The French and Indian War Questions
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Name February Reading Packet The French and Indian War By Cindy Grigg After the 1600s, many countries claimed land in the New World. Spain claimed Florida and most of the land west of the Mississippi. This was called Louisiana. France claimed Canada and the land along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Britain claimed land along the entire eastern coast of North America, from Maine to South Carolina. Native Americans lived in all these places. They thought that the land belonged to everyone, just as the sky and the sun did. As colonists took over more and more land, some Indians grew angry. War broke out between France and Britain. The war began in the colonies in 1754. It spread to Europe in 1756. The war lasted seven years. Britain won the war in 1763. A treaty between the two countries gave Britain France's land in Canada and to the west of the English colonies as far as the Mississippi River. Spain had helped France in the war. In the treaty, Spain had to give up Florida, but it kept all of Louisiana. This included the city of New Orleans. The war was called the French and Indian War in the colonies. Many Indians had helped the French fight the English. They thought it would save their land. Some Indians helped the English for the same reason. In Europe, it was called the Seven Years' War. The war had cost Britain nearly everything. Britain now looked to the colonies to pay back the costs of the war. It began taxing the colonies. New taxes would lead to another war - the American Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War Questions 1. Which country did NOT claim land in North America? A. China B. Spain C. France D. Britain 2. Britain claimed land in what part of North America? A. along the west coast B. along the Canadian border C. along the east coast 3. Native Americans claimed all the land in North America because they lived there first. A. false B. true 4. How did the French and Indian War affect the colonies? A. The war led to better cooperation among the colonists and Native Americans. B. The war caused Britain to give up claims to land in North America. C. The war caused Native Americans to fight the colonists. D. The war caused Britain to tax the colonies. Taxes made the colonists want to be free, which led to the American Revolutionary War. Name: February Reading Packet Sierra, Isaac, Anna, and Nicholas each went on vacation with their father (Benjamin, Michael, Christopher, and Ryan). They each traveled to a different country (Venezuela, Kenya, Ecuador, and Hungary). Figure out each person's father and the country they visited. 1. Sierra went to either Kenya or Hungary. 2. Nicholas did not go to Venezuela. 3. Anna went to either Venezuela or Ecuador. 4. Michael and Benjamin went on vacation to the same continent. 5. Ryan went to either Europe or South America. 6. Michael went to either Venezuela or Hungary. 7. Nicholas did not go to Kenya. 8. Before the vacation, Anna and Nicholas saw Sierra's dad, Ryan, at the mall. 9. Nicholas did not go to Hungary. 10. Benjamin went to either Venezuela or Ecuador. 11. Anna did not go to Kenya. 12. Michael went to either South America or Africa. 13. Anna went to either South America or Europe. 14. Nicholas' trip was to a different continent than Ryan's trip. 15. Before the vacation, Sierra and Anna saw Isaac's dad, Christopher, at the mall. Sierra's father's name is . They went on vacation to . Isaac's father's name is . They went on vacation to . Anna's father's name is . They went on vacation to . Nicholas' father's name is . They went on vacation to . Name February Reading Packet Extreme Sand Sculpting By Colleen Messina Smush! Pat! Squish! Building sand castles at the beach is a relaxing activity on a summer day. So why would anyone want to make it into an extreme sport? People who build extreme sand sculptures think of going to the beach as more than a way to get a tan...they use it as a chance to create art and to compete with other sand sculptors. You have probably had lots of fun building sand castles, molding and carving piles of cool, wet sand with the hot sun on your back. And if you want to take a nap, you can relax and let someone bury you in warm sand. Playing on the beach does not require lots of special gear. You can create masterpieces with a bucket and a small hand shovel. However, extreme sand sculptors like to use more than buckets. In fact, they carry a whole tool kit to the beach to create their sculptures. Extreme sand sculptors often build big piles of sand using long-handled shovels. Their tool kit includes lots of smaller tools for sculpting in detail. These include brushes of all sizes, hand trowels, knives, and files. Clever sculptors also borrow tools from the kitchen, like a cheese slicer and a pastry knife. Serious sculptors carry their equipment in a special bag. And you can be sure that they have lots of drinking water and sunscreen in there, too, to protect them. They approach their contests with planning and precision. Building sand castles on the beach has always been popular, but today many sand sculpting competitions are held all around the world. Contests are held all over the United States each year. One of the most popular contests is held in Hampton Beach, New Hampshire. This contest started by surprise with a single sand sculpture created in 2000. Master sand sculptor Greg Grady received an interesting commission from the United States Mint. He was supposed to build a huge replica of the tail side of the New Hampshire quarter to celebrate the release of the coin. His ten-ton display became part of the Hampton Beach Children's Festival. The enormous, grainy coin became a huge hit...and a great investment for Hampton Beach. Everyone in Hampton Beach liked Mr. Grady's sculpture so much that they decided to hold an annual contest for the best sculpture. The winner now receives a $15,000 prize, and this contest is the largest competition in the Northeast United States. Many master sand sculptors attend the Hampton Beach competition. Meredith Corson of Florida entered the 2006 competition and had this to say about the contest: "Hampton is the toughest competition on the circuit with the best sand available to work with." It might not seem that important, but the type of sand on the beach can make a lot of difference in the success or failure of a sand sculpture. Geologists define sand as any material between 2 mm and .06 mm in size. Sand comes in different textures and is made from broken-down rocks. Fine sand is better for sculpting because the tiny grains stick together more easily. Some people only use plain sand and water for sculpting. Others use forms to build their structures and then spray their creation with a coating so that it does not fall apart. These coatings make it possible for many people to enjoy the sculpture for days. Competitions have different rules about using supports to build the sculptures. Sandcastles are even in the Guinness Book of World Records. These castles have to be made only of sand and water. They can't be made with any mechanical equipment. To make sure the measurements are accurate, the structures must be measured by an engineer or a surveyor and even certified by an independent source. One amazing sandcastle was built in July 1998 in Stone Mountain, Georgia. It was 28 feet 7 1/4" tall. It weighed about 225 tons! It held the record for the tallest sand castle built in less than 100 man hours. Building with sand is an art and a science. Master sculptors follow definite steps to make their creations. First, he or she shovels the sand into a pile. The sculptors use forms made out of 5/8" plywood or 2 x 4s. The sculptor Name February Reading Packet adds water to the sand and tamps it down with a heavy metal tool. This is called compaction. After the sand is well compacted, the sculptor can remove the forms and start to carve. Carving takes hours and lots of patience. Sand sculptors can create almost anything. Leopards, gnomes, kings, and beautiful ladies have all been part of their amazing sandy sculptures. Even if you are not a master sculptor, you can still smush, pat, and squish your way to a "sandtastic" creation! Extreme Sand Sculpting Questions 1. What unit of measurement is used for sand grains? A. millimeters B. kilometers C. centimeters D. meters 2. Where does sand come from? A. glass B. recycled plastic C. broken down rocks D. salt 3. What did Greg Grady build out of sand? A. a lion B. a pyramid C. a coin D. a castle 4. Where is Hampton Beach? A. California B. New Hampshire C. New York D. New Jersey 5. How much does the winner of the Hampton Beach competition receive? A. $10,000 B. $5,000 C. $1,000 D. $15,000 6. What kind of scientist studies rocks? A. an astronomer B. a martian C. a rockologist D. a geologist Name February Reading Packet 7. What is the term for pounding the sand down into a form? A. compaction B. pressing C. smushing D.