Campanian-Maastrichtian Pelagic Crinoids from NE Belgium and SE Netherlands: Preliminary Observations

Home , Notocrinidae, Saccocoma

BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE, SCIENCES DE LA TERRE, 62: 155-161, 1992 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN. AARDWETENSCHAPPEN, 62: 155-161, 1992

Campanian-Maastrichtian pelagic crinoids from NE Belgium and SE Netherlands: preliminary observations

by John W.M. JAGT

Abstract and evolutionary history are still a matter of specula• tion. SIMMS (1988) considered derivation from the During recent years unexpectedly rich and diverse faunules of diminu• stemless Marsupitidae d'ORBlGNY, 1852 unlikely, but tive, pelagic crinoids of the order Roveacrinida SIEVERTS-DORECK in suggested derivation through paedomorphosis from MOORE, LALICKER & FISCHER, 1952 have been collected from early some other group of articulate crinoids and remarked and late Campanian and late Maastrichtian strata in the Maastrichtian that the three groups currently classed in the Roveacri• type area (southern Limburg, The Netherlands, and contiguous areas). Most, if not all, of these forms appear to be still undescribed. nida, viz. Somphocrinidae PECK in RASMUSSEN, 1978, Occurrences known to date are briefly discussed; a taxonomic study Roveacrinidae PECK, 1943 and Saccocomidae d'ORBlG• with detailed descriptions of the various species is under way. NY, 1852, might even be less closely related to each other than to other articulates. MILSOM (1989) pointed Key-words: Crinoidea, Roveacrinida, Campanian-Maastrichtian, NE out that because of the strong brachial musculature seen Belgium, SE Netherlands. in roveacrinids these were probably active swimmers, whereas the lack of such strong musculature suggests saccocomids may have been possibly benthic and adap• Résumé ted to living on very soft substrates. Au cours des dernières années, des faunules, d'une richesse et d'une In the literature {e.g. RASMUSSEN, 1978; SIMMS, diversité inattendues, de minuscules crinoïdes pélagiques ont été récol• 1988) the Roveacrinida are assumed to have become tées dans des couches du Campanien Inférieur et Supérieur ainsi que extinct during the Campanian, with the youngest repre• du Maastrichtien Supérieur dans sa région-type (Sud du Limbourg, sentative to have been recorded so far being the saccoco- Pays-Bas et régions contiguës). Ces formes appartiennent à l'ordre des mid Applinocrinus cretaceus (BATHER, 1924). Recent Roveacrinida SIEVERTS-DORECK in MOORE, LALICKER & FISCHER, 1952 et la plupart, sinon toutes, n'ont pas encore été décrites. Leur dis• collecting from the early Maastrichtian white chalk of tributions telles qu'elles sont actuellement connues sont brièvement Rugen (northeastern Germany, M. Kutscher Collec• discutées; leur étude taxinomique est en cours. tion), and now also from the late Maastrichtian extends the known range of the Roveacrinida. In the Maastrich• Mots-clefs: Crinoidea, Roveacrinida, Campanien-Maastrichtien, NE Belgique, SE Pays-Bas. tian type area (Fig. 1) roveacrinid and saccocomid fau• nules have turned out to be fairly common at some levels, and to be of an unexpected diversity. Occurrences Introduction known to date are briefly described below; detailed des• criptions of the various species are deferred to another Amongst late Cretaceous crinoids those assigned to the occasion (JAGT & VAN BIRGELEN, in prep.). order Roveacrinida are generally found in fairly large The Campanian-Maastrichtian crinoid faunas of the numbers at distinct levels in the stratigraphie column area are still poorly known, and recent studies include (see e.g. PECK, 1943, 1955; BERTHOU & BENGTSON, RASMUSSEN'S 1961 monograph (see also RASMUSSEN, 1988; ROBASZYNSKI et al., 1990); yet their classification 1965) and short papers by JAGT (1986, 1990) on holo- is still unsatisfactory, and taxa are in need of revision. podids and comatulids, respectively. Material collected When compared with Triassic representatives of this from bulk samples taken at various carefully selected order (Somphocrinidae, see KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, spots in (disused) quarries and exposures in the area is 1970, 1977, 1987, 1988) their stratigraphie potential has copious and includes many species (c 10) which either apparently not been fully realised, although several have not yet been recorded from the area or are new to authors have pointed out this attribute (PECK, 1943, science. 1948, 1955, 1973; GRIFFITHS, 1989). The disjunct distri• Pelagic crinoids appear to have been recorded from bution seen in their stratigraphie range (see SIMMS, the area for the first time by CUPEDO (1970) and are 1988, fig. 21.2) is the main reason why their derivation also mentioned in an unpublished report by N.M. DE 156 John W.M. JAGT

NETHERLANDS

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NEKUM N H T z O \ ^ < EMAEL E. \ ° TR I (/) SCHIEPERSBERG S X \ l*r O

A GRONSVELD G \ Z \ 2 cr VALKENBURG V. I- a LANAYE L. a < • m3 u. 2- < Z L. 1 X HE 1 3 L. LU S -J UJ •I Q. VIJLEN V > > LU _L CC D BEUTENAKEN B z a ZEVEN WEGEN Z W < 1 z u. < (/) VAALS a G | y W\ -I S < < O V A

Fig. 1 — Map of the Maastrichtian type area with localities that have yielded pelagic crinoids: 1 - SA CPL quarry, 2 - Heure-le- Romain quarry, 3 - CBR-Lixhe quarry, 4 - de Wingerd-Ubachsberg, 5 - Benzenrade, 6 - CBR-Romontbos quarry, 7 - Lanaye-Vogelreservaat, 8 - motorway cuttings RW 76, 9 - Kunderberg quarry, 10 - Klimmen-Zevensprong quarry, 11 - Schiepersberg quarry, 12 - Ankersmit Holding BV (Nekami) quarry, 13 - Blom quarry, 14 - ENCI NV quarry, 15 - Thermae 2000 borehole. In addition, local lithostratigraphy (west and east of the River Meuse [Maas]) is indicated'

VOS. Several years ago, saccocomids and roveacrinids the Jurassic and early Cretaceous (BlESE, 1935-1937; were recognised by Dr M. JAGER in samples collected FARINACCI & SIRNA, I960; GLUCHOWSKI, 1987; HESS, from the Meerssen Member (Maastricht Formation, late 1972; HOLZER & POLTNIG, 1980; JAEKEL, 1892; JUR-

Maastrichtian) as exposed at the ENCI NV quarry, and V v from the Emael Member (Maastricht Formation) of the KOVSEK & KOLAR-JURKOVSEK, 1988; KNAUER, 1966; Thermae 2000 borehole, respectively. These specimens LEFELD & RADWANSKI, 1960; MANNI & NICOSIA, were entrusted to me for description; they will be inclu• 1985, 1986; MULLER, 1969; NICOSIA & PARISI, 1979; ded in the study under way (JAGT & VAN BIRGELEN, in PATRULIUS, 1964; PlSERA & DZIK, 1979; TURN! R, prep.). 1965; VERNIORY, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1962a, 1962b), Comparative material has been described extensively whereas Roveacrinidae are confined to the early and late in the literature: saccocomids are especially abundant in Cretaceous (DESTOMBES, 1984; DOUGLAS, 1908; GASSE & WERKMANN-HUGEL, 1985; NEKVASILOVA & PRO- Campanian-Maastrichtian pelagic crinoids 157

KOP, 1963; RASMUSSEN, 1961, 1971; SCHMID, 1971; 10; WRIGHT & SMITH, 1987, p. 211, pi. 45, figs 5, 6). SCHNEIDER, 1988; SCOTT etal., 1977; SIEVERTS, 1933a, In southeastern England, this species appears to be con• b; VALETTE, 1917). Admirably detailed studies on Ger• fined to a distinct horizon within the early Campanian man late Cretaceous Roveacrinidae are those by (GASTER, 1932; MORTIMORE, 1983). It is also known SCHNEIDER (1987, 1989), who commented on the syste- from Mississippi, Texas, Florida, Mexico and the West matics of the subfamily Roveacrininae and described the Indies (APPLIN & APPLIN, 1967; PECK, 1953, 1973). ontogeny of one of its members. NEKVASILOVÄ & PRO• Others are typical Roveacrinidae (Fig. 2m) that do not KOP (1964) described late Cretaceous (latest Cenoma- show any resemblance with genera described so far, the nian-earliest Turonian) brachials which they referred to thecae of which show well-developed radials with fairly saccocomids, while KUTSCHER & HARY (1991) referred large articula and numerous openings and a star-like a single brachial from the early Lias with a query to the base. Roveacrinidae. This unit has also yielded rare bourgueticrinids, iso• The genus Pseudosaccocoma (see REMES, 1905; crinids and comparatively many comatulids (Conome- BACHMAYER, 1958), which was referred to the Saccoco- tridae, Pterocomidae, and Notocrinidae, with at least midae until recently (see RASMUSSEN, 1978), has been four species). removed from this family and referred to Isocrinida by KÄSTLE (1982). Maastrichtian occurrences

Campanian occurrences GULPEN FORMATION Lanaye Member (late Maastrichtian) VAALS FORMATION The Lanaye Member (especially between flint beds 20 From the early Campanian Vaals Formation (JAGT, and 21) at the CBR-Romontbos quarry at Eben-Emael 1989) at the SA Ciments Portland Liégeois quarry (Fig. (Bassenge) (Fig. 1, locality 6) has yielded the first com• 1, locality 1) at Haccourt (Liège, NE Belgium) a single plete saccocomids that show their close relationship to roveacrinid secundibrachial (IIBr) comparable with spe• Applinocrinus cretaceus. These specimens (Fig. 2d-f, j-1) cimens found in the upper part of the overlying Zeven represent a new species which is characterised by a dis• Wegen Member, is available for study. This unit has so crete central plate and a well-developed basal circlet (see far not yielded any other crinoids. Fig. 2c, d, n), the plates of which are larger than those seen in A. cretaceus (see JAGT, 1988). At Lanaye-Vogelreservaat (Fig. 1, locality 7) this unit GULPEN FORMATION has also yielded a few Roveacrinidae that are closely Zeven Wegen Member (late Campanian) related to, if not conspecific with, forms collected from A fairly extensive material has recently been collected by the upper Meerssen Member (see below). Unfortuna• processing bulk samples of the late Campanian Zeven tely, their rather poor preservation (with recrystallisa- Wegen Member as exposed at the SA Ciments Portland tion tending to obliterate surface details) precludes a Liégeois, Ciments Belges Réunis (CBR-Lixhe) and thorough study of their structure. Heure-le-Romain quarries (Fig. 1, localities 3 and 2, res• pectively). From this unit numerous isolated brachials of various types of Roveacrinidae are before me, in MAASTRICHT FORMATION addition to a specimen from the uppermost 4 metres Valkenburg, Gronsveld and Schiepersberg Members (Jagt Collection), in which IBrl, IBr2 (axillary), (late Maastrichtian) IIBrl/IIBrl-4 are still in contact. Unfortunately, thecae Samples taken at the Ankersmit Holding BV quarry or thecal fragments have not yet been found. Other cri• (Nekami) at Bemelen and at the disused Schiepersberg noids from this unit include several species of bourgueti- quarry nearby (Fig. 1, localities 12 and 11, respectively) crinids (3 or 4), comatulids (2) and isocrinids (1 or 2). for ecostratigraphic purposes by P.J. FELDER and M.J.M. BLESS have yielded small numbers of isolated brachials of pelagic crinoids. This material is apparently Pre-Valkenburg strata conspecific with specimens from the Kunrade Limestone Strata in eastern southern Limburg which are in part fades. correctable with the Zeven Wegen Member, the Ben¬ zenrade sandy chalk and Pre-Valkenburg strata (JAGT et al., 1987; FELDER & BLESS, 1989), at Benzenrade and Emael Member (late Maastrichtian) Ubachsberg (de Wingerd; Fig. 1, localities 4 and 5) have From the base of this member numerous saccocomid yielded quite different crinoid faunules. One of the spe• specimens {Applinocrinus n. sp., see above) and two cies (a single rather poorly preserved specimen) encoun• species of Roveacrinidae have been collected at the tered is very similar to, if not conspecific with, the Ankersmit Holding BV quarry (Nekami). One of these saccocomid Applinocrinus cretaceus (BATHER) (see roveacrinids is also known from the middle Maastricht BATHER, 1924; RASMUSSEN, 1961, p. 390, pi. 57, figs 9, Formation as penetrated in the Thermae 2000 borehole 158 John W.M. JAGT Campanian-Maastrichtian pelagic crinoids 159

Fig. 2 — Camera lucida drawings (adoral, aboral, lateral and oblique aboral and oblique adoral views) of several types of roveacrinid and saccocomid crinoids encountered: a-f, j-1, n, o Applinocrinus n. sp. [a-c, n, o in Voigt Collection, Meerssen Member, ENCI NV quarry, x 25 and x c 52, respectively; d-f, j-1 in Jagt Collection, Lanaye Member, CBR-Romontbos quarry, x 25]; g-i Roveacrinidae n. gen. (?), n. sp., Jagt Collection, Meerssen Member, ENCI NV quarry, x 25; m Roveacrinidae n. gen., n. sp., Jagt Collection, Benzenrade sandy chalk, Benzenrade, x 25. A.W. Janssen del.

(Fig. 1, locality 15) (BLESS et al., 1986; KRINGS et al., Maastricht Formation; Fig. 1, locality 10) and that 1987). exposed at the Kunderberg (middle Maastricht Forma• tion; Fig. 1, locality 9) have been shown to contain Roveacrinida as well. These specimens are conspecific Meerssen Member (late Maastrichtian) with the ones that are known from the tuffaceous chalk The upper Meerssen Member as exposed at the ENCI facies of the Maastricht Formation, with the exception NV quarry, south of Maastricht (stratotype of the of saccocomids. Maastrichtian Stage, Fig. 1, locality 14), has yielded a considerable number of thecae (Fig. 2g-i) of the type of roveacrinid illustrated by CUPEDO (1970). Superficially, As a sequel to the taxonomie study of the above-men• these thecae are reminiscent of somphocrinid taxa (see tioned Campanian-Maastrichtian roveacrinids and sac• KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, 1970, 1977). It has not yet been cocomids from the Maastrichtian type area, a thorough possible to determine whether the thecae consist of search of samples of all exposures and boreholes in the radials only or of a radial and a basal ring. area for these crinoids will be carried out to test whether Saccocomids (Applinocrinus n. sp., Fig. 2a-c, n, o) events can be recognised in their stratigraphie distri• from the base of this unit are also known from the Blom bution. quarry (Fig. 1, locality 13) at Berg en Terblijt, municipa• lity of Valkenburg aan de Geul. Acknowledgements

Kunrade Limestone fades (Maastricht Formation) I wish to thank M. JAGER, M.J.M. BLESS, E. VOIGT, M.J. VAN BIR¬ Samples taken from sections of the Kunrade Limestone GELEN, J.H.F. REYNDERS, J.H. VERGOOSSEN and P.J. FELDER for along the RW 76 motorway (Fig. 1, locality 8) near Ben• making material available for study; A.W. JANSSEN and P. BFRC, for preparing drawings; C.R.C. PAUL and A.B. SMITH for expressing his zenrade (late Maastrichtian, see FELDER & BLESS, views on material from the Maastrichtian type area and for demons• 1989), which are correctable with the Lanaye Member trating comparative material in his care, respectively; M. KUTSCHER (Gulpen Formation), the section exposed at the former for showing me early Maastrichtian roveacrinids from Riigen and M. Zevensprong quarry (Craubeek-Klimmen; lower-middle JAGER and C.R.C. PAUL for critical reading of the manuscript.

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