Title Characteristics of Seismicity Distribution Along the Sunda Arc
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And S-Wave Velocity Structures and the in Uence Of
P- and S-wave Velocity Structures and the Inuence of Volcanic Activities in the East Java Area from Seismic Tomography Syawaldin Ridha Department of Physics, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia Sukir Maryanto ( [email protected] ) Universitas Brawijaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-6818 Agustya A. Martha Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Indonesia Vanisa Syahra Department of Physics, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia Muhajir Anshori Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Indonesia Pepen Supendi Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics Agency, Indonesia Sri Widiyantoro Bandung Institute of Technology: Institut Teknologi Bandung Research Letter Keywords: seismic tomography, East Java, Vp/Vs, Vp, Vs, partial melting Posted Date: May 6th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-438689/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/24 Abstract Indonesia is one of the most interesting targets for seismic tomographic studies due to its tectonic complexity. The subduction zone was formed when the Indian oceanic plate was subducted beneath the Eurasian continental plate. This activity caused the formation of volcanoes along the Sunda Arc, including the area of East Java. In this study, we aim to identify the inuence of volcanic activities which extends from the west to the east of East Java. We used the data of 1,383 earthquakes, recorded by the 22 stations of the Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) seismic network. We relocated the earthquakes and conducted a tomographic study using SIMULPS12. We then explored the anomalies of P- and S-wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratio. The low-velocity zone was observed in the volcanic area related to the partial melting zone or magma chamber with high Vp/Vs. -
Volcanic Eruption Impacts Student Worksheet
Volcanic Eruption Impacts Student Worksheet Explosive and Effusive Volcanoes The type of volcanic eruption is largely determined by magma composition. Flux-mediated melting at subduction zones creates a felsic magma with high levels of carbon dioxide and water. These dissolved gases explode during eruption. Effusive volcanoes have a hotter, more mafic magma with lower levels of dissolved gas, allowing them to erupt more calmly (effusive eruption). Sinabung (Indonesia) Mount Sinabung is a stratovolcano located 40 km from the Lake Toba supervolcano in North Sumatra. It lies along the Sunda Arc, where the Indo-Australian plate subducts beneath the Sunda and Burma plates. After 1200 years of dormancy, Sinabung began erupting intermittently in 2010. Major eruptions have occurred regularly since November 2013. In November and December 2015, ash plumes reached 6 – 11 km in height on multiple occasions. Pyroclastic flows and ashfall blanketed the region in January 2014 and lava flows travelled down the south flank, advancing 2.5 km by April 2014. Pyroclastic flows in February 2014 killed 17 people in a town 3 km from the vent. In June 2015, ash falls affected areas 10 – 15 km from the summit on many occasions. A lahar in May 2016, caused fatalities in a village 20 km from Sinabung. Pyroclastic flows occurred frequently throughout 2016 and 2017 Eruption of Sinabung 6 October 2016 Major eruptions occurred in 2018 and 2019. In (Y Ginsu, public domain) February 2018, an eruption destroyed a lava dome of 1.6 million cubic metres. At least 10 pyroclastic flows extended up to 4.9 km and an ash plume rose more than 16 km in altitude. -
Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall. -
Landslide Generated Tsunamis : Numerical Modeling
Sektion 2.5: Geodynamische Modellierung, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Landslide generated tsunamis - Numerical modeling and real-time prediction Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin Geophysik eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam vorgelegt von Sascha Brune Potsdam, den 29. Januar 2009 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License: Attribution - Noncommercial - Share Alike 3.0 Germany To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/deed.en Published online at the Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam: URL http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3298/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32986 [http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32986] Abstract Submarine landslides can generate local tsunamis posing a hazard to human lives and coastal facilities. Two major related problems are: (i) quantitative estimation of tsunami hazard and (ii) early detection of the most dangerous landslides. This thesis focuses on both those issues by providing numerical modeling of landslide- induced tsunamis and by suggesting and justifying a new method for fast detection of tsunamigenic landslides by means of tiltmeters. Due to the proximity to the Sunda subduction zone, Indonesian coasts are prone to earthquake, but also landslide tsunamis. The aim of the GITEWS-project (German- Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System) is to provide fast and reliable tsunami warnings, but also to deepen the knowledge about tsunami hazards. New bathymetric data at the Sunda Arc provide the opportunity to evaluate the hazard potential of landslide tsunamis for the adjacent Indonesian islands. -
SR 53(7) 28-29.Pdf
SHORT FEATURE NIKHILANAND PANIGRAHY Mt. Tambora Volcano with its caldera after eruption HE Sun is our default light option. But what happens when But the effect was not just limited to Indonesia. The Tit does not shine? destruction was spread far and wide. Even European countries In the year 1815, the repercussion of a very unusual event could not be spared of its evil consequences. The atmosphere in was felt worldwide for a fairly long period. The incident was the West was covered by the volcanic ash of Tambora, as a result a volcanic eruption in Mount Tambora. In Indonesia, there is of which the sun-rays could not reach the surface of the Earth. an island Sumbawa in its peninsula. This is a part of the Sunda Due to reduction of solar warmth, heavy snowfall and fatal frost islands that forms a segment of Sunda Arc. This is recognised as was found even during June to August, 1816. There was intense a string of volcanic islands. cold and the situation turned worse as famine-conditions In Mount Tambora, there exists a stratovolcano. It contains developed in European and North American countries. lava, pumice, volcanic ash, other materials and different gases. Many people from England started to rush to the lake side In many cases, a volcano looks like a cone, as the hot liquid lava of Geneva, Switzerland for warm climatic conditions. Such a emerging from it cannot fl ow to long distances away from the discouraging state of affair and unfair weather continued for vent or opening of the volcano, due to large viscosity. -
Seismic Activity Around and Under Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Arc: Constraints to the Source Region of Island Arc Volcanics
SEISMIC ACTIVITY AROUND AND UNDER KRAKATAU VOLCANO, SUNDA ARC: CONSTRAINTS TO THE SOURCE REGION OF ISLAND ARC VOLCANICS ALEŠ ŠPI ČÁK , VÁCLAV HANUŠ AND JIŘÍ VAN ĚK Geophysical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic * ABSTRACT There is general agreement that calc-alkaline volcanic rocks at convergent plate margins are genetically related to the process of subduction (Ringwood, 1974; Maaloe and Petersen, 1981; Hawkesworth et al., 1997). However, opinions on the mode and site of generation of primary magma for island arc volcanism differ substantially. The site of generation of calc-alkaline magma is thought to be either in the mantle wedge (Plank and Langmuir, 1988; McCulloch and Gamble, 1991) or in the subducting slab (White and Dupré, 1986; Defant and Drummond, 1990; Edwards et al., 1993; Ryan and Langmuir, 1993). We present seismological evidence in favour of the latter concept. A distinctive seismicity pattern around and under the Krakatau volcano was identified during systematic studies of the SE Asian convergent plate margins by means of global seismological data. A column-like cluster of events, probably associated with the dynamics of the volcano, is clearly separated from the events in the Wadati-Benioff zone. The accuracy of hypocentral determinations of the events of the cluster does not differ from the accuracy of the events belonging to the subducting slab. The depths of the cluster events vary from very shallow to about 100 km without any apparent discontinuity. On the other hand, there is a pronounced aseismic gap in the Wadati-Benioff zone directly beneath the volcano at depths between 100-150 km. -
Petrogenesis of Rinjani Post-1257-Caldera-Forming-Eruption Lava Flows
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 3 No. 2 August 2016: 107-126 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: hp://ijog.geologi.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314, e-ISSN 2355-9306 Petrogenesis of Rinjani Post-1257-Caldera-Forming-Eruption Lava Flows Heryadi Rachmat1,2, Mega Fatimah Rosana1, A. Djumarma Wirakusumah3, and Gamma Abdul Jabbar4 1Faculty of Geology, Padjadjaran University Jln. Raya Bandung - Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia 2Geological Agency Jln. Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung, Indonesia 3Energy and Mineral Institute Jln. Gajah Mada, Karangboyo, Cepu, Kabupaten Blora, Indonesia 4Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Japan Corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: March 7, 2016; revised: May 17, 2016; approved: June 29, 2016; available online: August 2, 2016 Abstract - After the catastrophic 1257 caldera-forming eruption, a new chapter of Old Rinjani volcanic activity began with the appearance of Rombongan and Barujari Volcanoes within the caldera. However, no published petrogenetic study focuses mainly on these products. The Rombongan eruption in 1944 and Barujari eruptions in pre-1944, 1966, 1994, 2004, and 2009 produced basaltic andesite pyroclastic materials and lava flows. A total of thirty-one samples were analyzed, including six samples for each period of eruption except from 2004 (only one sample). The samples were used for petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and trace and rare earth element analyses. The Rombongan and Barujari lavas are composed of calc-alkaline and high K calc-alkaline porphyritic basaltic andesite. The magma shows narrow variation of SiO2 content that implies small changes during its generation. -
Reconstruction of the 2018 Anak Krakatau Collapse Using Planetscope Imaging and Numerical Modeling
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2020 Reconstruction of the 2018 Anak Krakatau collapse using PlanetScope imaging and numerical modeling Davide Saviano Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Copyright 2020 Davide Saviano Recommended Citation Saviano, Davide, "Reconstruction of the 2018 Anak Krakatau collapse using PlanetScope imaging and numerical modeling", Open Access Master's Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2020. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/989 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Tectonics and Structure Commons, and the Volcanology Commons RECONSTRUCTION OF THE 2018 ANAK KRAKATAU COLLAPSE USING PLANETSCOPE IMAGING AND NUMERICAL MODELING By Davide Saviano A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Geology MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2020 Davide Saviano This thesis has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Geology. Department of Geological & Mining Engineering & Sciences Thesis Co-Advisor: Dr. Simon A. Carn Thesis Co-Advisor: Dr. Gianluca Groppelli Committee Member: Dr. Roohollah R. Askari Department Chair: Dr. John S. Gierke Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. -
Java and Sumatra Segments of the Sunda Trench: Geomorphology and Geophysical Settings Analysed and Visualized by GMT Polina Lemenkova
Java and Sumatra Segments of the Sunda Trench: Geomorphology and Geophysical Settings Analysed and Visualized by GMT Polina Lemenkova To cite this version: Polina Lemenkova. Java and Sumatra Segments of the Sunda Trench: Geomorphology and Geophys- ical Settings Analysed and Visualized by GMT. Glasnik Srpskog Geografskog Drustva, 2021, 100 (2), pp.1-23. 10.2298/GSGD2002001L. hal-03093633 HAL Id: hal-03093633 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03093633 Submitted on 4 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ГЛАСНИК Српског географског друштва 100(2) 1 – 23 BULLETIN OF THE SERBIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------- Original scientific paper UDC 551.4(267) https://doi.org/10.2298/GSGD2002001L Received: October 07, 2020 Corrected: November 27, 2020 Accepted: December 09, 2020 Polina Lemenkova1* * Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Natural Disasters, Anthropogenic Hazards and Seismicity of the Earth, Laboratory of Regional Geophysics and Natural Disasters, Moscow, Russian Federation JAVA AND SUMATRA SEGMENTS OF THE SUNDA TRENCH: GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICAL SETTINGS ANALYSED AND VISUALIZED BY GMT Abstract: The paper discusses the geomorphology of the Sunda Trench, an oceanic trench located in the eastern Indian Ocean along the Sumatra and Java Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. -
Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships Along an Obliquely
Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia Valerio Acocella, Olivier Bellier, Laura Sandri, Michel Sébrier, Subagyo Pramumijoyo To cite this version: Valerio Acocella, Olivier Bellier, Laura Sandri, Michel Sébrier, Subagyo Pramumijoyo. Weak Tectono- Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia. Fron- tiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2018, 6, pp.3. 10.3389/feart.2018.00003. hal-01780318 HAL Id: hal-01780318 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01780318 Submitted on 27 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 09 February 2018 doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00003 Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia Valerio Acocella 1*, Olivier Bellier 2, Laura Sandri 3, Michel Sébrier 4 and Subagyo Pramumijoyo 5 1 Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy, 2 Aix Marseille -
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009)
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009) GEM Technical Report 2012-01 V1.0.0 Storchak D.A., D. Di Giacomo, I. Bondár, J. Harris, E.R. Engdahl, W.H.K. Lee, A. Villaseñor, P. Bormann, and G. Ferrari Geological, earthquake and geophysical data GEM GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE MODEL ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009) GEM Technical Report 2012-01 Version: 1.0.0 Date: July 2012 Authors*: Storchak D.A., D. Di Giacomo, I. Bondár, J. Harris, E.R. Engdahl, W.H.K. Lee, A. Villaseñor, P. Bormann, and G. Ferrari (*) Authors’ affiliations: Dmitry Storchak, International Seismological Centre (ISC), Thatcham, UK Domenico Di Giacomo, International Seismological Centre (ISC), Thatcham, UK István Bondár, International Seismological Centre (ISC), Thatcham, UK James Harris, International Seismological Centre (ISC), Thatcham, UK Bob Engdahl, University of Colorado Boulder, USA Willie Lee, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Menlo Park, USA Antonio Villaseñor, Institute of Earth Sciences (IES) Jaume Almera, Barcelona, Spain Peter Bormann, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany Graziano Ferrari, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Bologna, Italy Rights and permissions Copyright © 2012 GEM Foundation, International Seismological Centre, Storchak D.A., D. Di Giacomo, I. Bondár, J. Harris, E.R. Engdahl, W.H.K. Lee, A. Villaseñor, P. Bormann, and G. Ferrari Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. The views and interpretations in this document are those of the individual author(s) and should not be attributed to the GEM Foundation. With them also lies the responsibility for the scientific and technical data presented. -
Sunda Arc Mantle Source δ18O Value Revealed by Intracrystal Isotope
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24143-3 OPEN Sunda arc mantle source δ18O value revealed by intracrystal isotope analysis ✉ Frances M. Deegan 1 , Martin J. Whitehouse 2, Valentin R. Troll 1,3, Harri Geiger 1,4, Heejin Jeon2, Petrus le Roux 5, Chris Harris 5, Marcel van Helden6 & Osvaldo González-Maurel 5 Magma plumbing systems underlying subduction zone volcanoes extend from the mantle through the overlying crust and facilitate protracted fractional crystallisation, assimilation, 1234567890():,; and mixing, which frequently obscures a clear view of mantle source compositions. In order to see through this crustal noise, we present intracrystal Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) δ18O values in clinopyroxene from Merapi, Kelut, Batur, and Agung volcanoes in the Sunda arc, Indonesia, under which the thickness of the crust decreases from ca. 30 km at Merapi to ≤20 km at Agung. Here we show that mean clinopyroxene δ18O values decrease concomitantly with crustal thickness and that lavas from Agung possess mantle-like He-Sr- Nd-Pb isotope ratios and clinopyroxene mean equilibrium melt δ18O values of 5.7 ‰ (±0.2 1 SD) indistinguishable from the δ18O range for Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB). The oxygen isotope composition of the mantle underlying the East Sunda Arc is therefore largely unaf- fected by subduction-driven metasomatism and may thus represent a sediment-poor arc end-member. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (NRHU), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 2 Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. 3 Faculty of Geological Engineering, Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD), Bandung, Indonesia. 4 Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, im Breisgau, Germany.