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A TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNA from Tiie MINT CANYON FO~MATION of SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

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A TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNA from Tiie MINT CANYON FO~MATION of SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ' I vu A TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM TiiE MINT CANYON FO~MATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By Jo11M H. MAXSCIN With efghteflu text·1lgures (Reprinted from Carnegie Institution of W~n Publication No. 4.0t. Pages 77 to 112. Issued ,\ugtiaf;, 19801 Bakh Graduaie Sch<lal of the Geological Sdenca California Jn,siitute of T echnolog, Pasadena, CalifomUi Contribution No. 4 0 ) . I VII A TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM THE MINT CANYON FORMATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By JOHN H. MAxsoN With eighteen text-tlgures A TERTIARY MAMM1 CANYON FORMATIC CONTENTS Introduction ----- 79 The Mint Canyon beds, Acknowledgments ____ -------· 79 miles northeast of Saugus, C Location, Relationships and Physical Features of Mint Canyon For- Kew in Bulletin 753 (1924: mation ------------------------·-·- 79 Occurrence of the Paleontological Material__ _ _________ In 1919 during the course o: 81 -v Relation of the Mint Canyon Fauna to its Environment__, 82 fossil vertebrate remains Fauna! Relationships---------·---------------·------ 82 visional list of the vertebra Age of the Mint Canyon.. __ ____ ______~- - - ------- ---- -· ---- 85 that time by Dr. Kew an• Occurrence of Hipparion________________ ___ _ 86 Bulletin 753. However, no Description of fauna_.. --· ·--··-··u-----·---·---·---------- ------ 87 Further m.a.mroalia.n rem.a.i Testudinata -- ----·---------------­ 87 formation by Mr. J. W. M Aves ··- 87 Carnivora _ 87 Buddenhagen, by the Los A ..Elurodon sp, ____ 87 In view of the position of Lagomorpha ------------------------------ 88 a series of marine fonnatic Hypolagus ? cf. apachensis Gazin._ ________________ 88 the terrestrial fauna secure<: Proboscidea ----------------------­ 89 in establishing the age of ti Trilophodon SP ·----- --------------~- 89 Equidm --------· 91 for a comparison of the Ter Parahippus? (Archeohippus) near mourningi Merriam -.-~ 91 Great Basin to the east. Merychippus sumani Merriam - ·-·-------·-- ------ . 92 record of the marginal mar Merychippus sp. ------- --- - --------- ------- 94 the Great Basin on the ba Merychippus (Protohippus) intermontanus Merriam ___ 95 warrant in the present inst Protohippus sp. -----·--··--·····--·--- ···-- -------­ 97 Hipparfon ? sp. A--·-- ·----------- ----------·- ---· 98 fauna. Hip:parion ? sp. B·-···------·-----------------------­ 99 AC 101 Hipparion T near mohavense Merriam----- ·-- -- ---·· The writer wishes to S.C: Rhinocerotidre -··---· -------· 103 Rhinocerotid indeL------------- . 103 have assisted in the collect: Tagassuidm ---------------------------­ 104 of the Department of Pa Prosthennops ? BP·---·------------- 104 kindly loaned for study the Camelidre -------------------------------------- 106 beds. Especially does the ' Miolabis californicus n. BP- · 106 Alticamelus? sp.____ ________________ 109 the California Institute ol Antilocapridre -·· 110 during the course of this s Merycodus near necatus LeidY----·--· 110 Mr. John L. Ridgway. Antilocaprid indet. _ 111 Oreodontidre --------- ---------------------------- 111 LOCATION, RELATim Oreodont cf. Merycbyus _______________________ 111 List of Mint Canyon Fossil Localities_ ________ ____________________ 112 MINT The fossiliferous Mint C 78 live area located in the norl in the southeastern part County, California. Thes A TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM THE MINT CANYON FORMATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA INTRODUCTION 79 The Mint Canyon beds, typically exposed in Mi.Dt Canyon, seven - - --- - -- - 79 llliles northeast of Saugus, California, were described by Dr. W. S. W. res of Mint Canyon For- Kew in Bulletin 753 (1924) of the United States Geological Survey. ----- - ---·- 79 In 1919 during the course of geologic mapping of this region by Kew, ----- -- - ----- -- --- - 81 fossil vertebrate remains were found at several localities. A pro­ nvironment _ _ ----- - 82 visional list of the vertebrates represented in the collection made at ---------------·- - 82 - --···--·--···------ - - 86 that time by Dr. Kew and by Dr. Chester Stook was recorded in ------ ---------------- --- 86 Bulletin 753. However, no detailed study of the material was made. --------- - - 87 Further mammalian remains were secured from the Mint Canyon 87 formation by Mr. W. Mitchell, Mr. Thomas Clements, Mr. H.J. 87 J. 87 Buddenhagen, by the Los Angeles Museum, and by the writer. 87 In view of the position of the Mint Canyon beds, immediately below 88 a series of marine formations of the Pacific Coast Marine Province, 88 the terrestrial fauna secured from these deposits is not only important 89 89 in establishing the age of the Mint Canyon but also furnishes 8. basis for a comparison of the Tertiary record of this region with tha.t of the ------- - 91 · mourningi Merriam____ 91 Great Basin to the east. Opportunities to correlate the Tertiary -- ------------- ------· 92 record of the marginal marine province with the terrestrial record of - --- - ---- ·- --- - 9f the Great Basin on the basis of land vertebrates a.re infrequent and nontanue Merriam____ 95 warrant in the present instance a careful survey of the Mint Canyon ---·--···--·------- ---·- 97 98 ~~ . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ------iam____________________--- 10199 103 The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to those who - - ·- 103 ha.ve assisted in the collection of the material. Prof. W. D. Matthew -------- 104 of the Department of Paleontology, University of California, has 104 kindly loaned for study the origine.l collection from the Mint Canyon ·- - - - ----- 106 beds. Especially does the writer wish to thank Prof. Chester Stock of 106 109 the California. Institute of Technology for criticism and assistance 110 during the course of this study. The illustrations were prepared by 110 Mr. John L. Ridgway. 111 ---- ------- ----- 111 LOCATION, RELATIONSHIPS AND PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ----------- - 111 112 MINT CANYON FORMATION The fossiliferous Mint Canyon formation is exposed over an exten­ sive area located in the northern part of the Fernando Quadrangle and in the southeastern part of the Tejon Quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. These quadrangles cover portions of the hilly 79 80 Contributions to Pala!ontology A Ten country between Liebre Mountain on the northwest and the San tumUJus and these beds arE Gabriel Mountains on the southeast. Mint Canyon is located on the of the Cierbo formation." north side of the Santa Clara Valley about halfway between the Los the marine beds are in par1 Angeles Ba.sin and the Mohave Desert (see figure 1). posed at the type section ••• by Hudson and Craig.1 Thi Valley but some distance to The association of primi groups of mammals in th( ~ \. > ~ - IU\- I 1F I I I' I I.. \ '"" \ l {\ search for a break in the e none was observed. Beds c ) and vary laterally. There (' ments, although it was obs. nate in the lower part of th and grayish beds in the mi1 1 I ~~~1.. - ~ ... are particularly in evidence however, common through• colored deposits do not shm to be useful in establishing The lower beds are large] ~ "I I San~i~l~Aty? ~ ~o 1~ -' ~ •--•-•·-- ~ - ·- • - . ~nrol - grayish and reddish silts. 'J middle part of the format. Samo IW"ita L members, both fossiliferous bedded conglomerates and f ~a•NiC<Jla.tL this part of the formation as-I l ' I I "'- . -· l . \4 I i»" gastropod, Paludestrina in 1&1• WI" - ... lacustrine deposits. Occa.si F10. I-Index map of portion of southern California showing location (shaded these sediments. quadrangle) of Mint Canyon deposits. As noted by Kew the M The general geologic relationships of the Mint Canyon formation rather sharp folds west of I have been fully discussed by Dr. W. S. W. Kew. The observations folded with structural axei recorded by Kew have been of considerable value to the writer during 4,000 feet plus or minus is field work in this region. It appears to the writer t The Mint Canyon deposits overlie unconformably the Sespe? for­ itself does not greatly exm mation (upper Oligocene or lower Miocene). The latter beds faulted against a schistose tentatively assigned by Kew to the Sespe are not fossiliferous but mapped by Kew as part o have been correlated on the basis of lithology and stratigraphic posi­ area to the east of Mint Cai tion. Overlying the Mint Canyon formation with angular discord­ west of Mint Canyon, and ance is a marine formation ref erred by Kew • questionably to the Modelo. Recent studies of an invertebrate fauna from this formation OCCURRENCE OF T: have led Dr. W. P. Woodring 2 to state: "Rather poorly preserved The mode of accumulatio; specimens of Astrodapris from this locality closely resemble A. Dot favorable to burial of effects of transportation w 1 W. B. W. Kew, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 753, 52, 1924. •w. P. Woodring, Abstract entitled "Age of the Modelo Formation of the Santa Probably scattered and exp• Monica Mountains, California," 28th annual meeting, Cordilleran Section, Geological Society of America, Stanford University, California, 1929. : ~ S. Hudson and E. K. Craig, 1 • B. W. Kew, op cit., H, 1924. ntologv A Tmiarv Mammalian Fauna 81 the northwest and the San wmidus and these beds are regarded as the approximate equivalent int Canyon is located on the of the Cierbo formation." The determination would indicate that 1ut hallway between the Loa the marine beds are in part equivalent to the Modelo formation ex­ 3ee figure 1) . posed at the type section near Modelo Canyon, as now restricted by Hudson and Craig.1 This location is also north of the Santa Clara Valley but some distance to the west of Mint Canyon. The association of primitive and advanced types within certain groups of mammals in the
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