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Le Monde.Fr : Attentat De Kigali En 1994 : Jean-Louis Bruguière Accuse Paul Kagamé
Le Monde.fr : Attentat de Kigali en 1994 : Jean-Louis Bruguière accuse Paul Kagamé Recherchez depuis Identifiez-vous Mot de passe Afrique sur Le Monde.fr sur le web avec » Recevez les newsletters » Faites du Monde.fr votre gratuites page d'accueil mémorisez | oublié? Jeudi 23 novembre 2006 Compte rendu Attentat de Kigali en 1994 : Jean-Louis Bruguière accuse Paul Kagamé LE MONDE | 21.11.06 | 11h11 En savoir plus avant les autres, Le Monde.fr vous fait gagner du temps. Abonnez-vous au Monde.fr : 6 par mois + 30 jours offerts 'escalade politico-judiciaire entre la France et le Rwanda au sujet du génocide de 1994 est sur le point de connaître un épisode-clé. Neuf mandats d'arrêt internationaux doivent être émis, mercredi 22 novembre, par le juge français Jean-Louis Bruguière contre des proches du président rwandais Paul Kagamé. Chargé de l'enquête sur l'attentat contre l'avion du président Juvénal Habyarimana, le 6 avril 1994 – AFP/BERTRAND LANGLOIS Le juge français Jean-Louis Bruguière lors d'une conférence de qui a entraîné le déclenchement du génocide presse à Londres, le 14 novembre 2006. durant lequel près de 800 000 Tutsis ont été tués –, le juge antiterroriste a transmis au parquet une ordonnance de soit-communiqué cinglante contre Chat M. Kagamé, dont Le Monde a eu connaissance. Le Rwanda, dix ans plus tard Stephen Smith analyse le traumatisme et les responsabilités du génocide rwandais. Le juge y affirme que, "pour Paul Kagamé, l'élimination physique du président Habyarimana s'était imposée à partir d'octobre Editorial du "Monde" Un procès salutaire 1993 comme l'unique moyen de parvenir à ses Chronologie Le génocide au Rwanda et ses suites Bilan France-Rwanda : l'ombre du génocide continue à fins politiques", c'est-à-dire "une victoire totale, et peser ce au prix du massacre des Tutsis dits 'de l'intérieur'". -
Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo
New Philanthropy Capital is a charity that develops and encourages more effective charitable giving. Its aim is to increase the quantity and quality of resources to the charitable sector. NPC’s approach is built on research that focuses on needs, actions and results. This research identifies charities that are achieving high standards in tackling disadvantage and deprivation. It uses this to advise donors and funders on how to achieve the greatest impact. It also helps the charitable sector identify opportunities to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. In doing so, NPC seeks to place the ultimate beneficiaries - the people that charities work with - at centre stage. The King Baudouin Foundation is a public benefit foundation founded in 1976, the 25th year in the reign of King Baudouin. The foundation is independent and pluralistic. It works to improve living conditions for the population. As a grant-making and operating foundation, KBF is a spur for change. It encourages original thinking, explores solutions, and launches innovative development projects to solve issues facing society today. KBF combines a wide variety of methods to achieve its objectives: bringing together the finest minds in the world, funding cutting-edge research, organising conferences, networking, and offering both project support and structural financing for organi- zation. Based in Belgium, KBF is active at the local, regional, federal, European and international level. Of course, it makes use of the fact that it is based in Brussels, the capital of Europe. Following a call for action from the United Nations Secretary General, the Board of Governors of the King Baudouin Foundation confirmed its agreement on 20 March 2002 to provide support amounting to 1 million euro to support AIDS projects in Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. -
Senior Rwandan Official Arrested
Senior Rwandan official arrested German police have arrested a senior Rwandan official in connection with the killing of a previous president whose death triggered the 1994 genocide. Rose Kabuye - the chief of protocol for current Rwandan President Paul Kagame - was detained on arrival at Frankfurt on a warrant issued by a French judge. She is one of nine senior Rwandan officials wanted over the shooting down of Juvenal Habyarimana's plane. All are members of the party which ousted the genocidal regime. Correspondents say Ms Kabuye, a former guerrilla fighter with the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), now Rwanda's ruling party, has heroic status in Rwanda. She has since served as an MP and mayor of the capital Kigali, and is one of President Kagame's closest aides. Transfer to France A German diplomat told AFP news agency that Ms Kabuye had been in Germany on private business and that Germany was "bound to arrest her" by a French-issued European arrest warrant. Ms Kabuye has visited the country before but under German law could not be arrested as she was part of an official delegation. "Rwanda has been made aware on several recent occasions that if Ms Kabuye returned to Germany she would be arrested," said the diplomat. Ms Kabuye's lawyer said she would be transferred to France "as quickly as possible". "She is ready to speak to the judges, especially since, to our knowledge, there isn't much in the dossier," said Leon-Lef Forster, referring to the evidence against his client. AFP quoted Rwandan Information Minister Louise Mushikiwabo as saying that Ms Kabuye's arrest was a "misuse of international jurisdiction". -
From Urban Catastrophe to 'Model' City? Politics, Security and Development in Post- Conflict Kigali Article (Accepted Version) (Refereed)
Tom Goodfellow and Alyson Smith From urban catastrophe to 'model' city? Politics, security and development in post- conflict Kigali Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Goodfellow, Tom and Smith, Alyson (2013) From urban catastrophe to 'model' city? Politics, security and development in post-conflict Kigali. Urban studies, 50 (15). ISSN 0042-0980 © 2013 Sage This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/49094/ Available in LSE Research Online: March 2013 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. From urban catastrophe to ‘model’ city? Politics, security and development in post-conflict Kigali Tom Goodfellow and Alyson Smith Forthcoming 2013 in Urban Studies Vol. 50(15) (Special Issue on ‘Cities and Conflict in Fragile States’) Abstract In the years immediately after the 1994 genocide, Kigali was a site of continuing crisis amid extraordinary levels of urban population growth, as refugees returned to Rwanda in their millions. -
TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE DE PARIS CHAMBERS De Jean-Louis BRUGUIERE First Vice-President Parquet
TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE DE PARIS CHAMBERS de Jean-Louis BRUGUIERE First Vice-President Parquet: 97.295.2303-0 Cabinet: 1341 ISSUANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ARREST WARRANTS ***************************** ORDONNANCE DE SOIT-COMMUNIQUE [Order to Execute] ***************************** Translated from French to English by CM/P. Corrected and layout by Agaculama. This is a free and non official translation, that has been performed in order to correctly inform the English speakers about the « Rwandese genocide ». Any reference to this version, given in an official frame, will be done under the responsibility of the user who will ever explicitely give the reference to the official text, issued by Judge Jean-Louis Bruguière at the Tribunal de Première Instance de Paris. The anonymous authors of this translation can not be pursued for the imperfections that occurred during the benevolent translation. ***************************** We, Jean-Louis Bruguière, Premier Vice-Président of the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris, In view of articles 131 and 145 of the Penal Code, (1) Considering that on 6 April 1994 at 8:25 pm, the Falcon 50 of the President of the Republic of Rwanda, registration number "9XR-NN", on its return from a summit meeting in DAR-ES-SALAAM (Tanzania) as it was on approach to Kanombe International Airport in KIGALI, was shot down by two Surface-to-Air Missiles; and (2) That all passengers: - Juvénal HABYARIMANA, Chief of State of Rwanda, - Cyprien NTARYAMIRA, Chief of State of Burundi, - Déogratias NSABIMANA, Chief of Staff of Rwandan -
Rwanda Minister Scraps Belgian Trip Amid Arrest Threat to Official
Rwanda minister scraps Belgian trip amid arrest threat to official May 9, 2008 BRUSSELS (AFP) — Rwanda's Foreign Minister Rosemary Museminali scrapped an official visit to Belgium after being told that a member of her delegation would be arrested upon arrival, a Belgian diplomatic source said Friday. "Belgium has told (on Tuesday) the Rwandans that one person in their delegation is being sought. According to Belgian law, if someone is sought then when they cross our border they must be arrested," the diplomatic source told AFP. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II (left) On Wednesday, Rwanda announced the cancellation of the official visit, due to take receives Rosemary Kobusingye place on Thursday and Friday, he added. Museminali The official in question is Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Nzabamwita, Rwanda's number two official for external security. He is one of 40 Rwandan army officers for whom a Spanish court has issued arrest warrants on accusations of genocide. "The Rwandans probably took it badly because they see it as interference in the make- up of their delegation, but that's not the case," the Belgian diplomatic source said. Spain's top criminal court on February 6 announced it would prosecute the Rwandan officers for genocide, crimes against humanity and terrorism related to events that took place between 1994 and 2000. Current Rwandan President Paul Kagame's then rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994 put an end to the 100-day slaughter of about 800,000 people, mostly from the Tutsi minority, by Hutu extremist militias and government troops. data ©2008 Tele Atlas - Terms of Use Hosted by Copyright © 2008 AFP. -
Consensual Democracy in the Post -Genocide Rwanda: Evaluating the March 2001 District Elections
"CONSENSUAL DEMOCRACY" IN POST-GENOCIDE RWANDA EVALUATING THE MARCH 2001 DISTRICT ELECTIONS 9 October 2001 Africa report N°34 Nairobi/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................i I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................5 II. CONFLICTING ELECTION OBJECTIVES: DECENTRALISATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF RPF POWER............................................................................................3 A. RPF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: TEACHING DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL UNITY AND IDENTIFYING THE “WISE MEN”.............................................................................................................................................3 B. BREAKING THE GENOCIDAL MACHINERY.................................................................................................5 C. PREPARING FOR THE 2003 NATIONAL ELECTIONS AND BEYOND .............................................................6 III. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONSTRAINTS..........................................................................8 A. THE REGIONAL INSECURITY TRAP ............................................................................................................8 B. INTERNAL POLITICAL TENSIONS...............................................................................................................9 C. THE CHALLENGE OF LIMITED RESOURCES................................................................................................9 -
(Un)Believable Truth About Rwanda Nicki Hitchcott ABSTRACT Since
The (Un)Believable Truth about Rwanda Nicki Hitchcott ABSTRACT Since the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, a proliferation of fictional and non- fictional narratives has appeared, many of them claiming to represent the truth about what really happened in 1994. These include a small but significant number of Rwandan- authored novels which, this article suggests, invite the reader to accept what I call a “documentary pact”. While there is no single version of the truth about what happened in Rwanda, one of the common features of fictional responses to the genocide is an emphasis on truth claims. Drawing on examples of both fictional and non-fictional responses to the genocide, this essay discusses the implications of Rwandan authors’ insistence on the veracity of narratives that are sometimes difficult to believe. Emphasizing the importance for Rwandan writers, particularly survivors, of eliciting empathy from their readers, this essay will show that the documentary pact is an effective means of appealing to our shared human experience. KEYWORDS Rwanda; Genocide; Tutsi; Truth; Belief; Documentary; Fiction The (Un)Believable Truth about Rwanda Nicki Hitchcott Introduction In Boubacar Boris Diop’s 2001 novel, Murambi, le livre des ossements, a fictional Rwandan genocide survivor Gérard Nayinzira tells the protagonist, Cornelius, about the time he saw a militiaman raping a woman under a tree. During the rape, the commander of the militia passes by and crudely teases the young man: “Hé toi, Simba, partout où on va, c’est toujours la même chose, les femmes d’abord, les femmes, les femmes! Dépêche-toi de finir tes pompes, on a promis à Papa de bien faire le travail!” After walking on a few steps, the commander turns back on his heels, picks up a large stone and crushes the woman’s head. -
Liste Des Members Du FPR-INKOTANYI/APR Soupconnes
LISTE DES MEMBRES DU FPR-INKOTANYI / APR SOUPCONNES D'AVOIR PREMEDITE ET COMMIS DES CRIMES CONTRE L'HUMANITE QUI SONT DE LA COMPETENCE DU TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL POUR LE RWANDA (T.P.I.R.) DOSSIER N 1 E.Monier/R.Motte - M.Treillet/P.Goldmann SOS RWANDA-BURUNDI Juin 1998 ABREVIATIONS ET SIGLES APR Armée Patriotique Rwandaise ARIB Association de Réflexion et d'Information sur le Burundi CDR Coalition pour la défense de la République CICR Comité International de la Croix Rouge CLADHO Comité de Liaison des Associations Rwandaises de Défense des Droits de l'Homme CLIIR Centre de Lutte contre l'Impunité et l'Injustice au Rwanda CND Conseil National pour le Développement (Parlement rwandais avant 1994) CNRS Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques COM-R Commission parlementaire belge d'enquête sur les événements du Rwanda CRAD Comité Rwandais d'Action pour la Démocratie DMI Directorate Military Intelligence FPR Front Patriotique Rwandais FRD Forces de Résistance pour la Démocratie GOMN Groupe d'Observateurs Militaires Neutres LICHREDOR Ligue chrétienne de Défense des Droits de l'Homme au Rwanda LIDEL Ligue Indépendante pour la Défense des Libertés Publiques MINUAR Mission des Nations Unies pour le Rwanda ONG Organisations Non Gouvernementales ORINFOR Office Rwandais d'Information SOLIDAIRE-RWANDA Solidarité Internationale pour les Réfugiés Rwandais TPIR Tribunal Pénal International sur le Rwanda UFE Union des Français de l'Etranger USA United States of America PRESENTATION Le Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU a décidé de "créer un tribunal international chargé uniquement de juger les personnes présumées responsables d'actes de génocide ou d'autres violations graves du droit international humanitaire commis sur le territoire du Rwanda et les citoyens rwandais présumés responsables de tels actes ou violations commis sur le territoire d'Etats voisins entre le 1er janvier et le 31 décembre 1994 (...) " (Résolution 955, 1994). -
Who Shot Down President Habyarimana’
“Rwanda’s Deadliest Secret: Who Shot Down President Habyarimana’s Plane?” The most under-investigated of political assassinations By Tiphaine Dickson Region: sub-Saharan Africa Global Research, November 24, 2008 Theme: Crimes against Humanity, Law and 24 November 2008 Justice Remains of Juvénal Habyarimana’s presidential plane, 1994 Retired Colonel Rose Kabuye was recently arrested in Germany, and extradited to France, where she was charged with for complicity in murder in relation to a terrorist enterprise, for her alleged participation in the 1994 shooting down of Juvénal Habyarimana’s presidential plane, and released on bail. She is the first member of Rwandan President Paul Kagame’s inner circle to be charged in connection to what is arguably history’s least-investigated political assassination and terrorist attack. | 1 Rose Kabuye Who is Rose Kabuye? Colonel Rose Kabuye was born in Uganda, the child of Rwandan expatriates, many of which left the country after it obtained independence, and following a UN-sponsored referendum abolishing the (Tutsi) monarchy in Rwanda. She attended primary school with many of the current regime’s hard-liners, and like numerous other Rwandan Tutsi exiles living in Uganda, Kabuye joined the Ugandan Army, where she held the rank of Lieutenant, and became the personal attaché of the Chief of Staff. During the same period, Paul Kagame, who attended the U.S. Army Command and Staff College (CGSC) in Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, was Chief of Military Intelligence in the Ugandan Army. President Paul Kagame On October 1st, 1990, an armed group called the Rwandan Patriotic Front, composed of many Ugandan officers, including Rose Kabuye and Paul Kagame,invaded Rwanda from Uganda, with Ugandan military materiel, and Ugandan soldiers. -
In the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA 1) MADAME HABYARIMANA; ) in her own capacity and on behalf of the estate of the ) deceased President of Rwanda, ) JUVÉNAL HABYARIMANA; ) CIV-10-437-W ) Case No. 2) MADAME NTARYAMIRA; ) in her own capacity and on behalf of the estate, of the ) deceased President of Burundi, ) CYPRIEN NTARYAMIRA; ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) VS. ) ) 1) GENERAL PAUL KAGAME; ) 2) JAMES KABAREBE; ) 3) FAUSTIN NYAMWASA KAYUMBA; ) 4) CHARLES KAYONGA; ) 5) JACKSON NKURUNZIA, a.k.a Jack Nziza; ) 6) SAMUEL KANYEMERA, a.k.a. Sam Kaka; ) 7) ROSE KABUYE ) 8) JACOB TUMWINE ) 9) FRANCK NZIZA ) 10) ERIC HAKIZIMANA ) ) Defendants. ) COMPLAINT WITH JURY DEMAND (WRONGFUL DEATH AND MURDER; CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY; VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND SECURITY; ASSAULT AND BATTERY; INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS; VIOLATIONS OF THE RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS ACT; TORTURE; AND CONTINUING CONSPIRACY IN FURTHERANCE THEREOF) JURISDICTION 1. The Alien Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1350, provides federal jurisdiction for "any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States." This Court also has jurisdiction over Plaintiffs' claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction); 18 U.S.C. SEC 1332 and 18 U.S.C. § 1964(c) (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). 2. Further, the U.S. Federal Extraterritorial Torture Statute, 18 U.S.C.A. § 2340A, provides federal jurisdiction over “whoever outside the United States commits or attempts to commit torture” or conspires to commit torture, if said person is a national of the United States or is present in the United States, irrespective of the nationality of the victim or alleged offender. -
Maximizing Tourism's Contribution to Poverty Reduction in Rwanda
Fachgebiet: Politikwissenschaft Maximizing tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction in Rwanda Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster (Westf.) vorgelegt von Michael Großpietsch aus Quakenbrück 2007 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20. Dezember 2007 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Schubert Referent: Prof. Dr. Kevenhörster Koreferent: Dr. van den Boom Maximizing tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction in Rwanda Dissertation to be submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) by advanced study in International Relations at the Graduate School of Politics of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University in Münster / Germany Presented by Michael Großpietsch, Maîtrise en Droit (Paris), M.A./DESS (Toulouse), M.Sc. (Greenwich) (December 2007) IV Table of contents Table of contents......................................................................................................................................... IV List of tables ............................................................................................................................................... VII List of figures............................................................................................................................................. VIII List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... IX Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................