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Nonprofit Security Grant Program Nonprofit Security Grant Program Threat Incident Report: January 2019 to Present November 15, 2020 (Updated 02/05/2021) Prepared By: Rob Goldberg, Senior Director, Legislative Affairs [email protected] The below Threat Chronology is intended to assist applicants in responding to the “Threat” question in Part III (A) of the Investment Justification (“making the case”): The applicant should discuss the identification and substantiation of prior threats or attacks against the organization or a closely related organization by a terrorist organization, network, or cell (this would also include Violent Homegrown Extremists). Note: Proofs should include any findings from a previously conducted risk assessment, police findings, and/or insurance claims specific to the location. Absent direct threats, a sub-applicant may substantiate the threat through the public record, as discussed below. Recommendations (in order of priority): In answering this question, a sub-applicant should (in order or priority): 1. Describe specific terror (or violent homegrown extremist) incidents, threats, hate crimes, and/or related vandalism, trespass, intimidation, or destruction of property that have targeted its property, membership, or personnel. Note: This may also include a specific event or circumstance that impacted an affiliate or member of the organization’s system or network. 2. Report on incidents/threats that have occurred in the community and/or State where the organization is located. 3. Reference the public record regarding incidents/threats against similar or like institutions at home or abroad. Note: With respect to referencing the public record, there is limited working space in the IJ, so sub- applicants should be selective in choosing appropriate examples to incorporate into the response: Events that are most recent, geographically proximate, and closely related to their type or circumstance of their organization or are of such magnitude or breadth that they create a significant existential threat to the Jewish community at large. The following two sections, researched and compiled by JFNA, provide: 1: A review of the national threat picture as it pertains to Jewish and other at-risk faith and communal institutions; and 2) Specific incidents reported against the Jewish community and other at-risk faith and communal institutions. Sub-applicants may utilize both sections to address any sections of the vulnerability/risk assessment and IJ (application) questions pertaining to threat (as well as vulnerabilities, consequences, and investment impacts as appropriate). I. Overview of Recent Federal Risk Assessments of National Significance Summary The following assessments/reports/findings underscore the persistent threat of lethal violence and hate crimes against the Jewish community and other faith- and community-based institutions in the United States. Over the past year: ▪ The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security and National Counterterrorism Center jointly assessed that Domestic Violent Extremists and Racially/Ethnically Motivated Violent Extremists (RMVEs) will continue to pose a lethal threat to faith-based communities, particularly the Jewish community, in the Homeland and remain concerned about the difficulty of detecting lone offenders due to the individualized nature of the radicalization process.1 ▪ FBI Director Christopher Wray testified before Congress that the number one threat the nation faces from domestic violent extremists stems from RMVEs, who are considered the most lethal of all domestic extremists in the post-911 environment.2 To illustrate his point, Director Wray recounted the arrest last November of Richard Holzer on federal domestic terrorism and hate crime charges for attempting to blow up a historic synagogue in Pueblo, Colorado and provoke “a racial holy war.”3 ▪ The Nation’s Homeland Security agencies assessed that domestic extremists were using the Covid-19 pandemic to recruit members to their ranks and to incite violence against Jewish and other minority communities.4 ▪ The Nation’s Homeland Security agencies warned that if the Government of Iran were to perceive actions of the United States Government as acts of war or existential threats to the Iranian regime, Iran could act directly or enlist the cooperation of its proxies, such as Lebanese Hizballah, to commit attacks in retribution, with little to no warning, including against US-based 1 Joint Intelligence Bulletin, “Continued Interest in Targeting Jewish Communities in the Homeland by Domestic Violent Extremists,” 3 January 2020 (IA-41058-2 0) 2 Senate HSGAC Hearing, “World Wide Threats,” 24 September 2020; Link: https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Testimony-Wray-2020-09-24.pdf 3 DoJ/US Attorney’s Office, District of Colorado, 4 November 2019; Link: https://www.justice.gov/usao- co/pr/southern-colorado-man-charged-federal-hate-crime-plotting-blow-synagogue 4 DHS Counterterrorism Mission Center, “Terrorists Exploiting COVID-19 Pandemic in an Attempt to Incite Violence,” 23 March 2020 (IA-43383-20) 2 Jewish individuals and interests, among likely targets.5 In recent years, the US Government has arrested several individuals acting on behalf of either the Government of Iran or Lebanese Hizballah who have conducted surveillance indicative of contingency planning for lethal attacks in the United States against facilities and individuals. In one instance, the US arrested an agent of Iran in 2018 who had conducted surveillance of a Hillel Center and the Rohr Chabad Center, Jewish institutions located in Chicago, including photographing the security features surrounding the Chabad Center. ▪ The FBI reported that for the 23rd consecutive year, the Jewish community remains the number one target of faith-based hate crimes (58%).6 Additionally, hate crimes rose to their highest numbers in a decade, including a 14% increase in anti-Jewish incidents over the previous year and constituted more than 60% of all anti-religious bias crimes reported.7 National Terrorism Advisory System Bulletin8 On January 27th, 2021, the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security has issued a National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) Bulletin due to a heightened threat environment across the United States. Information suggests that some ideologically-motivated violent extremists could continue to mobilize to incite or commit violence. The Bulletin described current developments and general trends regarding threats of terrorism, including violence and threats meant to intimidate or coerce specific populations on the basis of their religion, race, ethnicity, identity or political views. DHS is concerned these same drivers to violence will remain through early 2021. Hate Crime Data Helps Law Enforcement Address Threat9 According to a January 19, 2021 news bulletin, hate crimes have a devastating impact on victims, families, and communities, which requires reliable data to help law enforcement and the government to Identify challenges and direct resources to combat these crimes. A hate crime is a crime like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. The FBI released its latest Hate Crime Statistics for 2019 on November 16, 2020. According to the report, hate crimes rose to their highest numbers in a decade, including a 14% increase in anti-Jewish incidents over the previous year and constituted more than 60% of all anti-religious bias crimes reported. In 2019, there was a deadly shooting in a synagogue in Poway, California, at a kosher supermarket in Jersey City, New Jersey, and a machete attack at a large religious holiday gathering at a rabbi’s home in Monsey, New York. The collection dates back to 1990, when Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act. Of all the categories of religious bias crimes reported, the majority reported have been motivated by anti-Jewish bias.10 5 Joint Intelligence Bulletin, “Escalating Tensions Between the United States and Iran Pose Potential Threats to the Homeland,” 8 January 2020 (IA-41117-20) 6 FBI Hate Crimes Reports; Link: https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/ 7 https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/2019 8 National Terrorism Advisory System Bulletin, 27 January 2021; Link: https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/ntas/alerts/21_0127_ntas-bulletin.pdf 9 Criminal Justice Information Services, January 19, 2021; Link: https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/cjis-link/hate- crime-data-helps-law-enforcement-address-threat?utm_campaign=email- Immediate&utm_medium=email&utm_source=cjis-link-information-letters&utm_content=%5B1056108%5D- %2Fservices%2Fcjis%2Fcjis-link%2Fhate-crime-data-helps-law-enforcement-address-threat 10 FBI Hate Crimes Reports; Link: https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/ 3 Content that Provoked Amazon to Suspend Parler’s Web Services Account11 In a January court filing, Amazon gave outsiders a new look at the content that provoked Amazon to suspend the web services account of the Parler social networking service. Content that threatened or encouraged violence included: ▪ “White people need to ignite their racial identity and rain down suffering and death like a hurricane upon zionists.” ▪ “We need to act like our forefathers did Kill [Black and Jewish people] all Leave no victims or survivors.” ▪ “We are going to fight in a civil War on Jan.20th, Form MILITIAS now and acquire targets.” Mitigating Attacks on Houses of Worship Security Guide12 Scholars estimate there are approximately 350,000 to 400,000 individual congregations within the United States. Each represents a critical part of the local community, and
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