Alps the Role of the Periadriatic Line in the Tectonic Evolution of The
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The Structure of the Alps: an Overview 1 Institut Fiir Geologie Und Paläontologie, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
Carpathian-Balkan Geological pp. 7-24 Salzburg Association, XVI Con ress Wien, 1998 The structure of the Alps: an overview F. Neubauer Genser Handler and W. Kurz \ J. 1, R. 1 2 1 Institut fiir Geologie und Paläontologie, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. 2 Institut fiir Geologie und Paläontologie, Heinrichstr. 26, A-80 10 Graz, Austria Abstract New data on the present structure and the Late Paleozoic to Recent geological evolution ofthe Eastem Alps are reviewed mainly in respect to the distribution of Alpidic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, metamorphic overprints and the corresponding structure. Following these data, the Alps as a whole, and the Eastem Alps in particular, are the result of two independent Alpidic collisional orogens: The Cretaceous orogeny fo rmed the present Austroalpine units sensu lato (including from fo otwall to hangingwall the Austroalpine s. str. unit, the Meliata-Hallstatt units, and the Upper Juvavic units), the Eocene-Oligocene orogeny resulted from continent continent collision and overriding of the stable European continental lithosphere by the Austroalpine continental microplate. Consequently, a fundamental difference in present-day structure of the Eastem and Centrai/Westem Alps resulted. Exhumation of metamorphic crust fo rmed during Cretaceous and Tertiary orogenies resulted from several processes including subvertical extrusion due to lithospheric indentation, tectonic unroofing and erosional denudation. Original paleogeographic relationships were destroyed and veiled by late Cretaceous sinistral shear, and Oligocene-Miocene sinistral wrenching within Austroalpine units, and subsequent eastward lateral escape of units exposed within the centrat axis of the Alps along the Periadriatic fault system due to the indentation ofthe rigid Southalpine indenter. -
The Tectonic and Rheological Evolution of An
The tectonic and rheological evolution of an attenuated cross section of the continental crust: Ivrea crustal section, southern Alps, northwestern Italy and southern Switzerland M. R. HANDY Geologisches Institut, Universität Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland A. ZINGG Geologisches Institut, Universität Basel Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel Switzerland ABSTRACT The tectonic and rheological evolution of the southern Alpine The Ivrea crustal cross section in northwestern Italy and southern continental crust is reconstructed from structural, petrological, and Switzerland (Fig. 1) is an excellent area to test geophysical models of the radiometric studies in the Ivrea and Strona-Ceneri basement units. continental crust. The section actually consists of two basement units, the The deep crust of the southern Alps acquired its present compositional Ivrea zone and the Strona-Ceneri zone, which represent thinned lower to and metamorphic zonation during Paleozoic magmatism and amphib- intermediate continental crust of the southern Alps (reviews in Zingg, olite-to granulite-facies regional metamorphism. Inferred strength con- 1983; Boriani and Origoni Giobbi, 1984; Zingg and others, 1990). The trasts between lower crustal and upper mantle rocks in the Ivrea zone Permian-Mesozoic sedimentary cover of the Strona-Ceneri zone crops out are low at the high temperatures of regional metamorphism. Late to the south of the basement section (Fig. 1). The history of the Ivrea and Paleozoic transtension and basic to intermediate magmatism in all Strona-Ceneri zones is loosely subdivided into three tectonometamorphic crustal levels preceded extensional faulting associated with the forma- episodes (Fig. 2). Large-scale magmatism and regional metamorphism tion of a passive continental margin during early Mesozoic time. -
Figures Are Shown in Italics; Tables in Bold Accretion 307 Accretion Wedge
Index Figures are shown in italics; tables in bold accretion 307 geochemistry 10–18 accretion wedge 132, 189, 286, 330 geodynamics 32–36 Apennine 421, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433 intrusive history 28–32 actinolite 290 lithology 6 Adriatic (Apulian) Plate 5–36, 134, 146, 157, 403 magmatic evolution 9–18 Adula nappe 4, 264, 266–271 metamorphic age 7–9 deformation 377–383 metamorphism 18–28 lithology and structure 369–371 age 27–28 petrology 371–377 Alpine 35–36 Tertiary subduction 365–387 pre-Alpine 23–27 age data 2, 8, 9, 70 structural evolution 18–28 Austroalpine basement 14–17,27 post-collision 28–32 Carpathians 103–106 Avalonia 5 Rieserferner pluton 29 Tauern Window 94–97 backthrust 425, 430 age of deformation backthrusting 252, 253, 274, 365, 367, 368 Dinarides 353–354 Barrovian metamorphism (HT metamorphism) 371, Monte Rosa nappe 265–266 373–377, 394, 396 Valstrona di Omega 46, 48, 54, 59–61, 62 basalt, sub-greenschist facies 298–300 age of magmatic rock–suite 12–13 biostratigraphy 335–359 age of metamorphism 424 bituminite reflectance 285, 294, 295 age, nannofossil 337–339, 348, 350 blueschist 118, 120, 128, 129, 134, 424, 400 age, petrology and isotopic age 117–136 Carpathians 101, 104, 105, 106, 110 age, Eocene–Miocene revised 335–359 boudinage 50, 52, 53 Ahorn shear zone 199–204, 206–216 Brenner Fault 197, 214 Ahrntal Fault 199, 214 Brianc¸onnais ALCAPA see Alpine–Carpathian–Pannonian unit basement 400, 401 Alpine Austroalpine–Penninic suture 8 metamorphism 125, 129 Alpine deformation phases 211 subduction 132, 136, 383 Alpine Tethys -
Ivrea Mantle Wedge, Arc of the Western Alps, and Kinematic Evolution of the Alps–Apennines Orogenic System
Swiss J Geosci DOI 10.1007/s00015-016-0237-0 Ivrea mantle wedge, arc of the Western Alps, and kinematic evolution of the Alps–Apennines orogenic system 1 1 1 2 Stefan M. Schmid • Eduard Kissling • Tobias Diehl • Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen • Giancarlo Molli3 Received: 6 June 2016 / Accepted: 9 December 2016 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2017 Abstract The construction of five crustal-scale profiles related to the lateral indentation of the Ivrea mantle slice across the Western Alps and the Ivrea mantle wedge towards WNW by some 100–150 km. (4) The final stage of integrates up-to-date geological and geophysical informa- arc formation (25–0 Ma) is associated with orogeny in the tion and reveals important along strike changes in the Apennines leading to oroclinal bending in the southern- overall structure of the crust of the Western Alpine arc. most Western Alps in connection with the 50° counter- Tectonic analysis of the profiles, together with a review of clockwise rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block and the the existing literature allows for proposing the following Ligurian Alps. Analysis of existing literature data on the multistage evolution of the arc of the Western Alps: (1) Alps–Apennines transition zone reveals that substantial exhumation of the mantle beneath the Ivrea Zone to shal- parts of the Northern Apennines formerly suffered Alpine- low crustal depths during Mesozoic is a prerequisite for the type shortening associated with an E-dipping Alpine sub- formation of a strong Ivrea mantle wedge whose strength duction zone and were backthrusted to the NE during exceeds that of surrounding mostly quartz-bearing units, Apenninic orogeny that commences in the Oligocene. -
Kinematics and Extent of the Piemont-Liguria Basin
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-161 Preprint. Discussion started: 8 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Kinematics and extent of the Piemont-Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps Eline Le Breton1, Sascha Brune2,3, Kamil Ustaszewski4, Sabin Zahirovic5, Maria Seton5, R. Dietmar Müller5 5 1Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany 2Geodynamic Modelling Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Germany 3Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany 4Institute for Geological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany 10 5EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Correspondence to: Eline Le Breton ([email protected]) Abstract. Assessing the size of a former ocean, of which only remnants are found in mountain belts, is challenging but crucial to understand subduction and exhumation processes. Here we present new constraints on the opening and width of the Piemont- Liguria (PL) Ocean, known as the Alpine Tethys together with the Valais Basin. We use a regional tectonic reconstruction of 15 the Western Mediterranean-Alpine area, implemented into a global plate motion model with lithospheric deformation, and 2D thermo-mechanical modelling of the rifting phase to test our kinematic reconstructions for geodynamic consistency. Our model fits well with independent datasets (i.e. ages of syn-rift sediments, rift-related fault activity and mafic rocks) and shows that the PL Basin opened in four stages: (1) Rifting of the proximal continental margin in Early Jurassic (200-180 Ma), (2) Hyper- extension of the distal margin in Early-Middle Jurassic (180-165 Ma), (3) Ocean-Continent Transition (OCT) formation with 20 mantle exhumation and MORB-type magmatism in Middle-Late Jurassic (165-154 Ma), (4) Break-up and “mature” oceanic spreading mostly in Late Jurassic (154-145 Ma). -
Geologic Map of the Southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northwestern Italy
•usGsscience for a changing world Geologic Map of the Southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northwestern Italy By James E. Quick,1 Silvano Sinigoi,2 Arthur W. Snoke,3 Thomas J. Kalakay,3 Adriano Mayer,2 and Gabriella Peressini2·4 Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series Map I- 2776 1U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192- 0002. 2Uni versita di Trieste, via Weiss 8, 341 27 Trieste, ltalia. 3Uni versity of Wyoming, Larami e, WY 8207 1- 3006. 4Max-Planck-lnstitut ft.ir Chemi e, J.J. Becherweg 27, 55 128 Mainz, Germany. 2003 U.S. Department of the Interi or U.S. Geological Survey COVER: View of the Ponte della Gula, an ancient bridge spanning the Torrente Mastellone approximately 2 kilometers north of the village of Varallo. Diorite of Valsesia crops out beneath the bridge. Photograph by ADstudia, Silvana Ferraris, photographer, Pizza Calderini, 3-13019 Varallo Sesia ([email protected]) INTRODUCTION REGIONAL SETTING The intrusion of mantle-derived magma into the deep conti The Ivrea-Verbano Zone (fig. 1) is a tectonically bounded sliver nental crust, a process commonly referred to as magmatic of plutonic and high-temperature, high-pressure metamorphic underplating, is thought to be important in shaping crustal com rocks in the southern Alps of northwestern Italy (Mehnert, position and structure. However, most evidence for this process 1975; Fountain, 1976). To the northwest, it is faulted against is indirect. High P-wave velocities and seismic-reflection profiles the basement of the Austro-Alpine Domain by the lnsubric Line, reveal that much of the deep continental crust is dense and a major suture zone that separates the European and Apulian strongly layered, consistent with the presence of layered mafic plates (Schmid and others, 1987; Nicolas and others, 1990). -
Crystallographic Preferred Orientations of Exhumed
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Crystallographic preferred orientations of exhumed subduction channel rocks from the Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps, Austria), and implications on rock elastic anisotropies at great depths Ruth Keppler, Klaus Ullemeyer, Jan H. Behrmann, Michael Stipp, Robert M. Kurzawski, Tomas Lokaj´ıˇcek PII: S0040-1951(15)00089-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.011 Reference: TECTO 126550 To appear in: Tectonophysics Received date: 14 October 2014 Revised date: 25 January 2015 Accepted date: 15 February 2015 Please cite this article as: Keppler, Ruth, Ullemeyer, Klaus, Behrmann, Jan H., Stipp, Michael, Kurzawski, Robert M., Lokaj´ıˇcek, Tomas, Crystallographic preferred orienta- tions of exhumed subduction channel rocks from the Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps, Austria), and implications on rock elastic anisotropies at great depths, Tectonophysics (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.011 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Crystallographic preferred orientations of exhumed subduction channel rocks from the Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps, Austria), and implications on rock elastic anisotropies at great depths Ruth Keppler (1), Klaus Ullemeyer (1), Jan H. Behrmann (2), Michael Stipp (2), Robert M. -
Revealing Exhumation of the Central Alps During the Early Oligocene by Detrital Zircon U–Pb Age and Fission-Track Double Datin
Research Collection Journal Article Revealing exhumation of the central Alps during the Early Oligocene by detrital zircon U-Pb age and fission-track double dating in the Taveyannaz Formation Author(s): Lu, Gang; Fellin, Maria Giuditta; Winkler, Wilfried; Rahn, Meinert; Guillong, Marcel; von Quadt, Albrecht; Willett, Sean D. Publication Date: 2020-10 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000431273 Originally published in: International Journal of Earth Sciences 109(7), http://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01910-z Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library International Journal of Earth Sciences (2020) 109:2425–2446 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01910-z ORIGINAL PAPER Revealing exhumation of the central Alps during the Early Oligocene by detrital zircon U–Pb age and fssion‑track double dating in the Taveyannaz Formation Gang Lu1,2 · Maria Giuditta Fellin1 · Wilfried Winkler1 · Meinert Rahn3 · Marcel Guillong1 · Albrecht von Quadt1 · Sean D. Willett1 Received: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 / Published online: 31 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The late Eocene-to-early Oligocene Taveyannaz Formation is a turbidite series deposited in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (close to the Alpine orogenic front). Double dating of zircons with the fssion-track and the U–Pb methods is applied on samples from the Taveyannaz Formation to reconstruct the exhumation history of the Central-Western Alps and to under- stand the syn-collisional magmatism along the Periadriatic lineament. -
Jurassic Carbonatite and Alkaline Magmatism in the Ivrea Zone (European Alps) Related to the Breakup of Pangea A
https:// doi .org /10 .1130 /G45678 .1 Manuscript received 12 June 2018 Revised manuscript received 13 December 2018 Manuscript accepted 14 December 2018 © 2019 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Published online 18 January 2019 Jurassic carbonatite and alkaline magmatism in the Ivrea zone (European Alps) related to the breakup of Pangea A. Galli, D. Grassi, G. Sartori, O. Gianola, J.-P. Burg, and M.W. Schmidt Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Sonnegstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland ABSTRACT GEOLOGICAL SETTING We report on pipe-like bodies and dikes of carbonate rocks related The Ivrea zone and Serie dei Laghi (Fig. 1) show a complete conti- to sodic alkaline intrusions and amphibole mantle peridotites in the nental crustal section. In the lower crust, Permian gabbros intruded parag- Ivrea zone (European Southern Alps). The carbonate rocks have bulk neisses, marbles, and amphibolites; at shallower levels, Permian granitoids trace-element concentrations typical of low–rare earth element car- intruded gneisses, whereas acidic volcanic rocks extruded at the surface bonatites interpreted as cumulates of carbonatite melts. Faintly zoned (Quick et al., 2009). Lenses of mantle peridotite occur within the gabbros. zircons from these carbonate rocks contain calcite inclusions and have Peridotites exhibit amphibole-, apatite-, carbonate-, or phlogopite-rich trace-element compositions akin to those of carbonatite zircons. Laser domains, pyroxenites, hornblendites, and gabbro dikes, and dunite, weh- ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon rlite, and chromitite bands (e.g., Zanetti et al., 1999). Geochronological dating yields concordant ages of 187 ± 2.4 and 192 ± 2.5 Ma, coeval data (e.g., Grieco et al., 2001) and the spread in Sr and Nd bulk isotope with sodic alkaline magmatism in the Ivrea zone. -
Kinematics and Extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – Implications for Subduction Processes in the Alps
Solid Earth, 12, 885–913, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Kinematics and extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps Eline Le Breton1, Sascha Brune2,3, Kamil Ustaszewski4, Sabin Zahirovic5, Maria Seton5, and R. Dietmar Müller5 1Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2Geodynamic Modelling Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany 3Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany 4Institute for Geological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany 5EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Correspondence: Eline Le Breton ([email protected]) Received: 18 September 2020 – Discussion started: 8 October 2020 Revised: 3 March 2021 – Accepted: 5 March 2021 – Published: 21 April 2021 Abstract. Assessing the size of a former ocean of which only 84–35 Ma, 260 km between 35–0 Ma), which greatly exceeds remnants are found in mountain belts is challenging but cru- the width of the ocean. We suggest that at least 63 % of the cial to understanding subduction and exhumation processes. subducted and accreted material was highly thinned conti- Here we present new constraints on the opening and width nental lithosphere and most of the Alpine Tethys units ex- of the Piemont–Liguria (PL) Ocean, known as the Alpine humed today derived from OCT zones. Our work highlights Tethys together with the Valais Basin. We use a regional tec- the significant proportion of distal rifted continental margins tonic reconstruction of the Western Mediterranean–Alpine involved in subduction and exhumation processes and pro- area, implemented into a global plate motion model with vides quantitative estimates for future geodynamic modeling lithospheric deformation, and 2D thermo-mechanical mod- and a better understanding of the Alpine Orogeny. -
Facies and Late Triassic Fossils in the Roisan Zone, Austroalpine Dent Blanche and Mt Mary-Cervino Nappe System, NW Alps
Swiss J Geosci (2016) 109:69–81 DOI 10.1007/s00015-016-0207-6 Facies and Late Triassic fossils in the Roisan zone, Austroalpine Dent Blanche and Mt Mary-Cervino nappe system, NW Alps 1 1 2 3 Gloria Ciarapica • Leonsevero Passeri • Franco Bonetto • Giorgio Vittorio Dal Piaz Received: 11 August 2015 / Accepted: 7 January 2016 / Published online: 12 February 2016 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2016 Abstract The Roisan zone is a metamorphic cover unit Roisan zone could have been deposited in a more distal exposed along the ductile shear zone between the Dent area. Blanche s.s. and Mont Mary-Cervino Upper Austroalpine outliers, Aosta Valley, north-western Italian Alps. It is Keywords Austroalpine covers Á Sedimentology Á characterized by the occurrence of dolostones, pure mar- Stratigraphy Á Foraminifers Á Dasycladales bles, marbles with quartz, calcirudites and ophiolite-free calcschists. Locally, dolostones preserve alternances of thick massive beds and thinner levels of planar stromato- 1 Introduction lites and other sedimentary structures and textures typical of a carbonate platform. In Mt Grand Pays they contain The Roisan zone is the most extended sedimentary cover unit Dasycladales and foraminifers referable to the Norian. Pure associated to the Austroalpine Dent Blanche and Sesia– marbles and marbles with quartz grains are tentatively Lanzo nappe system, the upper part of the subduction-related referred to the end of Triassic–Early Jurassic, thin-bedded collisional wedge in the northwestern Alps. As shown in marbles and calcirudites to the Early and Middle Jurassic, Fig. 1, classic Argand’s (1908, 1909) Dent Blanche fold- calcschists from Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. -
Insights from the Permian in the Western Alps
Timing of crustal melting and magma emplacement at different depths: insights from the Permian in the Western Alps Paola Manzotti1, Florence Bégué2, Barbara Kunz3, Daniela Rubatto2,4, Alexey Ulianov2 Universities of Stockholm1, Lausanne2, Milton Keynes3, Bern4 • During the late Palaeozoic, lithospheric thinning in the future Alpine realm caused high- temperature low-to medium pressure metamorphism and partial melting in the lower crust. Permian metamorphism and magmatism are extensively preserved in the Alps (Schuster & Stüwe 2008). • In the Western Alps, Adria-derived slices of continental crust (e.g. Sesia-Dent Blanche nappes) preserve evidence for Permian magmatism and metamorphism. The Dent Blanche nappe displays the best preserved example of Permian magmatism and metamorphism in the Alpine nappe stack in the Western Alps. • This contribution will present an overview on the age and regional distribution of Permian magmatism and metamorphism in the Western Alps and will detail some exceptional examples from the Dent Blanche nappe. • The results will be compared with existing data from the Southern, Central and Eastern Alps and will be used to discuss the Permian evolution in the future Alpine realm. The Arolla Unit in the Dent Blanche is a fragment of upper continental crust, mostly consisting of Permian intrusive bodies (granitoids, diorite and gabbro) that were metamorphosed at upper greenschist facies conditions and deformed into orthogneisses during the Alpine evolution. Undeformed volumes during the Alpine orogeny nicely preserve the Permian structures. Mont Morion biotite-bearing granite (Dent Blanche) cut by a composite dyke. The dyke displays mingling between coexisting felsic and mafic magma. Undeformed coarse-grained gabbro from the Monte Cervino (Dent Blanche).