156 5.3 A repercussão na imprensa israelense.................................................. 156 6 O FINANCIAMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO ORTODOXA........................... 161 6.1 Encorajando o estudo judaico.............................................................. 165 6.2 Promovendo a cultura judaica na mídia............................................... 168 6.3 A Avi Chai na imprensa....................................................................... 173 7 A NOVA INDUSTRIA DE CINEMA E SÉRIES ORTODOXAS ............. 178 7.1 Filmes Masculinos .................................................................................. 185 7.2 Filmes Femininos ................................................................................... 201 7.2.1 Emoções à venda ................................................................................. 202 7.2.2 As projeções ........................................................................................... 206 7.2.3 O fazer e ver feminino ortodoxo ............................................................. 209 7.2.4 A Lei Judaica e o cinema ortodoxo ........................................................ 210 8 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS............................................................. 213 9 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS............................................ 217 11 1. INTRODUÇÃO Em minha trajetória de vida algumas questões me inquietaram e ainda permanecem vivas como perguntas que ao longo dos anos podem mudar de forma, mas mudam muito pouco em termos de sua busca. Sou um judeu-brasileiro (ou um brasileiro- judeu?). A ordem dos fatores parece-me importante, mas ainda não sei como expressar a minha identidade hifenizada e esse aspecto emocional da minha identidade sempre me aproximou da cultura judaica e em especial da cultura e da sociedade israelenses. Através de manifestações como a literatura, a música e especialmente o cinema e a televisão, procuro manter essa relação acesa, buscando entender não apenas a mim mesmo mas, especialmente, em relação ao cinema e à televisão israelenses, entender quem são os atores sociais evolvidos no show business israelense ou em sua cultura midiática, como esses
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