First Record of the Larger Black Flour Beetle (Cynaeus Angustus)

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 25(2): 291–294 27 DECEMBER 2016

First record of the larger black flour beetle (Cynaeus angustus) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Russia, with a review of its North American and trans-continental expansion Первая находка жука-чернотелки Cynaeus angustus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) в России с обзором его североамериканской и трансконтинентальной экспансии

YA.N. KOVALENKO*, A.N. DROGVALENKO & R.A. KHRYAPIN

Я.Н. КОВАЛЕНКО, А.Н. ДРОГВАЛЕНКО, Р.А. ХРЯПИН

Ya.N. Kovalenko, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskiy prosp., 119071 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] A.N. Drogvalenko, Museum of Nature of Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected] R.A. Khryapin, Moscow City Centre of Disinfection, 9 Jaroslavskoe Rte, Moscow 129337, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

The larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte, 1851), is recorded from Russia (Belgorod Province) for the first time. It is also first recorded in the literature from Ukraine (Lugansk and Kharkov Provinces), known previously from the Kharkov Province from the record in the Internet. Its economic importance, historical and contemporary distribution are discussed. Впервые для России указывается жук-чернотелка Cynaeus angustus (LeConte, 1851). Этот вид также впервые указывается в литературе для Украины (Луганская и Харьковская области); ранее он был известен из Харьковской области по информации в Интернете. Обсуждаются его хозяйственное значение, а также географическое распространение в исторической ретроспективе и современный ареал. Key words: invasion, invader, Russia, Ukraine, Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Cynaeus Ключевые слова: инвазия, адвентивный вид, Россия, Украина, Coleoptera, Tenebrioni- dae, Cynaeus

INTRODUCTION the Internet) from Ukraine, with a review of the history of spreading of the species be- The larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus yond the native area, as well as it harmful- angustus (LeConte, 1851), is a beetle of the ness. family Tenebrionidae of North American origin that nowadays is spread beyond its na- MATERIALS AND METHODS tive continent. It is known as a pest of grain crops and other plant products. The article The examined material is deposited presents the first record of C. angustus from in the collection of Museum of Nature of Russia and the first records of this species in Kharkov National University (KUMN), the literature (previously available only in the collection of All-Russian Plant Quaran- tine Centre (VNIIKR) and the private col- *Corresponding author. lection of R.A. Khryapin (CRK).

Order COLEOPTERA eral Canadian provinces in the north. Fur- thermore, there was an incident of trans- Family TENEBRIONIDAE continental transportation in 1964, when a Subfamily DIAPERINAE heavily infested shipment of tobacco, origi- nating from the state of Georgia (USA), Genus Cynaeus LeConte, 1862 was detected in the seaport of Dublin (Ire- Cynaeus angustus (LeConte, 1851) land) (Dunkel et al., 1982; Soldati & Godi- nat, 2013); however, that incident has not Material examined. Ukraine: Lugansk Prov.: led to the invasion of Europe by the species. Slavyanoserbsk Distr., 33 km NW of Lugan- sk, Trokhizbenka Vill., at light, 1.VIII.2012, Active dispersal of C. angustus outside S.V. Konovalov, 1 specimen (KUMN); same its natural range is apparently due to the locality, 28.IV.2013, S.V. Konovalov, 1 speci- ability of the species to develop in agricul- men (KUMN); same locality, 1.VI.2014, S.V. tural products and by-products. The larger Konovalov, 6 specimens (KUMN); Kharkov black flour beetle infests many kinds of plant Prov.: Volchansk Distr., 7 km N Staryi Saltiv, materials, such as corn (the most preferred Rubezhnoe Vill. environs, at light, 25.VIII.2012, medium), wheat, soya beans, sorghum, Yu.A. Guglya, 1 specimen (KUMN); Chu- barley, oats, as well as tobacco, dry fruits, guev Distr., Eskhar Vill. environs, “Dachi” sta- etc. (Dunkel et al., 1982). Additionally, tion, under bark of dead elm, 49°47´58.36´Ń 36°37´23.74´É, 9.X.2013, B.M. Loboda, 1 speci- C. angustus is able to develop, sometimes men (KUMN). Russia: Belgorod Prov.: Belgorod en masse, on the industrial waste of plant Distr., Pulyaevka Vill., in home and at light, origin, such as that of cotton production 50°27´06.9´Ń 36°39´40.5´É, 18–19.VI.2016, (Nansen et al., 2008). Moreover, the larger R.A. Khryapin, 1 male (VNIIKR) and 1 female black flour beetle, which originally used to (CRK), new record. inhabit deserts, exhibited major ecological Distribution. North America, introduced flexibility, when it colonised new habitats in to Europe and Thailand. the Eastern and Northern United States and Discussion. Cynaeus angustus was de- South Canada, successfully developing un- scribed in the middle of the 19th century der the bark of trees and shrubs in the forest from the Colorado Desert, which is a part zone (Dunkel et al., 1982). These facts sug- of the Sonoran Desert (North America). gest the lack of certain trophic specificity in Its natural range is within the Sonoran C. angustus, which, as in many other cases and Chihuahuan Deserts (Southwestern of detritophagy, can be attributed to special- USA and Northwestern Mexico), where ized symbiotic intestinal microflora, which the beetles were collected in various decay- allows the beetles to utilise such broad spec- ing plant matter, mainly in rotting cactuses trum of plant materials (Paulian, 1988). (family Cactaceae) and other succulent The first article on finding C. angustus plant remains (Agave spp., Yucca spp. etc.), in the continental Europe was published in which are characteristic of the North Amer- 1989, based on material collected in Swe- ican desert flora (Ferro et al., 2013; Dunkel den in 1988 (Andersson & Ferrer, 1989). It et al., 1982). Prior to early 20th century, the was subsequently recognized as misidentifi- species was unknown outside its natural cation of another Cynaeus species, namely distribution area. C. depressus Horn, 1870. Correctly identi- The first records of C. angustus in USA fied C. angustus specimens were collected outside the Southwestern states are from in Sweden a little later, in 1989 (Ferrer & the 1920s and 1930s (Dunkel et al., 1982). Andersson, 2002 a, 2002b). More recently it In the following decades, the larger black was recorded in Finland (Ferrer & Anders- flour beetle had massively extended distri- son, 2002b), Germany (Reibnitz & Scha- bution eastwards and northwards, reaching waller, 2006) and France (Denux & Zagat- the North American eastern coast and sev- ti, 2010; Soldati, 2007; Soldati & Godinat,

2013). Additionally, there are published re- injuriousness to agriculture in Russia and cords of the species from Thailand (Delobel Ukraine as it exhibits in North America. & Tran, 1993). Here C. angustus is recorded from Russia (Belgorod Province) for the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS first time and first recorded in the litera- We are grateful to O. Merkl (Budapest, Hun- ture from Ukraine (Lugansk and Kharkov gary) and L.V. Egorov (Cheboksary, Russia) for provinces) [an unpublished record from the their valuable comments on the manuscript, and Kharkov Province in Ukraine is available to V.V. Proklov (London, United Kingdom) for in the Internet (Loboda, 2013a, 2013b)]. translation of the text. This study was support- The locality of C. angustus in Russia is only ed by the Russian Science Foundation, project approximately 30 km away from one of the No. 16-14-10031. localities in Ukraine (Rubezhnoe village REFERENCES environs in Kharkov region), since Khar- kov and Belgorod provinces lie on opposite Andersson B. & Ferrer J. 1989. Svartbaggen sides of Russian-Ukrainian border. Cynaeus angustatus funnen i Sverige Cynaeus angustus is of a significant eco- [The first Swedish record of Cynaeus an- nomic importance (Dunkel et al., 1982). gustatus (LeConte, 1851) (Coleoptera, Te- For example, in Minnesota the larger black nebrionidae)]. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 110: flour beetle is considered a major pest of 116–117. (In Swedish). Barak A.V., Dunkel F.V. & Harein P.K. 1981. stored corn (Barak et al., 1981). There are Emergence of the larger black flour beetle as published records when C. angustus bred en a major pest of farm-stored grain in Minne- masse on cotton production waste, with the sota. Journal of Economic Entomology, 74(6): resulting beetles entering houses and pub- 726–729. lic buildings on a large scale, probably at- Delobel A. & Tran M. 1993. Les Coléoptères des tracted by light, causing serious discomfort denrées alimentaires entreposées dans les ré- to the local residents (Nansen et al., 2008). gions chaudes. Faune tropicale, XXXII. Paris: As reported by Soldati & Godinat (2013), Orstom. 425 p. Denux O. & Zagatti P. 2010. Coleoptera fami- C. angustus has similar habits in Europe: lies other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae there are numerous reports of beetles in and sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and around human habitations. Cynaeus angus- Coccinellidae. Chapter 8.5. In: Roques A., tus is considered a quarantine pest in sev- Kenis M., Lees D., Lopez-Vaamonde C., eral countries, such as Australia and New Rabitsch W., Rasplus J.-Y. & Roy D. (Eds). Zealand (Ikin et al., 1999; MAF Biosecurity Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioR- New Zealand, 2010). In order to keep its isk, 4(1): 315–406. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers. numbers under control, even biological and Dunkel F.V., Barak A.V. & Harein P.K. 1982. biochemical means have been developed, Geographical distribution of Cynaeus angustus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) based on use of certain enzyme inhibitors and its association with stored products. in its larvae (Oppert et al., 2006), or using Journal of Biogeography, 9(4): 345–352. the pathogenic nematode Steinernema car- Ferrer J. & Andersson B. 2002a. Species of Cy- pocapsae (Weiser) (Nansen et al., 2013) or naeus found in Sweden and Finland, with a the microsporidian Nosema cynaea Krall note on the identity between Cynaeus de- (Krall, 1950). pressus (Horn, 1870) and Cynaeus opacus We can expect further expansion and (Champion, 1886) syn. conf. (Coleoptera, naturalisation of C. angustus in Eastern Tenebrionidae, Diaperini). Entomofauna, 23(12): 145–148. Europe, as was the case in Scandinavia Ferrer J. & Andersson B. 2002b. Förväxling and Western Europe; it is likely to expand av arterna i släktet Cynaeus Leconte, 1866, its range eastwards and naturalise in the i Sverige och Finland (Coleoptera, Tenebrio- Asian part of Russia. Additionally, it may nidae) [Mix-up of the species of the genus well start to exercise the same degree of Cynaeus Leconte, 1866, in Sweden and Fin-

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