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Technical Information Automotive Glass High Chemical Durability Excellent Non-stick Performance Innovative Solutions for Windshield Application Fine Line Silver Paste Systems Ferro: enhancing life through superior materials performance Headquartered in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, USA, Ferro Corporation is a world leading producer of Performance Materials, with operations in 20 countries across Europe, Asia and the Americas. We apply core technologies in organic and Meeting the needs of the Color World calls for inorganic chemistry to develop leading market great foresight, flexibility and innovation … positions in a diverse range of industries. • Our global presence is a strong competitive Our mission is “to achieve market leadership advantage. Technical, marketing and management through a customer-focused and highly creative personnel are in continuous contact with customers organisation committed to delivering top quality in every major region. Multinational customers can products and outstanding services to customers be assured of standard products and consistent worldwide”. quality wherever they have operations. Our materials are used to add value to, and to • We co-ordinate our R&D activities globally and improve the performance of products in a variety use our international talent to ensure that product of end markets including building and renova- specifications and performance are designed tion, home appliances, cookware, giftware and to satisfy the specific requirements demanded by tableware, transportation, household furnishings, regional markets. leisure, electronics and industrial products. • Ferro views the world-wide concern for the en- We are among the world’s leading suppliers of vironment as an opportunity to develop improved ceramic glazes and colors, glass decoration, products and also to participate in chemical indus- speciality glasses and porcelain enamel coatings. try effor ts to address public concern. Environmen- We pioneered the development of forehearth tal concerns are a major driving force behind the color technology for coloring of glass. evolution of our lead- and cadmium-free technolo- gy and our low VOC decoration systems. Our global commitment to quality, reliability, inno- vation and personal customer care is founded on • The markets we cover are extremely service- over 80 years of experience in serving the changing intensive. Ferro has established regional color needs of industry, from our international network matching, blending/pasting and technical support of manufacturing plants and service centres. Our facilities, to provide the level of service demanded commitment to quality management has been by our customers in all time zones. recognised with the award of ISO9001 accredita- tion to all of our global manufacturing and research Think of us as High Performance Partners facilities. to manufacturers around the world … ... Helping to create and enhance many of the products you use and enjoy every day of your life. Technical Information AUT04 Performance Colors & Glass Automotive Glass Enamels Introduction Ferro can draw on decades of experience in the The different products are grouped by production and application of ceramic colors, application: media and silver pastes. Automotive glass enamels for: To secure our high share of the market into the future, our research and development in • laminated safety glass recent years has focussed on extending our sag bending and press bending surface range of high performance products. No. 2 printings Our objective is not only to satisfy current • tempered safety glass customer needs but to market products that side and rear windows sunroofs already meet future standards for environmental compatibility and technological challenges. An excellent example was the In the last few years, we have successfully introduction of the New Generation introduced innovative and environmentally Windshield enamels 2012. These enamels pass compatible screen-printing media for use with the high chemical durability requirements automotive glass, and this brochure features a which are actually requested by more and selection of these products. more carmakers. This brochure presents a representative With this brochure, we want to give an selection of products for specific applications. overview of our wide range of automotive glass For optimum selection of paste systems for enamels for the coating of tempered and your individual requirements, our customer laminated safety glass. service teams will be pleased to advise. Edition 09/2016 Contact us at our technical service centres: Europe: Ferro GmbH Gutleutstrasse 215 D-60327 Frankfurt am Main Germany Telephone +49 (0) 69 271 16 - 0 Telefax +49 (0) 69 271 16 - 321 Asia: Ferro Japan KK, 21 Kasuminosato Ami-Machi, Inashiki-Gun Ibaraki Pref. 300-0315 Telephone +81-29-889-2144 Telefax +81-29-889-2490 Americas: Ferro Corporation 251, West Wylie Avenue, Washington, PA 15301, USA Telephone +1-724-207-2300 Telefax +1-724-207-2301 We can offer package solutions tailored to your specific needs. Benefit from our experience and our global presence. We are your partner – WORLDWIDE. page 3 / 14 General Information Composition of Ceramic Automotive Glass Enamels Ceramic automotive glass colors are glass percent. The color powder is a ground ceramic enamels that fire on to the glass during the vitrifiable color composed of glass frits, stain bending process above 560 °C, forming a glassy and any additives required. inorganic layer. For screen printing, these As shown in the table below, the components consist of an inorganic component, the color of the color powder largely determine the powder and an organic component, the properties of the fired color. medium. The content of the color powder in a screen printing paste varies between 75 and 86 wt. Component Chemical composition Function glass frit glass flux with Bi, B, Zn, Si oxides as forms the matrix of the enamel, strength, 60 – 85 % the main components chem. resistance, melt-on behaviour; firing range stain oxides with Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr color shade and light transmission 15 – 40 % additives oxides, sulphides, metal compounds, antistick effect, 0 – 15 % silicates silver-non-bleed-through The medium used determines the drying The following table shows the differences mechanism after screen printing. A between the chemical compositions and the differentiation is made between infrared drying / curing mechanism of the two systems. drying (IR) and ultraviolet curing (UV) systems. Type Chemical composition Drying / Curing IR oils and organic resins in physical drying by evaporation of the solvents, combination with solvents recommended glass temp. 80 – 150 °C UV monomers and acrylate compounds photoinduced cross-linking by UV radiation; no evaporation of solvents, no heat required The medium has a crucial influence on the been printed on the glass. The medium is also screen printing properties of the paste and the partly responsible for the storage stability of adhesion of the dried enamels after they have the paste. page 4 / 14 Selected Requirements for Modern Automotive Glass Enamels Associated with the development of While around 30 years ago, it was sufficient for automotive glass from simple protection of the glass enamel to be “simply black”, today driver and passengers against wind and rain to there is a growing demand for multifunctional multifunctional glass used as a stability automotive glass enamels. In the following, the component in the body of the vehicle, the higher requirements for ceramic screen requirements of the glass and car printing are briefly explained: manufacturers for ceramic screen printing have steadily increased. a) Heavy metal free composition b) Antistick properties New legislation on environment protection, The further development of glass bending safety at work and the labelling of packaging technology from sag to press bending has for transport and handling in Europe were enabled the production of glass panels with leading to complete prohibition on the use of increasingly complex curvature and faster lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium etc. firing cycles (see schematic). Today, nearly all of our customers expect enamels to be free of toxic heavy metals. New types of glass panels are decorated almost exclusively with heavy metal free automotive glass enamels. Zn, Bi or Zn/Bi systems are used. sag bending (gravity) press bending In press bending processes, the ceramic automotive glass enamel printed on the top surface of the glass comes into contact with the press ram during the forming process. page 5 / 14 In this process, the melted enamel must d) High opacity withstand the pressure applied. The enamel coating should not be damaged and no traces There is a tendency that automotive and glass of enamel should be left on the press cloth. The manufacturers more and more specify visible enamel should not stick to the press ram, as light transmission values of below 0.1 % for the otherwise the softened glass deforms when printed glass. The optical density of the enamel the press ram is lifted away. The resulting depends primarily on the thickness and density deviations in shape are not tolerable. These of the fired layer. antistick properties can be achieved by varying the product composition accordingly: Ensuring reproducible values is not just down to the color paste supplier (e.g. with an Either highly viscous systems with high surface appropriate pasting ratio, rheology, special tension, additive systems or reactive and high loading media), but is
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