Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23 (1): 103–112. June 15, 2017.
A Revision of the Genus Lycoperdina (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) from Japan
Koichi SOGOH and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, 790-8566 Japan
Abstract The Japanese species of the genus Lycoperdina is revised. Three previously known species are redescribed: Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874, Lycoperdina dux Gorham, 1873 and Lycoperdina mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858, and one new spe- cies is described: Lycoperdina hiranoi sp. nov. from Honshu and Hokkaido. The distributional pattern of Japanese species is briefly discussed.
Introduction Systematics The genus Lycoperdina Latreille, 1807 belongs to the Genus Lycoperdina Latreille, 1807 subfamily Lycoperdininae Redtenbacher, 1844 (Tomaszewska, 2005), and contains 28 species: 18 from the Palearctic, 9 from Lycoperdina Latreille, 1807: 73 (Type species: Galleruca the Ethiopian, and 1 from the Nearctic Regions (Shockley et bovistae Fabricius, 1792); Tomaszewska, 2005: 47. Golgia Mulsant, 1846: 20 (Type species: Silpha succincta al., 2009). Linnaeus, 1767). From Japan, three species have been recorded. First report Lycoperdinodes Arrow, 1923: 485 [replacement name for of the genus from Japan was Gorham (1873), he described Lycoperdinella Arrow, 1920]. Lycoperdina dux from Hyogo, and recorded L. mandarinea Lycoperdinella Arrow, 1920: 23 [homonym Lycoperdinella from Nagasaki. Subsequently Gorham (1874) described L. Champion, 1913] (Type species: Lycoperdinella morosa castaneipennis from Hyogo. In addition Gorham (1887) and Arrow, 1920). Hirano (2011) recognized the presence of an undescribed Falsoylaia Pic, 1945: 10 (Type species: Falsoylaia species from Hokkaido and Honshu. obscuresuturalis Pic, 1945). In this paper, we review the Japanese species of the genus Lycoperdina. Diagnosis (modified Tomaszewska, 2005). Body (Fig. 1) This paper is based on the Sogoh’s undergraduate elongate to ovate, convex dorsally, glossy. Coloration of body dissertation for Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University light to dark reddish-brown, having vague black marking on (February 2017). middle of pronotum and elytra in some species; legs black to reddish brown. Antennae (Fig. 3) shorter than a half of body Materials and Methods length; antennal club 2-segmented, loose. Pronotum (Fig. 4A–D) with stridulatory membrane in anterior margin; basal Materials. The specimens used in this paper were preserved sulcus distinct; lateral sulci deep and subparallel; anterior in Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama (EUMJ); Kyushu angles acute or narrowly rounded; posterior angles right University Museum, Fukuoka (KUMJ); Tochigi Prefectual angle or acute. Mesoventrite (Fig. 4E–H) with intercoxal Museum, Utsunomiya (TPMJ) and private collection of Mr. Y. process short, narrowly separated mesocoxae. Elytra elongate, Hirano (HI). convex, widest at basal 1/3 or 1/2, gently tapering apically, Methods. Dissected parts are cleared in 10% solution blunt at apex, densely and irregularly covered with fine of KOH, and placed in glycerine on slides. Measurements, punctures. Femur (Fig. 2A, C, E, G) widest at 1/3 from edge. general observations, and dissections were made under a Abdomen (Fig. 6A–H) with five freely articulated ventrites; microscope (Leica MZ95). Photographs were taken under a anterior margin of intercoxal process straight; ventrite 1 as Leica MZ95 using a microscopy camera system (Nikon DS- long as ventrites 2–4 combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in Fi1-L2), and combined with automontage software Combine length. Male genital segment (= tergite and sternite 9; Fig. ZM (Alan Hadley, UK). The figures were prepared using 6I–L) with paired apophyses fused near base or mid length. Adobe Photoshop CS. After examination, dissected parts and Aedeagus (Fig. 5) moderately long, strongly sclerotized genitalia were placed in genitalia tube with glycerine. and stout; median lobe with short thumb-like apical branch; Technical terms refer to Tomaszewska (2005). tegmen placed at base of median lobe, ring-like shaped, fused Morphological abbreviations used in this study are as parameres. follows: AI: aedeagal index (length/basal width); EL: elytral length from anterior margin to elytral apex; EW: maximum elytral width; IOI: interocular index (interocular distance/ Key to the species of Lycoperdina from Japan compound eye width); PML: pronotum length in median line; 1. Elytra (Fig. 1C, F) with large black marking at center; legs PSL: pronotum length in lateral from right anterior angle to fully reddish brown. …...... ……...L. mandarinea posterior margin; PW: maximum width of pronotum; TL: total -. Elytra (Fig. 1A, B, D, E, G, H) uniformly reddish-brown or length (PML + EL). The average is given in parenthesis after infuscate at center; legs black or partially red…...... …..2 the range. 2. Elytra oval, strongly convex, widest at middle (Fig. 1A,
Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology 104 Sogoh, K. and H. Yoshitomi
Fig. 1. Habitus of Lycoperdina spp. from Japan. —Male (A, B, C, G, I) and female (D, E, F, H) and ventral habitus in male (I). — A, D, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; B, E, L. dux Gorham, 1873; C, F, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; G–I, L. hiranoi sp. nov. (G, I, holotype; H, paratype). Scale bars = 3.0 mm.
D); EL/EW 1.29–1.42 (1.34). Distributed in Honshu to margin subparallel-sided; male fore tibia (Fig. 2D) Kyushu…...... L. castaneipennis slightly projecting in inner margin; ventrite 5 rounded -. Elytra oblong, rather flattened, widest at basal 1/3 (Fig. 1B, at apex in male, triangle and slightly pointed at apex in E, G, H); EL/EW 1.38–1.56 (1.46)……...... 3 female. Median lobe (Fig. 5D) slightly curved ventrally, 3. Pronotum (Fig. 4B) transverse, widest at base; lateral convex in ventral 1/3; apex expanded and emarginated at
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Fig. 2. Male fore legs of Lycoperdina spp. — Femur, trochanter and coxa (A, C, E, G) and tibia (B, D, F, H). — A, B, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; C, D, L. dux Gorham, 1873; E, F, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; G, H, L. hiranoi sp. nov. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Fig. 3. Male left antennae of Lycoperdina spp. —A, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; B, L. dux Gorham, 1873; C, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; D, L. hiranoi sp. nov. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
middle; apical branch moderately long, curved ventrally. Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874, 151. Gorham, TL 4.75–6.48 (5.72) mm. Distributed in Hokkaido to 1887, 642 [note]; Strohecker, 1953, 72 [listed]; Kyushu……...... …L. dux Tomaszewska, 2007, 564 [catalogued]; Shockley et al., -. Pronotum (Fig. 4D) weakly transverse, widest at apical 2009, 54 [listed]; Hirano, 2011, 19 [noted]; Jung, 2014, 1/3; lateral margins slightly tapered in basal 1/3; male fore 39 [note]. tibia (Fig. 2H) with distinct tooth-like projection in inner Lycoperdina (Golgia) castaneipennis: Csiki, 1910, 35, margin; ventrite 5 moderately flattened at apex in male, [catalogued]; Ohta, 1931, 225 [note]; Strohecker, 1970, 245 [lectotype designation, male genitalia]; Sasaji, 1985, triangle and slightly pointed at apex in female. Median 241 [note, photo]. lobe (Fig. 5J) straight; apex uneven, expanded and slanted; apical branch very short, strongly curved ventrally. Specimens examined. [HONSHU]
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Fig. 4. Pronota (A–D) and meso- and metasterna (E–H) of Lycoperdina spp. — A, E, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; B, F, L . dux Gorham, 1873; C, G, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; D, H, L. hiranoi sp. nov. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Kuromori, Sudama (alt. 1,175 m), 23. vii. 1987, R. Inagawa A. Amagasu leg.
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Fig. 5. Male genitalia of Lycoperdina spp. in dorsal (A, D, G, J), lateral (B, E, H, K) and ventral (C, F, I, L) views. — A– C, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; D–F, L. dux Gorham, 1873; G–I, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; J–L, L. hiranoi sp. nov. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Yoshimichi leg.; 1♀ (EUMJ), ditto, 23. x. 1996, H. Nakanishi 1♀ (EUMJ), Koboke, Yamashiro-machi (alt. 400 m), 18. leg.; 11♂18♀ (EUMJ), Ishizuchi-san (alt. 1,450 m), 18–20. xi. 2006, T. Kitano leg.; 1♀ (EUMJ), Kohtsu (alt. 1,000 m), x. 1975, A. Oda leg.; 1♀ (EUMJ), Saragamine (alt. 1,250 31. x. 1965, M. Sakai leg. [KYUSHU]
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Fig. 6. Abdominal ventrites (A–H) and male genital segment (I–L) of Lycoperdina spp. — Male (A, C, E, G) and female (B, D, F, H). — A, B, I, Lycoperdina castaneipennis Gorham, 1874; C, D, J, L. dux Gorham, 1873; E, F, K, L. mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858; G, H, L, L. hiranoi sp. nov. Scale bars = 1.0 mm. specimens; legs black or partially red. EL/PL 2.55–2.86 (2.69), and curved near base. PW/PML 1.27–1.63 (1.37), PW/ EW/PW 1.29–1.59 (1.47), TL/EW 1.74–1.93 (1.83). PSL 1.18–1.44 (1.26), PML/PSL 0.88–0.94 (0.92). Elytra Head densely and irregularly covered with small glossy, oval, strongly convex, widest at middle, densely and punctures; IOI 2.13. Antennae (Fig. 2A) shorter than half of irregularly covered with definite punctures; EL/EW 1.24–1.39 TL; antennomere 11 fan-shaped; approximate ratio of each (1.34). Intercoxal process of mesosternum moderately antennomere (n = 1) as 2.4 : 1.1 : 1.6 : 1.0 : 1.0 : 1.0 : 1.0 : short, wide and carinate. Metasternum distinctly transverse, 1.0 : 1.1 : 1.2 : 1.6. Pronotum (Fig. 4A) transverse, glossy; punctate, pubescent, 1.53 times as long as metacoxal cavity. definite punctures distributed densely and irregularly; anterior Fore trochanter (Fig. 2A) flattened, having a hairy tuft in male; and posterior angles acute; lateral margins rounded in front fore femur widest at basal 2/3; fore tibia (Fig. 2B) setose at
June 15, 2017, JJSE 23 (1) Revision of the genus Lycoperdina from Japan 109 apical 1/3, strongly rounded. Ventrite 5 (Fig. 6A) emarginate H. Yoshitomi leg.
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(3.03) mm, Fore trochanter (Fig. 2E) quadrate; fore femur widest at basal Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Izu Isls. 2/3, 2.00 times as wide as tibiae; fore tibiae (Fig. 2F) setose (Toshima), Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima), Taiwan. at apical 1/3, with tooth in inner margin. Ventrite 5 (Fig. 6E) Biological notes. This is common species in Japan, and rounded at apex. Male genital segment (Fig. 6K) formed by is collected from Lycoperdon gemmatum (Agaricaceae). segment 9 with paired apophyses fused at mid length. This species is distributed in low to middle mountain zone Aedeagus (Fig. 5G–I) strongly sclerotized, stout; AI 2.67. (ca. 250–950 m in altitude). Taniguchi (1942) noted that this Median lobe straight; apex rounded; apical branch short, wide, species was collected from Calvatia craniformis (Agaricaceae) projecting posteriorly. in Kobe, Japan. Hashimoto & Hayashi (2014) reported Female (Fig. 1F). Sexual dimorphism distinct in the that this species was attracted by cantharidin-baited trap. following characteristics: fore legs slender, without tooth in Hayashi et al. (1959: 447) showed the illustrations and short inner margin; ventrite 5 (Fig. 6F) triangular, pointed at apex. description of the larva of this species. Hibernation is occurred PW/PML 1.40–1.504 (1.46), PW/PSL 1.30–1.37 (1.34), in both larvae and adults stages. PML/PSL 0.90–0.98 (0.92), EL/EW 1.43–1.65 (1.53), EL/PL Remarks. This is the first record of this species from Izu 2.94–3.12 (3.01), EW/PW 1.29–1.39 (1.35), TL/EW 1.91–2.18 Isls. (Toshima) and Tsushima. (2.04). Measurements. Male (n = 4). TL 4.01–5.18 (4.60) mm, Lycoperdina mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858 PW 1.50–1.84 (1.67) mm, PML 1.10–1.33 (1.21) mm, PSL (Figs. 1C, F, 2E, F, 3C, 4C, G, 5G–I, 6E, F, K) 1.16–1.39 (1.26) mm, EL 2.91–3.85 (3.39) mm, EW 2.08–2.56 [Japanese name: Seguro-tsuya-tentoudamashi] (2.28) mm. Female (n = 9). TL 3.98–5.08 (4.56) mm, PW 1.48–1.88 (1.67) mm, PML 1.00–1.25 (1.13) mm, PSL Lycoperdina mandarinea Gerstaecker, 1858, 212. 1.10–1.38 (1.23) mm, EL 2.98–3.83 (3.43) mm, EW 2.05–2.50 Gorham, 1887, 642 [note]; Strohecker, 1953, 72 [list]; (2.24) mm. Tomaszewska, 2007, 564 [catalogued]; Shockley et al., Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Izu Isls. (Hachijô- 2009, 54 [list]; Hirano, 2011, 19 [note]; Jung, 2014, 39 jima), Shikoku, Kyushu, Tokara Isls., Amami-Ôshima, [note]. Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima), Korea, China, Hong Kong, Lycoperdina (Golgia) mandarinea: Csiki, 1910, 35, Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Russia, Vietnam. [catalogued]; Ohta, 1931, 225 [noted]; Strohecker, 1970, Biological notes. This species is mainly distributed in 245 [male genitalia]; Sasaji, 1985, 241 [note, photo]. low altitude area (ca 50–150 m in altitude) in Japan, and frequently collected by light trap. Taniguchi (1942) noted Specimens examined. [HONSHU]
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Fig. 7. Adult (A) and larvae (B–F) of Lycoperdina spp. A, C, D, Lycoperdina dux; B, E, F, L. castaneipennis. C– F, Fully expanded specimens of final instar larvae in dorsal (C, E) and lateral (D, F) aspects.
Hirano leg.
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Entomologischen Sammlung zu Berlin. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. Gorham, H. S., 1873. Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of Coleoptera from Japan. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 9: 257–258. Gorham, H. S., 1874. Description of a new Japanese Lycoperdina. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 11: 151. Gorham, H. S., 1887. Revision of the Japanese species of the coleopterous family Endomychidae. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 1887: 642–653. Hashimoto, K. & Hayashi, F., 2014. Cantharidin world in nature: a concealed arthropod assemblage with interactions via the terpenoid cantharidin. Entomological Science, 17: 388–395. Hayashi, N., 1978. [Bibliography of larvae of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) in Japan]. Kenkyu to Hyoron, (21): 30–45. (In Japanese.) Hayashi, N., Fukuda, A., & Kurosa, K., 1959. Coleoptera. Pp. 447–449. Illustrated insect larvae of Japan. Hokuryukan. (In Japanese.) Hirano, Y., 2011. [Notes on the genus Lycoperdina from Japan]. Kanagawa-Chûhô, (175): 19–22. (In Japanese.) Jung, B. H., 2014. Taxonomy of Endomychidae Leach (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) in Korea. Korean Journal of applied entomology, 53 (1): 39–49 Latreille, P. A., 1807. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum Fig. 8. Box plot of the altitude of collecting site of Lycoperdina ordinem naturalem in familia disposita, iconobis exemplisque spp. in Japan. The altitude data were traced from the specimen plurimis explicta. Tomus tertius. Amand Koenig, Parisii et labels. Argentorati. 258 pp. two or three species were collected sympatrically (e.g. L. Mulsant, E., 1846. Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptères de France. Sulcicolles-Securipalpes. Maison, Paris. xxiv + 280 pp., 1 pl. castaneipennis and L. dux in “Shiratsue-san” and “Takanawa- Ohta, Y., 1931. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Endomychiden Japans. san”, L. castaneipennis and L. hiranoi in “Yumoto”, L. dux Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial and L. hiranoi in “Tsuna-onsen” and “Tsunagi-onsen”, L. University, 30: 205–244. castaneipennis, L. dux and L. hiranoi in “Kami-Hinawa”). On Pic, M., 1945. Coléoptères du globe (suite). L’Échange, Revue the other hand, Fig. 8 shows that the distribution of four species Linnéenne, 61: 10–16. is weakly associated with the altitude. However, we cannot find Sasaji, H., 1985. Endomychidae. Pp. 239–242, pl. 39. The that two or more species live in a same mycelium or not. Thus, Coleoptera of Japan in Color, 3. Hoikusha, Osaka. (In Japanese.) a full understanding of the distributional pattern of this genus Shockley, F. W., Tomaszewska, K. W. & McHugh, J. V., 2009. An awaits further sampling and investigation in the field. annotated checklist of the handsome fungus beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Endomychidae). Zootaxa, Acknowledgements 1999: 1–113 Strohecker, H. F., 1953. Coleoptera, Endomychidae. pp. 1–145. We wish to express our deep gratitude to Mr. Y. Hirano In: Wytsman, P. (ed.), Genera Insectorum. Louis Desmet- (Kanagawa), Dr. M. Maruyama (KUMJ), and Dr. T. Kurihara Verteneuil, Bruxelles. (TPMJ) for giving us the chance to examine the precious Strohecker, H. F., 1970. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen materials, and to Mr. H. Kamezawa (Saitama), Dr. K. Konishi von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 225. Endomychidae and Dr. M. Sakai (both EUMJ) for their useful suggestion. (Coleoptera). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 62: 245–247. Taniguchi, K., 1942. Ueber 21 Endomychiden aus Japan, Korea References und Formosa. The Entomological world, 10 (97): 152–163. (In Arrow, G. J., 1920. A contribution to the classification of the Japanese, with German title.) coleopterous family Endomychidae. Transactions of the Tomaszewska, W. K., 2005. Phylogeny and generic classification of Entomological Society of London, 1920: 1–83. the subfamily Lycoperdininae with a re-analysis of the family Arrow, G. J., 1923. Notes on endomychid Coleoptera and descriptions Endomychidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici, of new species in the British Museum. Transactions of the 55: 1–172. Entomological Society of London, 1923: 484–500. Tomaszewska, W. K., 2007. Endomychidae (the remaining Csiki, E., 1910. Pars 12: Fam. Endomychidae. pp. 1–68. In: subfamilies). pp. 559–568. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (eds), Schenkling, S. (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 4. Elateroidea – Gerstaecker, A., 1858. Monographie der Endomychidae, einer Derodontoidea – Bostrichoidea – Lymexyloidea – Cleroidea – Familie der Coleopteren. XIV + 433 p., 3 pls. In: Gerstaecker, Cucujoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. A. (ed.), Entomographien. Abhandlungen im Bereich der Gliederthiere, mit besonderer Benutzung der Koenigl. [Received: April 14, 2017; accepted: May 24, 2017]
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