DOCSLIB.ORG

Temporal Determinants of Fungal Community Assembly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Temporal Determinants of Fungal Community Assembly TEMPORAL DETERMINANTS OF FUNGAL COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Devin R. Leopold May 2017 © 2017 by Devin Robert Leopold. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/kj190rg6492 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Tadashi Fukami, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Erin Mordecai I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Kabir Peay I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Peter Vitousek Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost for Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Fungi play key roles in terrestrial ecosystems, driving many biogeochemical processes and influencing the structure of plant and animal communities as mutualists and pathogens. The fungal kingdom is also taxonomically and functionally diverse, and efforts to understand what determines fungal species composition in ecological communities are motivated by the functional consequences of fungal community assembly. Recent advances in DNA sequencing-based microbial community profiling have facilitated rapid advances in the study of fungal community ecology. However, the factors that determine the outcome of community assembly are not static through time, and factors related to the temporal scale of fungal community assembly remain poorly defined. In this dissertation I explore two temporal determinants of fungal community assembly, ecosystem age and species arrival order. First, I explore the effect of ecosystem age using an observational study of the fungi associated with the roots of an ericaceous plant, Vaccinium calycinum, across a 4.1 myr soil chronosequence in Hawaii. I show that soil development promotes greater diversity in ericaceous root-associated fungal communities and that soil-age related nutrient limitation facilitates colonization of ericaceous roots by a greater diversity of non- mycorrhizal fungi in both young and old soils. Second, I use a laboratory microcosm study of V. calycinum root-associated fungi to show that fungal species pools from older ecosystems include species that are more likely to coexist within the roots of a single seedling. Finally, I use a community of wood-decomposing fungi in a microcosm experiment to show that the interactive effects of top-down (grazing) and bottom-up (nutrient availability) forces determine the importance of immigration history (i.e., priority effects) for community composition and function. Taken together these results demonstrate that temporal processes occurring at both short and long time scales can be important determinants of fungal community assembly. iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank Tadashi Fukami for encouraging me to pursue a PhD at Stanford and for being an outstanding advisor and friend throughout the process. My committee members, Erin Mordecai, Kabir Peay, and Peter Vitousek, have each provided important feedback and assistance at various points along the way. Kabir, in particular, has contributed a significant amount of his time and resources, for which I am grateful. The entire Fukami Lab and Stanford community has always made me feel welcomed, despite my infrequent trips to campus. Specifically, Holly Moeller, Matt Knope, Marie-Pierre Gauthier, and Rachel Vannette all helped me grow as a scientist and became good friends along the way. This work was supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation, The American Society of Naturalists, and the Mycological Society of America. Laboratory space and other resources were generously provided Michael Shintaku and Anne Veillet, at the University of Hawaii, Hilo, Scott Gibb, at the USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, and Christian Giardina, at the USFS, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Finally, and most importantly, I have to thank my family for their support and encouragement. Christina Leopold has supported me in countless ways and her confidence in my success has often been greater than my own. Her contribution to this dissertation is immeasurable. My son, Nico Leopold, who was born during the second year of my PhD, has provided much needed distraction from my work, as well as renewed motivation for success. Lastly, I am fortunate to have parents, Karen and Robert Leopold, who have always encouraged me to pursue my interests freely and worked hard to set me up for success in life. v Table of contents Chapter 1: General introduction and author contributions............................................1 General Introduction...........................................................................................2 Author contributions...........................................................................................6 References...........................................................................................................7 Chapter 2: Ericoid fungal diversity: challenges and opportunities for mycorrhizal research...........................................................................................................................9 Abstract.............................................................................................................10 Introduction.......................................................................................................11 Diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi..............................................................14 Biogeography of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi......................................................19 Research opportunities for ericoid mycorrhizal systems..................................24 Conclusions.......................................................................................................28 Acknowledgments.............................................................................................29 References cited................................................................................................30 Figures...............................................................................................................42 Chapter 3: Diversity of Vaccinium calycinum (Ericaceae) root-associated fungi increases throughout long-term ecosystem development.............................................44 Abstract.............................................................................................................45 Introduction.......................................................................................................46 Materials and methods......................................................................................49 Results...............................................................................................................55 Discussion.........................................................................................................57 Acknowledgments.............................................................................................61 References cited................................................................................................62 Tables................................................................................................................69 Figures...............................................................................................................70 Supplemental materials.....................................................................................76 Chapter 4: Local richness increases more with regional richness under older species pools: evidence from root-associated fungi..................................................................77 Abstract.............................................................................................................78 Introduction.......................................................................................................79 Material and methods........................................................................................81 Results...............................................................................................................91 Discussion.........................................................................................................92 References cited................................................................................................95 Tables..............................................................................................................102 Figures.............................................................................................................103
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fungal Interactions with Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants: an Investigation of Mutualisms and Their Roles in Heathland Regeneration
    Fungal interactions with vascular and non-vascular plants: an investigation of mutualisms and their roles in heathland regeneration JILL KOWAL A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES JUNE 16, 2016 1 Abstract Mycorrhizal mutualisms between aboveground vascular plant communities, which reward their belowground fungal associates with photosynthates in return for growth- limiting nutrients such as phosphate, are widely recognized as stable long-term interactions which helped plants colonize land. Pezoloma ericae (D.J. Read) Baral, an ascomycete mycorrhiza-forming fungus present amongst plants in the Ericales, such as heathers, also forms associations in several families of non-vascular leafy liverworts. Whether there is a mutually beneficial functional relationship between these leafy liverworts and the fungus growing in their rhizoids was previously unconfirmed. Furthermore, an ecological role of this ‘shared’ mycobiont and its link between vascular (Ericaceae) and non-vascular (liverworts) plants was also unknown. Thus the main questions asked in this dissertation are: 1) Is there a measurable mutually beneficial relationship between a liverwort and its fungal partner?; and, 2) Can liverworts harbouring the ericoid mycorrhiza P. ericae act as inoculum that facilitates the re- establishment of Ericaceae - and henceforth be proposed as a practical tool in a restoration ecology context. This is the first time British species of leafy liverworts are conclusively identified to harbour the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Pezoloma ericae using molecular identification. I have demonstrated a mutualism occurring between the leafy liverworts and their fungal symbiont in two independent microcosm growth experiments and confirmatory reciprocal trophic exchanges between phosphorus and carbon and the two organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Fungal Assemblages in Roots of Ericaceae in Two
    Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems Ahlam Hamim, Lucie Miche, Ahmed Douaik, Rachid Mrabet, Ahmed Ouhammou, Robin Duponnois, Mohamed Hafidi To cite this version: Ahlam Hamim, Lucie Miche, Ahmed Douaik, Rachid Mrabet, Ahmed Ouhammou, et al.. Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems. Comptes Rendus Biologies, Elsevier Masson, 2017, 340 (4), pp.226-237. 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.02.003. hal- 01681523 HAL Id: hal-01681523 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681523 Submitted on 23 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315062117 Diversity of fungal assemblages in roots of Ericaceae in two Mediterranean contrasting ecosystems Article in Comptes rendus biologies · March 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.02.003 CITATIONS READS 0 37 7 authors, including: Ahmed Douaik Rachid Mrabet Institut National de Recherche Agronomique
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter No
    Newsletter No. 167 June 2016 Price: $5.00 AUSTRALASIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY INCORPORATED Council President Vice President Darren Crayn Daniel Murphy Australian Tropical Herbarium (ATH) Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria James Cook University, Cairns Campus Birdwood Avenue PO Box 6811, Cairns Qld 4870 Melbourne, Vic. 3004 Australia Australia Tel: (+61)/(0)7 4232 1859 Tel: (+61)/(0) 3 9252 2377 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Secretary Treasurer Leon Perrie John Clarkson Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service PO Box 467, Wellington 6011 PO Box 975, Atherton Qld 4883 New Zealand Australia Tel: (+64)/(0) 4 381 7261 Tel: (+61)/(0) 7 4091 8170 Email: [email protected] Mobile: (+61)/(0) 437 732 487 Councillor Email: [email protected] Jennifer Tate Councillor Institute of Fundamental Sciences Mike Bayly Massey University School of Botany Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010 New Zealand Australia Tel: (+64)/(0) 6 356- 099 ext. 84718 Tel: (+61)/(0) 3 8344 5055 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Other constitutional bodies Hansjörg Eichler Research Committee Affiliate Society David Glenny Papua New Guinea Botanical Society Sarah Matthews Heidi Meudt Advisory Standing Committees Joanne Birch Financial Katharina Schulte Patrick Brownsey Murray Henwood David Cantrill Chair: Dan Murphy, Vice President Bob Hill Grant application closing dates Ad hoc adviser to Committee: Bruce Evans Hansjörg Eichler Research
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study Among Ethnic Groups in the Shuiluo Valley, Southwest China: Local Knowledge of Ritual Plant Use
    Ethnobotanical Study among Ethnic Groups in the Shuiluo Valley, Southwest China: Local Knowledge of Ritual Plant Use Master Thesis by Franziska Büeler 03-701-398 Submitted to Prof. Dr. Ulrike Müller-Böker Tutored by Dr. Caroline Weckerle and Prof. Dr. Ulrike Müller-Böker GEO 511 Master Thesis Department of Geography, University of Zurich October 2010 Contact: Franziska Büeler [email protected] Department of Human Geography, University Zurich Cover picture: Pumi woman holding the morning ritual on a flat roof, Siweng, Sichuan, China (Büeler 2010). TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES , TABLES , AND PHOTOGRAPHS ......................................................................... III ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. VI GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................. VII 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Framework of the study ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Objectives and Questions .......................................................................................... 2 2 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS ....................................................................................... 3 2.1
    [Show full text]
  • Ericaceae Root Associated Fungi Revealed by Culturing and Culture – Independent Molecular Methods
    a Ericaceae root associated fungi revealed by culturing and culture – independent molecular methods. by Damian S. Bougoure BSc (Hons) Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences University of Western Sydney February 2006 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although I am credited with writing this thesis there is a multitude of people that have contributed to its completion in ways other than hitting the letters on a keyboard and I would like to thank them here. Firstly I’d like to thank my supervisor, Professor John Cairney, whose knowledge and guidance was invaluable in steering me along the PhD path. The timing of John’s ‘motivational chats’ was uncanny and his patience particularly, during the writing stage, seemed limitless at times. I’d also like to thank the Australian government for granting me an Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) scholarship, Paul Worden from Macquarie University and the staff from the Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital for performing DNA sequencing and the National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales and Environmental Protection agency of Queensland for permission to collect the Ericaceae plants. Thankyou to Mary Gandini from James Cook University for showing me the path to a Rhododendron lochiae population through the thick North Queenland rainforest. Without her help and I’d still be pointing the GPS at the sky. Thankyou to the other people in the lab studying mycorrhizas including Catherine Hitchcock, Susan Chambers, Adrienne Williams and particularly Brigitte Bastias with whom I shared an office. Everyone mentioned was generally just as willing as I was to talk about matters other than mycorrhizas.
    [Show full text]
  • 12. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 392. 1753
    Flora of China 14: 260–455. 2005. 12. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 392. 1753. 杜鹃属 du juan shu Fang Mingyuan (方明渊), Fang Ruizheng (方瑞征 Fang Rhui-cheng), He Mingyou (何明友), Hu Linzhen (胡琳贞 Hu Ling-cheng), Yang Hanbi (杨汉碧 Yang Han-pi); David F. Chamberlain Shrubs or trees, terrestrial or epiphytic, with various hairs, and/or with peltate scales or glabrous, indumentum sometimes detersile (the hairs tangled and coming away as a layer). Leaves evergreen, deciduous or semideciduous, alternate, sometimes clustered at stem apex; margin entire, very rarely crenulate, abaxial indumentum sometimes with a pellicle (a thin skinlike layer on the surface). Inflorescence a raceme or corymb, mostly terminal, sometimes lateral, few- to many-flowered, sometimes reduced to a single flower. Calyx persistent, 5–8-lobed, sometimes reduced to a rim, lobes minute and triangular to large and conspicuous. Corolla funnelform, campanulate, tubular, rotate or hypocrateriform, regular or slightly zygomorphic, 5(–8)-lobed, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5–10(–27), inserted at base of corolla, usually declinate; filaments linear to filiform, glabrous or pilose towards base; anthers without appendages, opening by terminal or oblique pores. Disk usually thick, 5–10(–14)-lobed. Ovary 5(–18)-locular, with hairs and/or scales, rarely glabrous. Style straight or declinate to deflexed, persistent; stigma capitate-discoid, crenate to lobed. Capsule cylindrical, coniform, or ovoid, sometimes curved, dehiscent from top, septicidal; valves thick or thin, straight or twisted. Seeds very numerous, minute, fusiform, always winged, or both ends with appendages or thread-like tails. About 1000 species: Asia, Europe, North America, two species in Australia; 571 species (409 endemic) in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Root-Associated Fungal Endophytes in Rhododendron Fortunei in Subtropical Forests of China
    Mycorrhiza DOI 10.1007/s00572-009-0246-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Diversity of root-associated fungal endophytes in Rhododendron fortunei in subtropical forests of China Chunying Zhang & Lijuan Yin & Silan Dai Received: 11 January 2009 /Accepted: 6 April 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract To investigate the diversity of root endophytes in unidentified root endophytes from Ericaceae hosts in Rhododendron fortunei, fungal strains were isolated from Australian forests. We concluded that the endophyte the hair roots of plants from four habitats in subtropical population isolated from R. fortunei is composed mainly forests of China. In total, 220 slow-growing fungal isolates of ascomycete, as well as a few basidiomycete strains. In were isolated from the hair roots of R. fortunei. The isolates addition, one basidiomycete strain was confirmed as a were initially grouped into 17 types based on the results of putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungus. internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length poly- morphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis. ITS sequences were Keywords Rhododendron fortunei L. Fungal diversity. obtained for representative isolates from each RFLP type Ericoid endophyte . Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and compared phylogenetically with known sequences of ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes and selected ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the Introduction ITS sequences in GenBank, 15 RFLP types were confirmed as ascomycetes, and two as basidiomycetes; nine of these Plants in the Ericales are widespread in both the northern were shown to be ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes in and southern hemispheres and are found in geographically experimental cultures. The only common endophytes of R. and climatically disparate heathland and forest habitats fortunei were identified as Oidiodendron maius at four (Read 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • The Red List of Rhododendrons
    The Red List of Rhododendrons Douglas Gibbs, David Chamberlain and George Argent BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the International, Richmond, UK world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve © 2011 Botanic Gardens Conservation International threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of ISBN: 978-1-905164-35-6 human needs. Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a partnership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees imply any expression on the part of the authors and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, or Botanic Gardens Conservation International delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • An Early History of Vireya the People, Places & Plants of the Nineteenth Century
    An Early History of Vireya The People, Places & Plants of the Nineteenth Century Chris Callard The distribution of Rhododendron subgenus Vireya is centred on the botanical region known as Malesia – an area of south-east Asia encompassing the Malay Archipelago, the Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia and New Guinea and surrounding island groups. It is for this reason that vireyas have sometimes in the past been referred to as ‘Malesian Rhododendrons’, although nowadays this is not considered a strictly accurate term as a small number of the 318 species in subgenus Vireya grow outside this region and, similarly, a few species from other subgenera of Rhododendron are also to be found within its boundaries. Broadly speaking, the Vireya group extends from Taiwan in the north to Queensland, Australia in the south, and from India in the west to the Solomon Islands in the east. Much of the early recorded history of the plants of Rhododendron subgenus Vireya came about as a result of the activities of European nations, particularly Britain and Holland, pursuing their colonial ambitions across the Malay Archipelago and, later, east to New Guinea. As their Empires expanded into these previously unexplored territories, settlements were established and expeditions mounted to survey the natural wealth and geography of the land. Many of these early explorers had scientific backgrounds, although not always in botany, and collected all manner of exotic flora and fauna found in these unfamiliar surroundings, to ship back to their homelands. The Vireya story starts in June 1821 when the Scotsman, William Jack, one of “a party of gentlemen”i, set out from Bencoolen (now Bengkulu), a settlement on the south-west coast of Sumatra, to reach the summit of Gunong Benko (Bungkuk), the so-called Sugar Loaf Mountain, “not estimated to exceed 3,000 feet in height”.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Is Available Online Sponses to Climate, Soil and Plant Growth Form, Ecography, 36, At
    Biogeosciences, 15, 2033–2053, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2033-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Shrub type dominates the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P stoichiometry across an extensive altitudinal gradient Wenqiang Zhao1, Peter B. Reich2, Qiannan Yu1,3, Ning Zhao4, Chunying Yin1, Chunzhang Zhao1, Dandan Li1, Jun Hu1, Ting Li1, Huajun Yin1, and Qing Liu1 1CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2Department of Forest Resources and Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55108, USA 3Southwest Jiaotong University & Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu 611756, China 4Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Correspondence: Qing Liu ([email protected]) and Huajun Yin ([email protected]) Received: 14 November 2017 – Discussion started: 14 December 2017 Revised: 26 February 2018 – Accepted: 7 March 2018 – Published: 9 April 2018 Abstract. Understanding leaf stoichiometric patterns is cru- deciduous, broadleaf, and conifer), their leaf element con- cial for improving predictions of plant responses to environ- tents and responses to environments were remarkably differ- mental changes. Leaf stoichiometry of terrestrial ecosystems ent. Shrub type was the largest contributor to the total varia- has been widely investigated along latitudinal and longitudi- tions in leaf stoichiometry, while climate indirectly affected nal gradients. However, very little is known about the vertical the leaf C : N : P via its interactive effects on shrub type or distribution of leaf C : N : P and the relative effects of envi- soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Beaches 2018 November December Caleyi
    p CALEYI i c A n d r e P o r t e n e r s NORTHERN BEACHES G R O U P austplants.com.au/northern-beaches November/December 2018 THE KATANDRA WALK –Sunday 21st October 2018 Australian Plants Society Northern Beaches Penny Hunstead Contact us at [email protected] Despite predictions of rain, seven members of our group turned up for the walk at Katandra Bushland Sanctuary. We made our walk in overcast, but, President thankfully, fine weather. Dr Conny Harris (02) 9451 3231 Vice-President David Drage (02) 9949 5179 Secretary Julia Tomkinson (02) 9949 5179 Treasurer Asplenium obtusatum. pic:Richard Hunstead Lindy Monson (02) 9953 7498 Regional Delegate Harry Loots (02) 9953 7498 Librarian Jennifer McLean (02) 9970 6528 Talks Co-ordinator Russell Beardmore 0404 023 223 Walks Co-ordinator Penny Hunstead (02) 9999 1847 Catering Officer Georgine Jakobi (02) 9981 7471 Editor Jane March 0407 220 380 pic: Anne Gray COMING EVENTS Katandra, a Crown Reserve is managed and maintained by volunteers. It is Saturday December 8, 2018 at Stony Range open to the public on Sundays, July to October. David Seymour, the chairman Regional Botanic Garden, Dee Why. of the volunteers committee, welcomed us at the bush hut information centre 12 noon for 12.30 pm APS Northern Beaches and start of the walk. Christmas lunch. Barbecue chickens will be provided. Please bring a The entire walk is along a narrow track , which is well-graded and has mostly salad or dessert. An email will be circulated to leaf litter underfoot.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary: Cape York, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]