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EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT of DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS from BASINS BURNED by the 2007 RANCH FIRE, VENTURA and LOS ANGELES COUNTIES, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA by Susan H

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EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT of DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS from BASINS BURNED by the 2007 RANCH FIRE, VENTURA and LOS ANGELES COUNTIES, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA by Susan H U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN-FILE REPORT 2007–1418 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Version 1.0 118°55' 118°50' 118°45' 118°40' " Naylor Place CALIFORNIA reek C lder C as ork A ta st F ¨¦§5 ic Ea C re 34°35' e k Elderberry Turtle Can yon Forebay S " Martins ton Ranch e C or Fire ra ek l C re r A l C eek g ae ua h n B o la ic nc y a M n C a re Castaic ek C P s Lake ir p k u r e C a e r re h e S ek C k re a r C c phu s EXPLANATION ul o S c a L Intermittent streams ¨¦§5 Perennial streams ¦§¨5 n Minimum length of main channel that o y n ek a can be impacted by debris flows re C C n on to y n an a generated from delineated basins C C g n ri p S k Cree Highway Elm R 34°30' e a on s y o an Major Roads n C e l reek r vi C C e ar D Streets T T a Lake Piru ar n C y M re o ap e " le k n Towns C re ek Dom inguez Ca n ny o Volume of debris flow (m3) on ny Ca licia (in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall in 3 hours) Santa Fe ek re C ak k O C r a o n 1–1,000 rf y u o o k n F e re on C y e an espe C ol e C 1,001–10,000 Little S reek P Lim Le chl H er C o any p on p 10,001–100,000 e r C T o a Bl n a m nch y ar s d o Can >100,000 C n yo a n n Val y o S n " Verde e s Fire perimeter p e C n r nyo e ser Ca These maps are not to be used for flood insurance rating purposes under the National Flood Insurance e Hol k Program. For insurance rating purposes, please refer to the currently effective Flood Insurance Rate k e Maps (FIRM) published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). To obtain a copy of the e r FIRM, contact the FEMA Map Service Center at (800) 358-9616, or at http://msc.fema.gov C c i This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial a t s standards or with the North American Stratigraphic code. eek r a Cre ve Piru i C R 126 Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply a Del U r lara River a ta C endorsement by the U.S. Government. l an 34°25' h Valle " S s Piru C a a Permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material " t W n contained within this report. l a a S e 0 0.5 1 2 MILES For sale by U.S. Geological Survey Information Services R Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 126 U 1-888-ASK-USGS " Camulos 00.5 1 2 KILOMETERS A PDF of this report is available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1418 EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT OF DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS FROM BASINS BURNED BY THE 2007 RANCH FIRE, VENTURA AND LOS ANGELES COUNTIES, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By Susan H. Cannon,1 Joseph E. Gartner, John A. Michael, Mark A. Bauer, Susan C. Stitt, Donna L. Knifong, Bernard J. McNamara, and Yvonne M. Roque 1U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, DFC, MS 966, Denver CO 80225, (303) 273-8604, [email protected] 2007 Introduction Suggested Actions The objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Ranch Fire in Ventura and Los People occupying businesses, homes, and recreational facilities downstream of the basins identified as the most hazardous must be informed of the potential dangers from debris flows Angeles Counties, southern California, in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena (Turner and Schuster, 1996); debris flows that followed wildfires in and flooding. Warning must be given even for those basins with engineered mitigation structures at their mouths in the event that the structures are not adequate to contain potential debris southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage (NOAA-USGS Debris Flow Task Force, 2005). A short period of even moderate flows. Site-specific debris-flow hazard assessments ought to be performed upslope from structures and facilities in areas identified as being at risk. rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows (Cannon and others, 2008). Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has Because this assessment is specific to post-fire debris flows, further assessment of potential hazards posed by flash floods is needed. Continued operation of the early-warning system been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to for both flash floods and debris flows established by NOAA’s National Weather Service and the U.S. Geological Survey (http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/hydro/debris_flow.php; NOAA- entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, USGS Debris Flow Task Force, 2005) would help local officials make decisions about evacuations and inform the public about potential dangers of debris flows in advance of rainfall roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death. events. The system consists of an extensive reporting rain-gage and stream-gage network coupled with National Weather Service weather forecasts and radar rainfall measurements. Any This emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as a relative ranking of the predicted volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches early-warning system should be coordinated with existing county and flood district facilities. (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period (Hershfield, 1961). The calculation of debris-flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical An evaluation of the effectiveness of hillslope and channel mitigation approaches focused on the ability of different treatment methods to decrease the potential volume of debris flows model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with (deWolfe, 2006; deWolfe and others, 2008). This work found that extensive applications of treatments that promote rainfall infiltration into hillslopes combined with engineered works that slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall (Gartner and others, 2008). Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. control incision in low-gradient channel reaches can effectively mitigate debris-flow impacts in basins less than about two km2 in area that are expected to produce debris-flow volumes of Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan less than 10,000 m3. Large engineered check dams or collection basins are necessary to effectively mitigate hazards posed by events from basins larger than about two km2 that are evacuation timing and routes. expected to produce debris-flow volumes greater than about 10,000 m3 ( Hungr and others, 1987; Fiebiger, 1997; Okubo and others, 1997; Heumader, 2000; deWolfe, 2006). Results References Cited Of the 187 basins evaluated in this assessment, five were identified as having the potential to produce debris flows with volumes less than 1,000 m3 in response to the 10-year- Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., and Michael, J.A., 2007, Methods for the emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the fires of 2007, southern California: U.S. recurrence, 3-hour rainstorm. These are the small (0.04 to 0.07 km2) basins that drain into Lake Piru, an unnamed tributary of Piru Creek east of Turtle Canyon, Agua Blanca Creek, and Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1384, 10 p. Holser Canyon. One hundred fifty-six of the basins showed the potential to produce debris flows with volumes between 1,001 and 10,000 m3. These are basins with areas between 0.07 to 3.4 km2 that drain into Pole Creek, Hopper Canyon, Holser Canyon, Piru Creek, Canton Canyon, and Agua Blanca Creek, as well as unnamed canyons north of Val Verde and basins Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Wilson, R.C., and Laber, J.L., 2008, Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern that drain into the Santa Clara River Valley between Camulos and Del Vale. Twenty-six of the basins evaluated showed volume estimates between 10,001 and 100,000 m3. From west to California: Geomorphology, doi:10.1019/j.geomorph.2008.03.019. east, these include the headwaters of Pole Creek; Toms Canyon and three unnamed basins that drain into Hopper Canyon; Blanchard, Lime, Dominguez, Reasoner, Turtle, Sharps, Devil, deWolfe, V.G., 2006, An evaluation of erosion control methods after wildfire in debris-flow prone areas after wildfire: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, Department of Geology and Santa Felcia, Oak, and Lechler Canyons, Michael Creek, and four unnamed basins that drain into Lake Piru and Piru Creek; two unnamed basins that drain into Aqua Blanca Creek; three Engineering Geology, M.S.
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