Characterization and Applications of Laser-Compton X-Ray Source
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Enhanced X-Ray Absorption by Using Gold Nanoparticles in a Biological Tissue
Radioprotection 50(4), 281-285 (2015) c EDP Sciences 2015 DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2015019 Available online at: www.radioprotection.org Article Enhanced X-ray absorption by using gold nanoparticles in a biological tissue A. Berrezoug, A.S.A Dib and A.H. Belbachir Laboratory of Analysis and Application of Radiation, Department of genie physics, University of Sciences and Technology M. Boudiaf, B.P. 1505, Oran, Algeria. Received 2 May 2015 – Accepted 24 August 2015 Abstract – In recent years, application of nanoparticles (NPs) in diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been the issue of extensive research. In this study, we investigated the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in a tumor during X-ray therapy. Our simulation, based on the Monte Carlo method, shows that the GNPs injected into a tumor considerably enhanced the absorbed dose during X-ray therapy, especially in the energy range between 10 keV and 150 keV. This increase in the absorbed dose is due to a combination of increased photoelectric interaction and Auger electron gen- eration from the gold atoms. Furthermore, the absorbed dose in a biological cell is strongly influenced by the size of the GNPs; our results show that the ideal diameter of GNPs should be around 50 nm, and this result was confirmed by several authors. Keywords: radiation dose / human organ / tumors / X-ray 1 Introduction McMahon et al., 2011;Jainet al., 2012; Tsiamas et al. 2013) ; they can be used as good material for diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells (Heath and Davis, 2008;Jiaoet al., Radiation therapy is used in about 70% of all cancer treat- 2011). -
Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds for Auger Therapy
Annica de Barros Rosa Graduated in Cellular and Molecular Biology Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds for Auger Therapy Dissertation to obtain Master’s Degree in Biochemistry 2 Supervisor: Dr. António Manuel Rocha Paulo, C TN-IST Jury: President: Prof. Dr. Pedro António de Brito Tavares Examiner: Prof. Dr. Paula Dolores Galhofas Raposinho Supervisor: Prof. Dr. António Manuel Rocha Paulo October 2014 T Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds for Auger Therapy Copyright Annica de Barros Rosa, FCT/UNL-UNL A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e a Universidade Nova de Lisboa têm o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. Acknowledgments To my mentor, Dr. António Paulo, I thank you for the mentoring, transmitted knowledge and incentives. For the availability and accessibility demonstrated. To Dr. Isabel Rego dos Santos for the opportunity and acceptance in the group Ciências Radiofarmacêuticas of C2TN. To Letícia Alves do Quental for all the support with the laboratory practices, teaching, availability and all the extra help. To Dr. Paula Raposinho, Dr. Sofia Gama and Dr. Célia Fernandes for the studies provided, availability and for all the help. To Dr. Goreti Morais and Dr. Elisa Palma for the teaching and friendship. To Susana, Sofia M., Elisabete R., Inês, Filipe, Maria, Vera, Mariana and Maurício for the NMR spectra, friendship and company. -
Auger Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, published on July 16, 2015 as doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.155929 Auger Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ana P. Kiess,1 Il Minn,2,* Ying Chen,2,* Robert Hobbs,1 George Sgouros, 1,2 Ronnie C. Mease,2 Mrudula Pullambhatla,2 Colette J. Shen,1 Catherine A. Foss,2 and Martin G. Pomper1,2 1Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 2Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; *Authors contributed equally Corresponding author: Ana Kiess, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231; tel: (443) 287-7528; fax: (410) 502-1419; e-mail: [email protected] The authors attest to the originality of this manuscript and have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest relevant to this work. Data presented in part at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology; San Francisco; September 2014. Running title: PSMA Auger Radiopharmaceutical Therapy ABSTRACT Auger electron emitters such as 125I have high linear energy transfer and short range of emission (< 10 μm), making them suitable for treating micrometastases while sparing normal tissues. We utilized a highly specific small molecule targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to deliver 125I to prostate cancer (PC) cells. Methods: The PSMA-targeting Auger emitter 125I-DCIBzL was synthesized. DNA damage (via γH2AX staining) and clonogenic survival were tested in PSMA-positive PC3 PIP and PSMA- negative PC3 flu human prostate cancer cells after treatment with 125I-DCIBzL. -
JAERI -Review 2004-030
JAERI -Review 2004-030 ANNUAL REPORT OF KANSAI RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT 2003 APRIL 1,2003-MARCH 31,2004 Kansai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute hit, (T319-1195 (T319-H95 This report is issued irregularly. Inquiries about availability of the reports should be addressed to Research Information Division, Department of Intellectual Resources, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken T319—1195, Japan ©Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 2005 B * m =F ts m JAERI-Review 2004-030 Annual Report of Kansai Research Establishment 2003 April 1, 2003-March 31, 2004 Kansai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Kizu-cho, Souraku-gun, Kyoto-fu (Received December 14, 2004) This report is the fifth issue of the annual report of Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. It covers status reports of R&D and results of experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Research Center and the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center during the period from April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004. Keywords: Annual Report, Kansai Research Establishment, JAERI, R&D, Advanced Photon Research Center, Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, SPring-8 Board of Editors for Annual Report Editors: Akira NAGASHIMA (Editor-in-chief), Jun'ichiro MIZUKI, Katsutoshi A0K1, Koichi YAMAKAWA, Keisuke NAGASHIMA, Hiroyuki DAIDO, Masato KOIKE, Yuichi SHIMIZU, Mitsuru YAMAGIWA, Eisuke MINEHARA, Taikan HARAMl, Yuji BAB A, Yoichi MURAKAMI, Koji MURAMATSU, Hisazumi AKAI Editorial Assistants: Noboru TSUCHIDA, Shintaro EJIRI, Sayaka HARAYAMA JAERI-Review 2004-030 2003 2003 ^4^10 -2004 (2004^12^ 14 2003^4^ 1 B^TOSIBI 8 - JAERI-Review 2004-030 Contents Foreword 1 I CJll *H M* A **V _______________________________________________________ *") • OU ill Ilia 1 j _; 2. -
2019 EPS PPD Report
Report from the EPS Plasma Physics Division Board, Summer 2019 Board meetings The Board met twice in 2018, on 1st July in Prague (CZ) and on 13th December at Culham (UK). Operation of the Division Richard Dendy (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy and Warwick University, UK) continues as Chair 2016-2020 of the Division, and Kristel Crombé (ERM/KMS and Ghent University, Belgium) continues as Secretary. The Board members leading the arrangements for the competitions for the 2018 EPS-PPD Prizes were: Alfvén, John Kirk (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany); Innovation, Holger Kersten (Kiel University, Germany) and Eva Kovačević (Orléans University, France); PhD Research Award, Carlos Silva (Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal). Further information is available at http://plasma.ciemat.es/eps/board/. Prague EPS Plasma Physics Conference 2018 (https://eps2018.eli-beams.eu/en/) The successful 45th annual EPS Plasma Physics Conference took place at the Žofín Palace in Prague from 2nd to 6th July 2018, hosted by a consortium of Czech plasma research organisations. The Local Organising Committee was ably chaired by Stefan Weber (ELI-Beamlines), who is also an EPS-PPD Board member. The Programme Committee was ably chaired by Stefano Coda (CH) and comprised: •MCF: M. Mantsinen (ES – sub-chair), T. Eich (DE), G. Ericsson (SE), L. Frassinetti (SE), G. Huijsmans (ITER), R. König (DE), J. Mailloux (UK), P. Piovesan (IT), R. Zagorski (PL) •BPIF: C. Michaut (FR – sub-chair), O. Klimo (CZ), M. Nakatsutsumi (XFEL), A. Ravasio (FR), S. Kar (UK), R. Scott (UK) •BSAP: G. Lapenta (BE – sub-chair), M.E. Dieckmann (SE), E. -
Boosted Radiation Therapy (RT)
cancers Review Requirements for Designing an Effective Metallic Nanoparticle (NP)-Boosted Radiation Therapy (RT) Ioanna Tremi 1,† , Ellas Spyratou 2,†, Maria Souli 1,3, Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos 2 , Mersini Makropoulou 1, Alexandros G. Georgakilas 1,* and Lembit Sihver 3,4,* 1 DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11517 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (E.P.E.) 3 Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria 4 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.G.G.); [email protected] (L.S.) † These authors contribute equally to this work. Simple Summary: Recent advances in nanotechnology gave rise to trials with various types of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the radiosensitization of cancer cells while reducing or maintaining the normal tissue complication probability during radiation therapy. This work reviews the physical and chemical mechanisms leading to the enhancement of ionizing radiation’s detrimental effects on cells and tissues, as well as the plethora of experimental procedures to study these effects of the so-called “NPs’ radiosensitization”. The paper presents the need to a better understanding of Citation: Tremi, I.; Spyratou, E.; all the phases of actions before applying metallic-based NPs in clinical practice to improve the effect Souli, M.; Efstathopoulos, E.P.; of IR therapy. -
Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: a Physics Perspective
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 651475, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2012/651475 Research Article Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: A Physics Perspective B. Q. Lee, T. Kibedi,´ A. E. Stuchbery, and K. A. Robertson Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to T. Kibedi,´ [email protected] Received 21 March 2012; Revised 17 May 2012; Accepted 17 May 2012 Academic Editor: Eva Bezak Copyright © 2012 B. Q. Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Auger electrons emitted in nuclear decay offer a unique tool to treat cancer cells at the scale of a DNA molecule. Over the last forty years many aspects of this promising research goal have been explored, however it is still not in the phase of serious clinical trials. In this paper, we review the physical processes of Auger emission in nuclear decay and present a new model being developed to evaluate the energy spectrum of Auger electrons, and hence overcome the limitations of existing computations. 1. Introduction the vacancy will be filled by an electron from the outer shells and the excess energy will be released as an X-ray Unstable atomic nuclei release excess energy through various photon, or by the emission of an Auger electron. Referred radioactive decay processes by emitting radiation in the to as atomic radiations, X-ray and Auger electron emission form of particles (neutrons, alpha, and beta particles) or are competing processes. -
Advanced Approaches to High Intensity Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration
Advanced Approaches to High Intensity Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration Andreas Henig M¨unchen2010 Advanced Approaches to High Intensity Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration Andreas Henig Dissertation an der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨at M¨unchen vorgelegt von Andreas Henig aus W¨urzburg M¨unchen, den 18. M¨arz2010 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dietrich Habs Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Toshiki Tajima Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung:26. April 2010 Contents Contentsv List of Figures ix Abstract xiii Zusammenfassung xv 1 Introduction1 1.1 History and Previous Achievements...................1 1.2 Envisioned Applications.........................3 1.3 Thesis Outline...............................5 2 Theoretical Background9 2.1 Ionization.................................9 2.2 Relativistic Single Electron Dynamics.................. 14 2.2.1 Electron Trajectory in a Linearly Polarized Plane Wave.... 15 2.2.2 Electron Trajectory in a Circularly Polarized Plane Wave... 17 2.2.3 Electron Ejection from a Focussed Laser Beam......... 18 2.3 Laser Propagation in a Plasma..................... 18 2.4 Laser Absorption in Overdense Plasmas................. 20 2.4.1 Collisional Absorption...................... 20 2.4.2 Collisionless Absorption..................... 21 2.5 Ion Acceleration.............................. 22 2.5.1 Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA).......... 22 2.5.2 Shock Acceleration........................ 26 2.5.3 Radiation Pressure Acceleration / Light Sail / Laser Piston. 27 3 Experimental Methods I - High Intensity Laser Systems 33 3.1 Fundamentals of Ultrashort High Intensity Pulse Generation..... 33 vi CONTENTS 3.1.1 The Concept of Mode-Locking.................. 33 3.1.2 Time-Bandwidth Product.................... 37 3.1.3 Chirped Pulse Amplification................... 39 3.1.4 Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA)............ 40 3.2 Laser Systems Utilized for Ion Acceleration Studies......... -
Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: a Physics Perspective
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 651475, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2012/651475 Research Article Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: A Physics Perspective B. Q. Lee, T. Kibedi,´ A. E. Stuchbery, and K. A. Robertson Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to T. Kibedi,´ [email protected] Received 21 March 2012; Revised 17 May 2012; Accepted 17 May 2012 Academic Editor: Eva Bezak Copyright © 2012 B. Q. Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Auger electrons emitted in nuclear decay offer a unique tool to treat cancer cells at the scale of a DNA molecule. Over the last forty years many aspects of this promising research goal have been explored, however it is still not in the phase of serious clinical trials. In this paper, we review the physical processes of Auger emission in nuclear decay and present a new model being developed to evaluate the energy spectrum of Auger electrons, and hence overcome the limitations of existing computations. 1. Introduction the vacancy will be filled by an electron from the outer shells and the excess energy will be released as an X-ray Unstable atomic nuclei release excess energy through various photon, or by the emission of an Auger electron. Referred radioactive decay processes by emitting radiation in the to as atomic radiations, X-ray and Auger electron emission form of particles (neutrons, alpha, and beta particles) or are competing processes. -
Toshiki Tajima List of Publications
Toshiki Tajima List of Publications (Google Scholar Citations are shown starting with Gxxx at the end of the publications that were counted based on 4/21/13 search with the key words of ‘plasma physics’, ‘accelerators’, and ‘lasers’. The total number of citations: 13577; h-index: 55; i10-index 182. For those papers that missed with these key words, shown are by a diferent Google Scholar search on 5/16/11 with #yyy. Google Scholar (as of 1/11/2015: citations all papers: 17,479, since 2010: 6,085; H-index all papers: 63, since 2010: 34; i10-index all papers: 218, since 2010: 105) BOOKS (and dedidated journal volume) 1. Matsen, F. and Tajima, T., eds., Supercomputers: Algorithms, Architectures, and the Future of Scientific Computation, (University of Texas Press, Austin, 1986). 2. Tajima, T., Computational Plasma Physics—with Applications to Fusion and Astrophysics, Addison-Wesley (Benjamin Frontier Series, Reading, MA, 1989). Reprinted (Perseus, Boulder, 2004). G232 3. Ichikawa, Y.H. and Tajima, T., eds., Nonlinear Dynamics and Particle Acceleration, (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1991). 4. Tajima, T. and Okamoto, M., eds., Physics of High Energy Particles in Toroidal Systems (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994). 5. Tajima, T. ed., The Future of Accelerator Physics: The Tamura Symposium Proceedings, (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1996). 6. Tajima, T. and Shibata, K., Plasma Astrophysics, (Addison-Wesley, Reading,MA, 1997). Reprinted (Perseus, Boulder, CO, 2002). G161 7. Tajima, T., Mima, K., Baldis, H., eds., High Field Science (Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York , 2000). 8. Lontano, M., Mourou, G., Svelto, O.,Tajima, T., eds. -
IAMPI2006 International Conference on the Interaction of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas with Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses 1 - 5 October, 2006 - Szeged, Hungary
IAMPI2006 International Conference on the Interaction of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas with Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses 1 - 5 October, 2006 - Szeged, Hungary HU1100086 Organized by: COST - European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research XTRA - Marie-Curie Research Training Network of the European Community Hungarian Academy of Sciences University of Szeged Book of Abstracts with the program of the conference Main sponsor of the conference: FEMTO LASERS FEMTOLASERS Produktions GmbH FEMTOLASERS Produktions GmbH Fernkorngasse 10, A -1100 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 503 70 02 0 • Fax: +43 1 503 70 02 99 E-mail: [email protected] • http://www.femtoiasers.com Sponsors: Hungarian Academy of Sciences • http://www.mta.hu/index.php?id=english Kurt I. Lesker Kurt J. Lesker Co • http://www.lesker.com TRADE K0N-TRADE + Ltd. • http://www.kon-trade.hu ft LEYBOLD Leybold Vacuum • http://www.leybold.com TECH RK Tech Ltd. • http://www.rktech.hu ©Spectra-Physics NewporExperience I Solutiont s A Dftrtsíön ol Newport Corporation Spectra-Physics a Division of Newport Corporation nttp://www.spectraphysics.com Organizers of the conference highly appreciate the generous support of the exhibitors and sponsors IAMPI2006 International Conference on the Interaction of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas with Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses 1-5 October, 2006 - Szeged, Hungary Organized by: COST - European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research XTRA - Marie-Curie Research Training Network of the European Community Hungarian Academy of Sciences University of Szeged Book of Abstracts with the program of the conference Dear Colleagues, On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee it is a great pleasure to welcome you to Szeged, on the occasion of IAMP12006, the International Conference on the Interaction of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas with Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses. -
Oceans of Opportunity of Oceans Grand Wailea Resort and Spa Wailea Hotel Grand
ABSTRACTS Oceans of Opportunity Oceans of Opportunity 56th Annual Meeting Radiation Research Society 2010 ABSTRACTS Radiation Research Society 810 E. 10th St. Lawrence, KS 66044 Telephone (800) 627-0326 Fax (785) 843-6153 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.radres.org Radiation Research Society September 25–29, 2010 Grand Wailea Resort Hotel and Spa Maui, Hawaii Abstracts 56th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society Grand Wailea Resort Hotel and Spa Maui, Hawaii September 25th–September 29th, 2010 AWARD LECTURES Failla Lecture of radiation. As a complimentary approach, we are utilizing in vivo shRNA to reversibly knock down p53 to study radiation biology. Our results demonstrate that p53 is required in the GI epithelium to (AL01) Chasing free radicals in cells and tissues. James B. prevent the radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome and in Mitchell, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD endothelial cells to prevent late effects of radiation. We have also In the context of ionizing radiation, it has long been known used these genetic tools to generate primary tumors in mice to study that free radicals, which exist over a very brief time scale, set into tumor response to radiation therapy. These advances in genetic Award Lectures motion a series of events that may lead to cell killing, mutation, and engineering provide a powerful model system to dissect mecha- untoward normal tissue effects (acute and late). Interestingly, from nisms of normal tissue injury and tumor cure by radiation. research conducted over the past 2-3 decades, it has become apparent that even under normal circumstances cells and tissues must cope with free radicals.