DOCSLIB.ORG

Draft: No Permission to Quote

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Draft: No Permission to Quote DRAFT: NO PERMISSION TO QUOTE Conference: “Newspapers and Transculturality: New Approaches to Working with Historical Newspapers” (Heidelberg) The Far Eastern Championship Games (1913-1934) in Newspapers: The Transnational Communication of ‘Modernization’ through Sport Stefan Hübner, M.A. Research Associate / Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter Bundeswehr University Munich Historical Institute Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39 85579 Munich-Neubiberg (Germany) [email protected] DRAFT: NO PERMISSION TO QUOTE 1 In my PhD-thesis – ‘Building Asian Nations through Sports Events (1913-1974). The Far Eastern Championship Games, the Western Asiatic Games and the Early Asian Games’ – I used, based on the example of three regional sports events, new methodological approaches such as global history and the ‘multiple modernities’ to analyze entangled transfers of norms and values between Asia and the ‘West’. The spreading of ‘modern’ mega events such as world expositions and sports events since the late nineteenth century is a global phenomenon, which was initially caused by the rise of the ‘West’ and was characterized by power asymmetries due to colonialism, racism, and ‘Orientalism’. I was interested in gaining new insights into ‘Western’ and Asian perspectives on ‘modernization’, ‘civilization’, and feelings of regional and national ‘belonging’, as well as on the public orchestration of shifting power relations within Asia and between Asia and the ‘West’. In this presentation, however, I limit myself to an overview of the media coverage of the Far Eastern Championship Games (FECG; 1913-1934). I primarily deal with cartoons and photos depicted in newspapers published in East Asian countries, particularly in the Philippines. American newspapers and news magazines also covered the Games, but very often created a much more ‘Orientalist’ image of East Asians being in need of ‘Western’ tutelage. My main focus lies on four topics that served to communicate visions of ‘modernization’ to imagined national and supra-national communities (in the sense of Benedict Anderson) of newspaper readers: East Asian capability for sportive self-government, the amateur sports ideals of egalitarianism and internationalism, symbolic communication through trophies, and the emergence of ‘modern’ women. Quite obviously, not every single cartoon or photo on the Games can be discussed here (there are hundreds), meaning that each time several images I consider useful for illustration purposes were selected. The FECG were founded by the American branch of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Manila in 1913 to encourage a large-scale transfer of white American Protestant norms and values to East Asia. Due to the growing urbanization and industrialization that occurred following the American Civil War (1861-1865), American religious reformers increasingly supported amateur sport as a means to overcome a perceived ‘degeneration’ and ‘corruption’ of Americans. During the ‘Progressive Era’ (1890s-1920s), big cities were increasingly seen as hotbeds of vices and crime, whereas sports were regarded as a ‘clean’ leisure practice. Moreover, office work instead of more traditional hard physical labor on farms would lead to sickness, neurasthenia, and other physical and mental illnesses which were to be combated through physical exercise. Finally, amateur sports norms and values such as fair play (honesty), competition, belief in personal effort as the way to success 2 (instead of believing in luck or fate, as in the case of gambling), practical efficiency (choosing competent athletes for the team independent of skin color or social background instead of recruiting relatives), equality (non-discrimination), team spirit (the ability to cooperate with others), obedience of duly constituted authority (the ability to accept rules and orders), and especially self-control (the ability to lose without turning violent) were – if properly enforced by referees and by not paying athletes money to win – considered as useful for citizenship training, assimilation of immigrants, and for promoting ideals such as Christian egalitarianism, Christian internationalism, and a ‘Protestant Work Ethic’. The main justification for the American decision to conquer the Philippines following the defeat of Spain in the Spanish-American War (1898) had been the Filipinos’ alleged backwardness. Congressional debates, but also public discourse as reflected by newspapers, presented racial images of Filipinos as child-minded savages, American natives, or ‘negroes’, alongside Christian rhetoric. Uncle Sam was often displayed as a fatherly figure or as a teacher charged with finding a way in which to deal with the small Filipinos. The pro- imperialists suggested it was a duty to ‘elevate’ the Filipinos to superior white Protestant American standards and save them from Spanish oppression or from the outbreak of chaos due to their inability for self-government. Based on ideas like American Exceptionalism, Manifest Destiny, and the frontier, the United States would have to accept the ‘White Man’s Burden’ (Rudyard Kipling) of ‘benevolent imperialism’. Moreover, as Theodore Roosevelt argued in his ‘Strenuous Life’ speech in April 1899, the ‘young and virile’ United States would have to accept its new role in international affairs. Isolationism would mean a slow decay, with the United States eventually becoming a ‘China of the Western hemisphere’. American anti-imperialists rejected the idea of annexing the Philippines as contradicting the founding principles of the United States, but even their image of the Filipinos did not significantly differ from the pro-imperialists. Early American colonial administrations used a similar vocabulary as the pro- imperialists. Historian Paul Kramer has recently noted that they systematically used keywords like ‘progress’, ‘development’, ‘capacity’, and ‘possibility’ in order to create a discourse of racial inclusiveness to encourage Filipino elites to collaborate, but also to control them. The Filipinos were thus described as being able to learn self-government, but currently not yet ready for it, creating a justification for colonialist ‘training’. The images evoked during the American debate on annexation were supplemented by additional perceptions such as Christian Filipino elites being dishonest and immoral. The centuries-old ‘Black Legend’ of corrupt Spanish colonial practices promoting exploitation and feudalism experienced a 3 revival and was presented alongside the Filipinos’ supposed racial deficits as having had a disastrous influence on Christian Filipino elites. The broad masses, on the other hand, would remain ignorant, passive, superstitious, and lazy. Most of the non-Christians would still be savages and in need of even more American guidance. One of the most signal images was that of an Igorot headhunter depicted in 1908 in the Washington Post, who, according to Dean C. Worcester, an American zoologist and Secretary of the Interior for the Philippine Commission until 1913, had been turned into a ‘civilized’-looking constabulary sergeant within two years (1901-1903). ‘The Evolution of a Constabulary Sergeant from an Igorot Headhunter’ (Washington Post, 1908) Linked with this ‘American Civilizing Mission’, the American YMCA began to engage in missionary and education activities in East Asia. In 1910, Elwood Stanley Brown went to Manila as the YMCA’s physical education director. He started to collaborate with the American colonial administration in various ways. For example, during the annual Manila Carnival, whose athletic director he became in 1911, he organized an amateur championship for school teams and one open to everybody independent of ethnicity or skin color. He thereby attempted to overcome racial segregation in the American colony. At the same time he intended to serve Filipinos in American-style nation building by popularizing ‘civilized’ behavior based on spreading white American Protestant norms and values through school sport by designing a program for the newly established public school system. It did not take long for other East Asian peoples such as the Chinese and the Japanese to be added to the target group. These in particular belonged to those nations Brown and his colleagues perceived as needing American guidance due to their lack of American civilization. To come into contact with Asian politicians and government officials and to promote ‘Western’ amateur sports, Brown decided to found a regional sports event – the FECG – and used the YMCA’s networks in the Philippines, China, and Japan to recruit teams of athletes to participate in the first event (Manila 1913). His project resulted in a spectacular success and the creation of the biggest regional sports event until 1934, until 1927 taking 4 place biannually in one of the three countries. On the second day of the First FECG, the Philippines Free Press, written in both English and Spanish, and thus addressing both the American and Filipino elites, published an image of ‘The New Olympian’. Looking very similar to a white American athlete apart from the shape of his eyes, this image symbolized the celebrated American ideal of strong, proud, and totally Americanized Filipinos, Japanese, and Chinese, who had willingly embraced amateur sports and the corresponding norms and values to become ‘civilized’. As one might expect, some journals, particularly American ones, dramatized ‘civilizing successes’ even further by showing photos of Igorot and other head hunters who had been turned not into
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imperialism and Nationalism As May Fourth Movement Discourses
    IMPERIALISM AND NATIONALISM AS MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT DISCOURSES Tiina H. Airaksinen University of Helsinki This article analyses those imperialist and national discourses that the Chinese and the British constructed, particularly during the May Fourth Movement, in China in the 1910s and 1920s. Moreover, the paper explores the form, content, and impact of May Fourth rhetoric on national identity, concentrating on the cultural, historical, and political dimensions of nationalism presented in China. It is clear that the May Fourth protestors, especially urban and educated men, dominated public articulations of national identities. With their control of knowledge production, and in some cases control of state bureaucracies, elite men were able to make demands for the nation, often combining their own group needs with specific definitions of the nation. British discourse that was constructed during the May Fourth Movement responded to a reality that was infinitely adaptable in its function of preserving the basic structures of imperial power. For the British, the May Fourth demonstrators represented a potential change in the level of existing intellectual, political, social, and economic stability, which for decades had guaranteed the British a privileged position in the country. As result, discussions on nationalism and imperialism became a crucial part of the Sino- British May Fourth Movement discourse. INTRODUCTION On May fourth in 1919, around 3,000 university students gathered together at Tiananmen Square in Beijing and started a series of demonstrations that would later be named the May Fourth Movement (Wusi Yundong). The demonstrators distributed flyers declaring that the Chinese could not accept the concession of Chinese territory to Japan, as stipulated at the Versailles Peace Conference held in the spring of 1919.
    [Show full text]
  • Sports, Colonialism, and US Imperialism
    SPORT, COLONIALISM, AND UNITED STATES IMPERIALISM FORUM Sport, Colonialism, and United States Imperialism GERALD R. GEMS Department of Health and Physical Education North Central College BY 1914 EUROPEAN POWERS, LED BY GREAT BRITAIN, France, and Germany, con- trolled 85 percent of the earth’s land surface. By that time the United States, itself a former colony, had become a major player in the imperial process. Over the past century a num- ber of American historians have glorified such expansionism as a heroic struggle, a roman- tic adventure, a benevolent mission, and a Darwinian right or inevitability. In doing so, they constructed (some might say invented) national identities.1 Only more recently, since the 1960s, have scholars questioned imperialism and its practices. Post-colonial scholars, such as C.L.R. James, and revisionist historians have used a more critical lens, sometimes from the perspective of the conquered and colonized. James’s influential Beyond a Boundary (1964) assumed a Marxist paradigm in its investiga- tion of the role of cricket in the process of subjugation. Most other analyses have taken similar theoretical perspectives. Over the past dozen years, British historians, led by J.A. Mangan, have conducted a thorough examination of the role of sports and education in cultural imposition. American and European scholars, however, have not kept pace. Allen Guttmann’s Games and Empires (1994) remains the only comprehensive American study, while Joel Franks has published two recent inquiries into cross-cultural sporting experi- ences in Hawai‘i and the Pacific. Joseph Reaves’s Taking in a Game: A History of Baseball in Asia (2002) is a welcome addition to this short list.
    [Show full text]
  • History of China and Japan from 1900To 1976 Ad 18Bhi63c
    HISTORY OF CHINA AND JAPAN FROM 1900TO 1976 A.D 18BHI63C (UNIT II) V.VIJAYAKUMAR 9025570709 III B A HISTORY - VI SEMESTER Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (Chinese: 袁世凱; pinyin: Yuán Shìkǎi; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty, becoming the Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916). He tried to save the dynasty with a number of modernization projects including bureaucratic, fiscal, judicial, educational, and other reforms, despite playing a key part in the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform. He established the first modern army and a more efficient provincial government in North China in the last years of the Qing dynasty before the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, the last monarch of the Qing dynasty, in 1912. Through negotiation, he became the first President of the Republic of China in 1912.[1] This army and bureaucratic control were the foundation of his autocratic. He was frustrated in a short-lived attempt to restore hereditary monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor (Chinese: 洪憲皇帝). His death shortly after his abdication led to the fragmentation of the Chinese political system and the end of the Beiyang government as China's central authority. On 16 September 1859, Yuan was born as Yuan Shikai in the village of Zhangying (張營村), Xiangcheng County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Henan, China. The Yuan clan later moved 16 kilometers southeast of Xiangcheng to a hilly area that was easier to defend against bandits. There the Yuans had built a fortified village, Yuanzhaicun (Chinese: 袁寨村; lit.
    [Show full text]
  • Threading on Thin Ice: Resistance and Conciliation in the Jade Marshal’S Nationalism, 1919-1939
    THREADING ON THIN ICE: RESISTANCE AND CONCILIATION IN THE JADE MARSHAL’S NATIONALISM, 1919-1939 Mengchuan Lin A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History (Modern China). Chapel Hill 2013 Approved by: Michael Tsin Miles Fletcher Klaus Larres ©2013 Mengchuan Lin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Abstract Mengchuan Lin: Threading On Thin Ice: Resistance and Conciliation in the Jade Marshal’s Nationalism, 1919-1939 (Under the direction of Michael Tsin) The 1920s marked a decade in the history of modern China which is typically referred to as the period of warlords. This period was characterised by political chaos, internal division and internecine warfare between various cliques of military strongmen who controlled China’s numerous provinces. These de facto military dictators of China, known as warlords in historical literature, were customarily construed to be avaricious and self-serving despots who ruled their large territories with little regard for the welfare of their subjects or that of the Chinese nation. My thesis aims to revise these previously held assumptions concerning the historical agency of Chinese warlords by investigating the unusual conduct of a particularly influential warlord: Wu Peifu. Wu’s display of deeply seated nationalistic tendencies throughout his political career, I argue, complicates our understanding of the impact that Chinese warlords exerted on the rise of Chinese national
    [Show full text]
  • Triumph Plant Announced Recovered State to Have
    The Midland Journal VOL. LXVI RISING SUN, CECIL COUNTY, MD., FRIDAY, MAY NO. 47 CIVILIAN DEFENSE Be Sure To Weather DINNER MEETING State To Have Merger Of OF LIONS CLUB RESCINDED Buy And Balloon • 15,000 Extra Plant Wea^ dinner meeting the Triumph The Executive Committee of the At ithe of It is Thursday ev- Maryland of Defense met on ing Sun Lions Club, on Council Mify 17, the Nominating Com- Farm May 16th and rescinded the civilian A Poppy Recovered ening, Workers reported following slate Announced defense protective regulations pre- mittee the the election to be held .) tune 7: viously promulgated by the Council May to Poppy Days, Hubert Miller, who operates 4he for 19 30 are President, F. M. Kennard; Ist vice- .5,000 Prisoners Of War and issued a policy statemen'i con- when the little red flower, a symbol Hugh Evans farm, weßt of Rising Be Taken Over By president, Charles Croiheis; 2nd vice To fining its future status and opera- , of honor to dead warriors, Sun, on Saturday picked up in the America’s president, Wm. C. Graham; 3rd vice Hons. The regulations rescinded by , be worn. woodis on the premises, a red silk will president, William McNumee; secre- To Aid Farmers die Executive Committee were: The members of 'the American Le- parachute attached to a fiber case Noma tary, Charlton Poist; treasurer, Ev- The Electric Air Raid protection regulations ( gion dedicating their efforts to about six Inches square, containing are erett F. Johnson; tail-twister, Claude governing blackoun procedure within ( the distribution and sale of the pop- various weather recording Instru- And Buick; lion tamer.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Faces in the Chinese Communist Revolution
    CHANGING FACES IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION: PARTY MEMBERS AND ORGANIZATION BUILDING IN TWO JIAODONG COUNTIES 1928-1948. by YANG WU A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2013 © Yang Wu 2013 Abstract The revolution of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from the 1920s to the late 1940s was a defining moment in China’s modern history. It dramatically restructured Chinese society and created an authoritarian state that remains the most important player in shaping the country’s development today. Scholars writing to explain the success of the revolution began with trying to uncover factors outside of the party that helped to bring it to power, but have increasingly emphasized the ability of party organizations and their members to direct society to follow the CCP’s agendas as the decisive factor behind the party’s victory. Despite highlighting the role played by CCP members and the larger party organization in the success of the revolution studies have done little to examine how ordinary individuals got involved in the CCP at different stages and locations. Nor have scholars analyzed in depth the process of how the CCP molded millions of mostly rural people who joined it from the 1920s to the 40s into a disciplined force to seize control of China. Through a study of the CCP’s revolution in two counties of Jiaodong, a region of Shandong province in eastern China during this period my dissertation explores this process by focusing on their local party members.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mukden Incident
    The mukden incident Berkeley Model United Nations Content Warning: The contents of this topic synopsis and anticipated discussion during committee will contain descriptions of violence, racism, r*pe, and other forms of brutality perpetrated during WWII that may be emotionally challenging to engage with. Welcome Letter Dear Delegates, Welcome to BMUN 69! My name is Isabel Shiao, and I am so excited to be your Mukden Incident head chair, along with Nikhil Pimpalkhare and Ashwat Chidambaram as my vice chairs. I am currently a junior at UC Berkeley studying history with a concentration in the Interwar Era. Outside of BMUN, I’m also involved in a pre-law fraternity and the undergraduate history journal. I love to explore the city and experiment with cooking in my free time, and I spent this summer conducting research on Japanese war crimes during WWII. Nikhil Pimpalkhare is a senior studying Electrical Engineering and Computer. He has spent an entire decade doing Model UN, making him the world’s foremost expert in motioning to close debate. Outside of BMUN, Nikhil enjoys practicing gaveling, wearing suits for fun, and grading position papers. Ashwat Chidambaram is a sophomore who has been involved in MUN throughout his years on the high school circuit. Ashwat is majoring in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, and joined BMUN to share the same great experience he had in high school Model UN with all of you! Ashwat grew interested in the topic of the Mukden Incident due to his particular interest in historical events surrounding World War 1 and 2. Beyond MUN, Ashwat has a deep passion for aviation, drumming, listening to Logic and Bruno Mars, and playing basketball for fun! I chose the Mukden Incident as our topic in an attempt to illuminate voices that are forgotten massacres, and other atrocities carried out by Imperial Japan were arguably as atrocious as Nazi war crimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics a Study on the Siege of Xi'an and Its Historical Significance
    /Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics A Study on the Siege of Xi'an and its Historical Significance by Kingsley Tsang |fJP=!(Zeng Qingzhang) B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts . in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2 002 © Kingsley Tsang, 2002 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date August 28, 2002 Abstract The Warlord period (1916-28) is a much-neglected era in modern Chinese scholarship. Scholars tend to ignore it because the events were complicated and the warlords acted without an ideological commitment. They are seen as violent but unsophisticated thugs with minimum affects on the history of Chinese military. The Siege of Xi'an (April to November 1926) demonstrated the fallacy of this assumption and the uniqueness of the warlord military system. The warlords managed to fuse the Chinese and Western military experience in a hybrid warring style.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Manchurian Atlas
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MANCHURIAN ATLAS: COMPETITIVE GEOPOLITICS, PLANNED INDUSTRIALIZATION, AND THE RISE OF HEAVY INDUSTRIAL STATE IN NORTHEAST CHINA, 1918-1954 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY HAI ZHAO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2015 For My Parents, Zhao Huisheng and Li Hong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been an odyssey for me. The University of Chicago has become both a source of my intellectual curiosity and a ladder I had to overcome. Fortunately, I have always enjoyed great help and support throughout the challenging journey. I cannot express enough thanks to my academic advisors—Professor Bruce Cumings, Professor Prasenjit Duara, and Professor Guy Alitto—for their dedicated teaching, inspiring guidance and continued encouragement. I have also benefited immensely, during various stages of my dissertation, from the discussions with and comments from Professor Salim Yaqub, Professor James Hevia, Professor Kenneth Pomeranz, and Professor Jacob Eyferth. Professor Dali Yang of Political Sciences and Professor Dingxin Zhao of Sociology provided valuable insights and critiques after my presentation at the East Asia Workshop. My sincere thanks also goes to Professor Shen Zhihua at the East China Normal University who initiated my historical inquiry. I am deeply indebted to my friends and colleagues without whom it would not have been possible to complete this work: Stephen Halsey, Paul Mariani, Grace Chae, Suzy Wang, Scott Relyea, Limin Teh, Nianshen Song, Covell Meyskens, Ling Zhang, Taeju Kim, Chengpang Lee, Guo Quan Seng, Geng Tian, Yang Zhang, and Noriko Yamaguchi.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan and the League of Nations
    Japanese history Burkman Of related interest (Continued from front flap) THE THOUGHT WAR ment concepts and plans, and the settlement Japanese Imperial Propaganda apan joined the League of Nations in 1920 JAPAN JAPAN J of border disputes in Europe. This study is Barak Kushner as a charter member and one of four perma- enlivened by the personalities and initiatives nent members of the League Council. Until of Makino Nobuaki, Ishii Kikujiro¯, Nitobe 2006, 254 pages, illus. conflict arose between Japan and the organiza- Inazo¯, Matsuoka Yo¯suke, and others in their Paper ISBN: 978-0-8248-3208-7 tion over the 1931 Manchurian Incident, the Geneva roles. The League project ushered League was a centerpiece of Japan’s policy to “Completely individual and very interesting. Kushner’s book is, I think, those it affected to world citizenship and in- maintain accommodation with the Western the first to treat propaganda as a profession in wartime Japan. He follows it spired them to build bridges across boundaries powers. The picture of Japan as a positive and cultures. The author sheds new light on through its various stages and is particularly interested in its popular accep- and the contributor to international comity, however, the meaning and content of internationalism tance—wartime comedy, variety shows, how entertainers sought to bolster is not the conventional view of the country in in an era typically seen as a showcase for dip- their careers by adopting the prewar message, which then filtered down into the early and mid-twentieth century. Rather, lomatic autonomy and isolation. Well into the society and took hold.
    [Show full text]
  • Illinois Basketball Guide
    e 19 9 49 9 1 •<k Basketball University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Guide *J :.-;K &<- 'A IV RALPH R. JONES CRAIG RUBY HARV SCHMIDT HARRY COMBES DOUGLAS R. MILLS J. LOU HENSON / J-m^j j/b-UM^x£yOC^- 1990-91 University of Illinois Basketball Rosters Alphabetical Numerical No. Player Ht. Wt. Yr. Pos. Hometown/HS or JC No. Player 6'0" Springfield, IL/Calvary 3 Tim Geers* 1 1 Rennie Clemons 170 Fr. G 3 Tim Geers* 6'5" 194 So. F Chicago, IL/DeLaSalle 4 Brooks Taylor* 6'6" 11 34 Andy Kaufmann* 219 Jr. F Jacksonville, IL/Jacksonville Rennie Clemons 50 Andy Kpedi* 67" 216 Sr. C St. Anne, IL/Kankakee JC 23 Larry Smith*** A2 Tom Michael 6'8" 187 Fr. + F Carlyle, IL/Carlyle 24 Scott Pierce '8" 24 Scott Pierce 6 195 Fr. I' Euless, TX/Trinity 25 Deon Thomas 23 Larry Smith*** 6'4" 190 Sr. G Alttm, IL/Alton 32 Tom Michael 4 Brooks Taylor* 6'4" 172 So. G Chicago, IL/DeLaSalle 34 Andy Kaufmann* 2."> Deon Thomas 6'9" 200 Fr. + C Chicago, IL/Simeon 44 T.J. Wheeler 6'4" 44 T.J. Wheeler 180 Fr. G Christopher, IL/Christopher 50 Andy Kpedi Redshirt freshman *Denotes number of Varsity I's won Tim Geers Andy Kaufmann Andy Kpedi Larry Smith Brooks Taylor THE COVER: With Lou Hensons first victory this coaches over the years: Ralph R. Jones (1913-1920) 85 wins, 34 • i winningest Illinois basketball losses (.676); J. Craig Ruby (1923-1936) 148 wins. 97 losses 1 lombes.
    [Show full text]
  • State-Run Industrial Enterprises in Fengtian, 1920-1931
    State Building, Capitalism, and Development: State-Run Industrial Enterprises in Fengtian, 1920-1931 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Yu Jiang IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Liping Wang, Ann Waltner October 2010 © Yu Jiang, 2010 Acknowledgements I am grateful that Department of History at University of Minnesota took a risk with me, somebody with no background in history. I also thank the department for providing a one-semester fellowship for my dissertation research. I am deeply indebted to Minnesota Population Center for hosting me in its IT team for many years – it allowed me, a former software engineer, to keep abreast of the latest developments in computer technology while indulging in historical studies. Thanks are especially due to Steve Ruggles (MPC director) and Pete Clark (IT director) for giving me this great opportunity. The source materials for this dissertation mostly come from Liaoning Provincial Archives, Liaoning Provincial Library, and Meihekou Archives. I thank these institutions for their help. Liaoning Shekeyuan offered both warm reception and administrative help right after I arrived in Shenyang. My archival research in Shenyang also benefited greatly from Chris Isett’s help. Su Chen from East Asian Library at University of Minnesota has been helpful numerous times in locating important documents. My committee members, Mark Anderson, Ted Farmer, M.J. Maynes, Ann Waltner, and Liping Wang provided valuable comments on the draft. M.J. and Ann’s thoughtful comments on a paper based on my dissertation helped improve my work.
    [Show full text]