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Fish Species) Diversity and Also Responsible for the Alternation in the IUCN Status of Barwani District Madhya Pradesh

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Fish Species) Diversity and Also Responsible for the Alternation in the IUCN Status of Barwani District Madhya Pradesh (IJESIR) International Journal of Science and Innovative Research e-ISSN: 2724-3338 2021, 02(06) https://www.ijesir.org Paper id: 0100052IJESIR An anthropogenic activity: The Construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam becomes threatening for the Aqua Fauna (fish species) Diversity and also Responsible for the Alternation in the IUCN status of Barwani District Madhya Pradesh Bholaram Brahamne*, Ajay Badyal, Shriparna Saxena Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture Bu Bhopal-462026 Madhya Pradesh, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 05.05.2021 Our present study reveals that the anthropogenic activity like construction of the dam, Accepted: 20.05.2021 overfishing, induction of exotic species etc. our concern is only due to the construction Final Version: 16.06.2021 of the Sardar Sarovar Dam this construction is made on the river Narmada. The present work is based upon the different seven sites of the river’s western zone of the river Narmada. These sites are S1, S2, S3,…..S7 likewise Site-1 (Khalghat), Site-2 (Rajghat), Site-3 (Chikalda), Site-4 (Bhilkheda), Site-5 (Pichodi), Site-6 (Bijasan), Site-7 ( Morkatta) in these sites the researcher found so many things like the species abundance, its species richness, then but the find very less number of aquatic fauna most of the sites researcher found the many aquatic species was getting threatening due to the *Corresponding Author: construction of this dam led to many problems arise which is totally unethical. Here researcher’s study reveals the diversity of aquatic fauna and his study also reveals the Bholaram Brahamne various management strategies to cope up with these arising issues. Simply, said that it [email protected] creates so many problems in the future for our society. Ajay Badyal Keywords: aquatic fauna, anthropogenic activity, abundance, management strategies. [email protected] Introduction Water is an essential and fundamental component of our life supporting systems as well as for socio- economic development. It is one of the best vital components in supporting the reliability of the natural environment. Among the various natural resources, water is the major renewable resource, being utilized for drinking, irrigation and industrial purpose etc. Water being an important component of all life sustaining processes needs to be managed, developed, and conserved for the wellbeing for all living organisms on the planet earth. Nevertheless, the concerns related to water scarcity are not in isolation, but are inter-connected to various human activities. The main concern in these issues involves the rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization and many others activities which hampers the basic structure of that habitat. Similarly, sometimes the anthropogenic activities will also leads to the loss of the various diversified species such as fishes, reptiles, trout, and many more due to loss in hybrid vigor was being observed, changes in their abundance, productivity and in their number, due to the anthropogenic activity like the construction of dams, catchments areas and channels etc. Copyright © 2021 by Author/s and Licensed by IJESIR-NOVUS Publications Ltd., Italy. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Brahamne et al. / IJESIR-NOVUS, 02(06), 0100052IJESIR Many others researchers/scientists and authors were make very worthwhile contributions in the river basins similarly in the central India which is commonly called as ‘Heart of country’ state works on the diversity of the fishes of the river Narmada near at Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh. They are also working on abundance (Negi. R.K and Mamgain Sheetal; 2013), and various management practices for the conservation of fishes diversity (A, K, Bose et al; 2013) some authors study on the diversity of Icthyological study on this river (Shukla A, Sharma S; 2015) and (Azad Z, Shukla A; 2015) were studied on the conservation status of the fishes in this river. Some times (Verma D, Kanhere RR; 2007) studied on threatens species of fishes. Vyas.V et al; (2006) studies the temporal effect of the fishes on the water body. Many more studies are still going on as similarly, our studies will also brings some positive results which directly favors’ the society in great. Material and Methods Study Area Our research area was selected at the banks of the river Narmada for the study of the duration of the time period from July 2016 to June 2019 this river is considered as the prominent river originating from Amarkhantak hills. It is considered as the life line of the person but due to the emerging demands of the people will creating many adversities that affected the aquatic life of the river. Then the researcher taken the seven sites viz; seven sampling stations (Ghats) were Khalghat, Rajghat, Chikhalda, Bhilkheda, Pichodi, Bijasanan and Morkatta which are located at a distance of total 100 km from the Barwani disrict. Fish species were collected with the help of local fishermen and the tribal people at various locations. The collected specimens were preserved in 5% formalin and identification was done with the help of literature Day (1878) and Jayaram (1981) and the aquatic parameters was also calculated by the advance instruments. Data collection & analysis The all the data was collected from the different sites from the river Narmada. The researcher collected the samples of the different fishes form the selected sites and also studies the diversity of the fishes from the selected sites for the continuous two years long studies the biotic index, physico-chemical parameters of the river water. He was doing the fish diversity by implicating the Shannon (1948) diversity index. After doing this, he also do some management practices on the basis of the construction of this structure. He will impart the valuable suggestions to the society of the fish farmers which were locally residing along with the banks of the river Narmada. 14 Brahamne et al. / International Journal of Science and Innovative Research-Novus, 02(06), 0100052IJESIR Quality of water parameters estimation in selected sites The water parameters were examined by researcher among all the sites of the river Narmada using the Biosol. Along with these the fish abundance were also examined by using the manual method using the formula these are:- Analysis of data The data were analyzed through one way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test using MSTAT to find out the significant differences among all the selected experimental sites. Results and Discussion During the present study investigation, different fish species found abundant in one site of the river and rest from all the sites researcher never found the fish species as he got form the first site i.e. khalgaht during all the season i.e. summer winter and monsoon seasons having quarterly examined for the consecutive three year i.e. 2016 & 2019. The result showed that the area is rich in fish diversity with 36 species till now earlier it was 57 fish species were found order Cyprinidae found more number of fishes .i.e. 20, order Siliuriformis are 12 species consist of 5 families and 10 genera and we found least in the order like perciformis 03 in number having 2 families and 03 genera. But rest from all the sites the number of fish were very less 01 I found in the order Osteoglossiformis. (Table: 1.1) depicted the total number of orders, families and genras. Fig: - 01 shows the fish species orders wise and Fig: -02 depicting the percentage wise distribution of the fish species were depicting in the family Cyprinidae (56%) and bagridae (22%) were considered as dominant family overall the others while others as siluridae that shows us (8%) while family notopetridae, pangasiidae and ambassidae (3%) were considered as least this distribution was recorded our three years record in the form of pie-chart. Moreover not only this decline in the aquatic fauna (fish species diversity) was also observed the steep decline in the IUCN status due to this construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada in the three consecutive years w.e.f. 2016-2019 among all the seasons viz. summer, monsoon and winter seasons (Table-1.3) the species was depicting the IUCN conservation status of the fishes there was used some terms like MA- most available 7 with 14%, LC- Least count 3 with 6%, MLC- more less count 8 with 16%, LeC- least count 9 with 18%, NT- not threatened 8 with 16, and ExN- extinct not count species 15 with 30% . there area amany graphically presentations of the number and percentage of fish guild (Fig :3 and Fig: 4) while fig:- 5 and Fig:- 6 was depicting the different tropic feeding 15 Brahamne et al. / IJESIR-NOVUS, 02(06), 0100052IJESIR guild of fresh water fishes. Fig: 7 and Fig: 8. In these Researcher depicting the number and percentage of IUCN conservation status of the fishes and also find the fishes uses by the humans like the ornamental-O, A- aquaculture, C- commercial, MC- minor commercial, G- game fish, NI- not interest, feeding guilds (H,O,C) like species. Then every fish species were having its own diversity in order and their percentage similarly the researcher finds the number of family species and their percentage too in the diagrammatically form as given in the last (after references) in the form of figures. It is very important to apply community based various approaches to harness of aquatic resources by constructing the various constructions like dams should be constructed by keeping the diversity alive in nature. Acknowledgement: - This is to acknowledged the highly privileged to express my sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. Shriaparna Saxsena and my friend Ajay Badyal Ph.D.
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