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Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Em Savanas Na Área De Proteção Ambiental Alter Do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil

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Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Em Savanas Na Área De Proteção Ambiental Alter Do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO OESTE DO PARÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA, PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA – PROPPIT PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS NATURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA – PPGRNA ESFINGÍDEOS (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE) EM SAVANAS NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL ALTER DO CHÃO, SANTARÉM, PARÁ, BRASIL ANA CARLA WALFREDO DA CONCEIÇÃO Santarém, Pará Março, 2017 ANA CARLA WALFREDO DA CONCEIÇÃO ESFINGÍDEOS (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE) EM SAVANAS NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL ALTER DO CHÃO, SANTARÉM, PARÁ, BRASIL ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. JOSÉ AUGUSTO TESTON Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Linha de Pesquisa: Genética e Conservação da Biodiversidade. Santarém, Pará Março, 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas – SIGI/UFOPA C744e Conceição, Ana Carla Walfredo da Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) em Savanas na Área de Proteção Ambiental Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil./ Ana Carla Walfredo da Conceição. – Santarém, 2017. 117 fls.: il. Inclui bibliografias. Orientador José Augusto Teston Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Pró- Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pós-Graduação e Inovação Tecnológica - PROPPIT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia - PPGRNA. 1. Lepidópteros. 2. Bombycoidea. 3. Conservação ambiental. I. Teston, José Augusto, orient. II. Título. CDD: 23 ed. 595.7898115 Bibliotecário - Documentalista: Renata Ferreira – CRB/2 1440 i ESFINGÍDEOS (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE) EM SAVANAS NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL ALTER DO CHÃO, SANTARÉM, PARÁ, BRASIL Esta dissertação foi julgada adequada para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais, Área de concentração: Estudos e Manejos dos Ecossistemas Amazônicos. Pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, nível de mestrado, da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, em 24 de Março de 2017. ii DEDICATÓRIA A todos que acreditaram no meu potencial, em especial a minha mãe por toda paciência e amor. iii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus por me proporcionar uma vida cheia de amor e realizações. Ao meu orientador, Dr. José Augusto Teston, serei eternamente grata, por toda experiência que me proporcionou adquirir em campo e no laboratório ao longo desses anos, pela confiança, paciência, brincadeiras, e apoio incondicional na realização da pesquisa, por ter me apresentado ao mundo dos lepidópteros, pelos valiosos conselhos e ensinamentos, orientação e apoio nas horas difíceis. Ao Dr. Amabílio José Aires de Camargo e ao M.Sc. Willian Rogers Ferreira de Camargo, pela confirmação nas identificações das espécies. Ao Dr. Felipe Amorim pela atenção, colaboração e valiosas dicas. À M.Sc. Danubia Valente, pela parceria de campo e laboratório, por me permitir desenvolver meu projeto junto com o seu, pelo seu empenho e comprometimento, pela ajuda em todos os momentos solicitado e por sua amizade. À M.Sc. Margarida Freitas, por estar presente em todos os momentos, por sempre me entender, me ouvir e solucionar minhas angustias, pelas divertidas saídas de campo, pela confiança, por me mostrar como se desentender com uma pessoa sem ficar com raiva, por toda ajuda e, por me proporcionar uma linda e sincera amizade. À equipe do LELN, pelos momentos de descontração, companheirismo, amizade e ajuda na realização das coletas e no laboratório em especial Juliana, Raylan, Janaina, Cássio, Josi e Albetiza. Ao Dr. Alfredo Pedroso e Dra. Síria Ribeiro a quem tenho grande estima e admiração, pela confiança, amizade, incentivo, companheirismo, ajudas e por sempre estarem presentes. À M.Sc. Yukari Okada pelos seus valiosos conselhos, empréstimo de livros com ou sem seu consentimento. À todos os professores do PPGRNA, pelos ensinamentos durante o curso. À minha família, minha base, que torceram pelo meu sucesso e comemoram minhas conquistas sempre com muito contentamento. Em especial à minha mãe Clarice Walfredo, pelo amor incondicional, por aturar meus estresses e minhas ausências nos passeios em família e no dia a dia, à minha madrinha Cleuciane Walfredo e Irmã Clarane Walfredo por todo apoio nas horas difíceis. Aos meus avós, meus exemplos de vida e superação e ao meu iv tio José Walfredo que não mede esforços em ser solícito. Sem vocês eu nunca teria conseguido. Aos amigos do curso, especialmente à Leuzimar, Bruna, Ivanny e Elen pela linda amizade que construímos. Aos amigos que estiveram sempre presentes nos dias difíceis, mesmo reclamando da ausência, me proporcionaram momentos que jamais serão esquecidos, em especial Maria José, Thaiane, Jack e Airton. A todos aqueles que tiveram participação ativa e parcialmente deste sonho concretizado o meu muito obrigada. v CONCEIÇÃO, Ana Carla Walfredo da. Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) em savanas na Área de Proteção Ambiental Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil. 2017. 117 páginas. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais. Área de concentração: Estudos e Manejos dos Ecossistemas Amazônicos - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, 2017. RESUMO O levantamento faunístico em savanas nos possibilita o conhecimento da diversidade do local, do potencial biológico dessas áreas e, ajudam a destacar a necessidade de preservação desse ecossistema. Com o objetivo de efetuar estudos faunísticos com esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) em savanas na Área de Proteção Ambiental Alter do Chão, esta pesquisa é composta por dois capítulos, onde, no primeiro analisou-se a fauna de esfingídeos quanto à abundância, riqueza, composição e diversidade no período de um ano, em duas áreas de savana, verificando a sazonalidade, correlação da abundância e riqueza em relação à temperatura, umidade relativa e pluviosidade. As coletas foram mensais, através de armadilha luminosa modelo Pensilvânia, em dois pontos amostrais, durante uma noite em cada área, das 18:00 as 6:00, no período de junho de 2014 a maio de 2015, avaliou-se durante os períodos (mais chuvoso e menos chuvoso), os parâmetros: riqueza (S), abundância (N), dominância, composição, índices de diversidade e uniformidade de Shannon (H‟ e U) e dominância de Berger-Parker (BP). As estimativas de riqueza foram feitas através dos testes não paramétricos: “Bootstrap”, “Chao1”, ACE, “Jackknife1” e “Jackknife2”. No total o resultado obtido foi de 34 espécies e 374 espécimes, com índices (H‟= 2,59; U= 0,733; BP= 0,235), as estimativas de riqueza apontam que foi coletado entre 63% e 87% das espécies esperadas. O estimador “Bootstrap” estimou 39 espécies e “Chao1” 54. O período menos chuvoso foi o que apresentou melhores resultados (S= 26; H‟= 2,40; N= 222). Este, também, foi o mais expressivo para as estimativas de riqueza destacando que, “Jackknife 2” estimou 34 espécies, o mesmo valor da riqueza total encontrada. Em relação às variáveis climáticas somente à abundância e temperatura obtiveram correlação moderada positiva e significativa. A espécie Isognathus caricae (Linnaeus, 1758) foi a mais abundante em ambos os períodos. No segundo capítulo inventariamos a fauna destas mariposas de maio de 2014 a dezembro de 2016 (incluindo as coletas do estudo anterior), com a mesma metodologia de coleta, porém em 90 pontos amostrais. Coletou-se 36 espécies e 836 espécimes, a tribo mais representativa foi Dilophonotini (S= 22 N= 638), o gênero mais rico foi Erinnyis (S= 5) e o mais abundante foi Isognathus (N= 329) e, a espécies Isognathus caricae (N= 220) foi mais a abundante, a proporção de macho para fêmea foi de (3,5: 1). Registra-se a ocorrência de Callionima grisescens (Rothschild, 1894) para o estado do Pará e Amazônia brasileira. Palavras-chave: Bombycoidea, inventariamento, mariposas, sazonalidade. vi CONCEIÇÃO, Ana Carla Walfredo da. Esfingídeos (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) em savanas na Área de Proteção Ambiental Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil. 2017. 117 páginas. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais. Área de concentração: Estudos e Manejos dos Ecossistemas Amazônicos - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, 2017. ABSTRACT Fauna survey in savannas allows the knowledge of the local diversity, the biological potential of these areas and, helps to highlight the importance of preservation of this ecosystem. Aiming to perform faunal studies with sphingids (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on savannas in the Alter do Chão Environmental Protection Area, this research consisted of two chapters, in the first one, the fauna of Sphingidae was analyzed in relation to the abundance, richness, composition and diversity in the period of one year, in two areas of savannas, verifying the seasonality, correlation of abundance and richness in relation to temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. The catches were monthly, through Pennsylvania light trap, at two sampling sites, during one night in each area, from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., from June 2014 to May 2015, was evaluated during the periods (more rainy and less rainy), the parameters: species richness (S), abundance (N), dominance, composition, diversity index and uniformity of Shannon (H' and U) and dominance of Berger-Parker (BP). Estimates of species richness were performed through non-parametric tests: Bootstrap, Chao1, ACE, Jackknife1 and Jackknife2. The total result was 34 species and
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