In the Figured Worlds of Culture and Religion: Prospective Teachers’ Discourse Around Latino Literature for Children
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In the Figured Worlds of Culture and Religion: Prospective Teachers’ Discourse Around Latino Literature for Children DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Denise Lynne Davila Graduate Program in Education The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Barbara Kiefer, Adviser Barbara Lehman Patricia Enciso Caroline Clark Copyrighted by Denise L. Davila 2012 Abstract This dissertation examines what happens when prospective teachers (PTs) engage with works of Latino children’s literature that contain visual religious content. Exposing PTs to accurate and affirming works of Latino children’s literature could foster their cultural awareness (Medina & Enciso, 2001) and support their future work in diverse school communities. Conversely, teachers’ avoidance of multicultural texts is well documented (Nieto, 2002; Taxel, 1994). Gándara (2008) argues that unprepared teachers are one of the primary reasons that there is a crisis in the education of Latino students. This dissertation focuses on an analysis of the social Discourses and figured worlds (Gee, 2011) that PTs construe in response to acclaimed Latino picturebooks such as In My Family (Garza, 1996), Friends from the Other Side (Anzaldúa, 1993), and Abuelito Eats with His Fingers (Levy, 1999), each of which is a work of critical fiction (Mariani, 1991). The teacher-researcher collected data from 83 predominantly white, young, female prospective teachers enrolled in a major Midwest university’s introductory survey course of children’s literature that is a prerequisite to the university’s post-baccalaureate licensure program. Data sources included participants’ written responses to the literature and related pedagogy, fieldnotes, and audio recordings of small group and whole class discussions. Using Gee’s (2011) concept of figured worlds as a tool of inquiry for content analysis, this study revealed that some of these PTs impose strict cultural boundaries ii around “American” identity. These boundaries exclude and displace children of Mexican heritage. The data set points to deficiencies in multicultural education as experienced by some PTs in the last decade. It shows contradictions between many PTs’ desires to foster cultural awareness and their ideologies and political outlooks related to myths about Latinos, immigration, and religion in public education. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my dissertation committee members Barbara Kiefer, Barbara Lehman, Patricia Enciso, and Caroline Clark for their tremendous guidance and support during my studies at the Ohio State University. I am honored that you are my mentors and eternally grateful for you kind and thoughtful responses to my work. iv Vita 1991 ...............................................................B.A. Liberal Studies: Early Childhood Option, California State University East Bay 1991 to 1994 ..................................................Classroom Teacher, Saint Elizabeth Elementary School, Oakland CA 1993 ...............................................................Multiple Subject Teaching Credential, Holy Names University 1994 ...............................................................Cross-cultural Language and Academic Development (CLAD) Certification, Alameda County Office of Education, CA 1994 to 1995 ..................................................Classroom Teacher, International School of Trieste, Italy 1995 to 1998 ..................................................Math & Science Instructor/Curriculum Developer, Lawrence Hall of Science at the University of California, Berkeley 2001 ...............................................................M.S. Education, Curriculum and Instruction: Children’s Literature, California State University East Bay v 2001 to 2009 ..................................................Lecturer, Teacher Education Department, California State University East Bay 2003 ...............................................................M.F.A. Creative Writing for Children, The Union Institute & University at Vermont College 2004 to 2008 ..................................................University Field Supervisor, Teacher Education Department, California State University East Bay 2007 to 2008 ..................................................Admissions Adviser and Field Placement Coordinator, Teacher Education Department, California State University East Bay 2008 to 2010 ..................................................University Field Supervisor, School of Teaching and Learning, The Ohio State University 2009 to present ..............................................Graduate Teaching Associate, School of Teaching and Learning, The Ohio State University, Columbus and Mansfield 2010 to 2011 .................................................Editorial Assistant, Language Arts Journal, The Ohio State University vi 2012 ..............................................................Ph.D. Education: Literature for Children and Young Adults School of Teaching and Learning, The Ohio State University Publications Books Kopp, J, & Davila, D. (2000). Math on the Menu. Berkeley, CA: UC Berkeley Press Peer Reviewed Publications Davila, D. (2012). In search of the ideal reader for children’s non-fiction books about el Día de Los Muertos. Journal of Children’s Literature, 38(1), 16-26. Davila, D. (2011). White people don’t work at McDonald’s and other shadow stories from the field: Analyzing preservice teachers’ use of Obama’s race speech to teach for social justice. English Education, 44(1), 13 – 50. Davila, D. (2010). Not so innocent: Book trailers as anticipatory stories. The ALAN Review. Fall, 32 – 42. Editor Reviewed Publications Davila, D., Anggraini, T., Barger, B. P., Bowcutt, A., Brewster, H., Vocal, P. (2011). Tales of achievement. Language Arts, 88(5), 391-395. Davila, D. (2010). Profile: Cornelia Funke. In B. Lehman, E. Freeman, & P. Scharer (Eds.), Reading globally, K-8: Connecting students to the world through literature. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Corwin Press. Davila, D. & Patrick, L. (2010). Asking the experts: What children have to say about their reading preferences. Language Arts, 87(2), 199 – 210. vii Patrick, L. & Davila, D. (2010). What did you think of the book?: Kids speak up. Language Arts, 87(2), 225 - 231. Fields of Study Major Field: Education viii Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. iv Vita ......................................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xvi List of Figures....................................................................................................................xx CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1 Framing the Situation.......................................................................................................3 Problem Statement ...........................................................................................................7 Purpose of Study ..............................................................................................................9 Research Questions........................................................................................................11 Significance of Study.....................................................................................................13 Definition of Terms........................................................................................................15 ix Definition....................................................................................................................16 Categories and Types of Multicultural Children’s Literature ....................................17 Chapter Overviews.........................................................................................................19 CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS ...................................................21 Conflicting Discourses...................................................................................................21 Discourse with a Capital “D” .....................................................................................21 Underpinnings of the Discourse of La Virgen de Guadalupe ....................................23 Devotions to La Virgen de Guadalupe.......................................................................24 Connection to Dominant Discourse: Latino Threat Narrative ..................................28 Conversations and Historical Development of Discourse: Who is “American?”.....29 Connection to Figured Worlds: Outsiders..................................................................32 Theoretical Framework: Discourse and Teacher Beliefs...............................................34 Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................................34 Factors that Shape Teachers’ Beliefs and Knowledge ...............................................37 Summary ....................................................................................................................41