1988 Olympics Seoul, Korea

USA Gymnastics Online: Results: 1988 Olympics Page 1 of 4 1988 Olympics Seoul, Korea l. Soviet Union 2. East Germany 3. Japan 11. USA Men's All-Around 1. Vladimir Artemov Soviet Union 119.125 2. Valeri Liukin Soviet Union 119.025 3. Dmitri Bilozertchev Soviet Union 118.975 19. Charles Lakes USA 34. Kevin Davis USA 35. Lance Ringnald USA 63. Scott Johnson * USA 67. Dominick Minicucci * USA 69. Wes Suter * USA * prelims Men's Floor Exercise 1. Sergei Kharkov Soviet Union 2. Vladimir Artemov Soviet Union 3t. Yukio Iketani Japan 3t. Yun Lou China Men's Pommel Horse 1t. Dmitri Bilozertchev Soviet Union 1t Zsolt Borkai Hungary 1t. Lyubomir Gueraskov Bulgaria Men's Still Rings 1t. Holger Behrendt East Germany USA Gymnastics Online: Results: 1988 Olympics Page 2 of 4 1t. Dmitri Bilozertchev Soviet Union 3. Sven Tippelt East Germany Men's Vault 1. Yun Lou China 2. Sylvio Kroll East Germany 3. John-Hoon Park South Korea Men's Parallel Bars 1. Vladimir Artemov Soviet Union 2. Valeri Liukin Soviet Union 3. Sven Tippelt East Germany Men's Horizontal Bar 1t. Vladimir Artemov Soviet Union 1t. Valeri Liukin Soviet Union 3t. Holger Behrendt East Germany 3t. Marius Gherman Romania Women's Team 1. Soviet Union 2. Romania 3. East Germany 4. USA Women's All-Around 1. Elena Shoushounova Soviet Union 79.662 2. Daniela Silivas Romania 79.637 3. Svetlana Boguinskaya Soviet Union 79.400 10. Brandy Johnson (Scharpf) USA 15. Phoebe Mills USA 16. Kelly Garrison (Steves) USA USA Gymnastics Online: Results: 1988 Olympics Page 3 of 4 30. Hope Spivey (Sheeley) * USA 32. Chelle Stack * USA 46. Missy Marlowe * USA * prelims Women's Vault 1. Svetlana Boguinskaya Soviet Union 2. Gabriela Potorac Romania 3. Daniela Silivas Romania Women's Uneven Bars 1. Daniela Silivas Romania 2. Dagmar Kersten East Germany 3. Elena Shoushounova Soviet Union Women's Balance Beam 1. Daniela Silivas Romania 2. Elena Shoushounova Soviet Union 3t. Phoebe Mills USA 3t. Gabriela Potorac USA Women's Floor Exercise 1. Daniela Silivas Romania 2. Svetlana Boguinskaya Soviet Union 3. Diana Doudeva Bulgaria Rhythmic All-Around 1. Marina Lobatch Soviet Union 60.000 2. Adriana Dounavska Bulgaria 59.950 3. Alexandra Timochenko Soviet Union 59.875 22. Michelle Berube * USA 26. Diane Simpson * USA USA Gymnastics Online: Results: 1988 Olympics Page 4 of 4 * prelims 1988 Olympics Seoul, Korea Rhythmic Gymnastics – All-Around Competition Rhythmic All Around Final 1988 Olympics Rhythmic AA Finals Rope Hoop Clubs Ribbon Total Prelim Total 1 Lobatch Marina URS 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 40.000 20.000 60.000 2 Dounavska Adriana BUL 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 40.000 19.950 59.950 3 Timochenko Alexandra URS 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 40.000 19.875 59.875 4 Panova Bianka BUL 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 40.000 19.725 59.725 5 Lloret Maria Isabel ESP 9.850 9.850 9.850 9.850 39.400 19.500 58.900 6 Sinko Andrea HUN 9.850 9.800 9.800 9.800 39.250 19.525 58.775 6 Folga Teresa POL 9.800 9.800 9.700 9.900 39.200 19.425 58.625 8 Schmiemann Diana GER 9.800 9.800 9.800 9.800 39.200 19.400 58.600 8 Reljin Milena YUG 9.800 9.700 9.800 9.700 39.000 19.500 58.500 10 Fuzesi Mary CAN 9.800 9.700 9.800 9.800 39.100 19.350 58.450 11 Pang Qiong CHN 9.750 9.700 9.750 9.800 39.000 19.300 58.300 12 Imperatori Micaela ITA 9.700 9.800 9.800 9.600 38.900 19.350 58.250 12 Sokolovska Denisa TCH 9.800 9.700 9.650 9.800 38.950 19.300 58.250 14 Bialkova Eliza POL 9.700 9.800 9.650 9.650 38.800 19.400 58.200 15 Akiyana Erika JPN 9.700 9.600 9.800 9.700 38.800 19.250 58.050 15 He Xiaomin CHN 9.700 9.650 9.700 9.700 38.750 19.250 58.000 17 Erfalvy Nora HUN 9.750 9.550 9.700 9.700 38.700 19.225 57.925 18 Staccioli Giulia ITA 9.800 9.000 9.800 9.800 38.400 19.500 57.900 19 Rothaar Marion GER 9.700 9.600 9.700 9.600 38.600 19.250 57.850 20 Martin Maria ESP 9.800 8.900 9.750 9.750 38.200 19.275 57.475 .

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2001 World Championships
1987 World Gymnastics Championships Rotterdam, Holland October 19-25, 1987 Men's Team 1. Soviet Union 2. China 3. German Democratic Republic 9. United States Men's All-Around 1. Dmitri Bilozertchev URS 2. Yuri Korolev URS 3. Vladimir Artemov URS 22. Dan Hayden USA 51. Charles Lakes * USA 60. Tom Schlesinger * USA 74. Curtis Holdsworth * USA 167. Scott Johnson * USA 176. Tim Daggett * USA * prelims Men's Events Floor Exercise Pommel Horse 1. Lou Yun CHN 1t. Zsolt Borkai HUN 2. Vladimir Artemov URS 1t. Dmitri Bilozertchev URS 3. Lyubomir Gueraskov BUL 3. Lyubomir Gueraskov BUL Still Rings Vault 1. Yuri Korolev URS 1t. Lou Yun CHN 2t. Dmitri Bilozertchev URS 1t. Sylvio Kroll GDR 2t. Li Ning CHN 3. Dian Kolev BUL Parallel Bars High Bar 1. Vladimir Artemov URS 1. Dmitri Bilozertchev URS 2. Dmitri Bilozertchev URS 2. Curtis Hibbert CAN 3. Sven Tippelt GDR 3t. Zsolt Borkai HUN 3t. Holger Behrendt GDR Women's Team 1. Romania 2. Soviet Union 3. German Democratic Republic 6. United States Women's All-Around 1. Aurelia Dobre ROM 2. Elena Shoushounova URS 3. Daniela Silivas ROM 19. Rhonda Faehn USA 21t. Sabrina Mar USA 23. Melissa Marlowe USA 45. Kristie Phillips * USA 48. Phoebe Mills * USA 76. Kelly Garrison-Steves * USA * prelims Women's Events Vault Uneven Bars 1. Elena Shoushounova URS 1t. Daniela Silivas ROM 2. Eugenia Golea ROM 1t. Doerte Thuemmler GDR 3. Aurelia Dobre ROM 3. Elena Shoushounova URS Balance Beam Floor Exercise 1. Aurelia Dobre ROM 1t. Elena Shoushounova URS 2. Elena Shoushounova URS 1t.
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2001 World Championships
1966 World Gymnastics Championships Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany September 21-25, 1966 Men's Team 1. Japan 2. Soviet Union 3. German Democratic Republic 6. United States Men's All-Around 1. Mikhail Voronin URS 2. Shuji Tsurumi JPN 3. Akinori Nakayama JPN 16. Makoto Sakamoto USA 34. Greg Weiss USA 35. Fred Roethlisberger USA 39. Steve Cohen USA 49. Arno Lascari USA 58. Don Tonry USA Men's Floor Exercise 1. Akinori Nakayama JPN 2. Yukio Endo JPN 3. Franco Menichelli ITA Men's Pommel Horse 1. Miroslav Cerar YUG 2. Mikhail Voronin URS 3. Takashi Kato JPN Men's Still Rings 1. Mikhail Voronin URS 2. Akinori Nakayama JPN 3. Franco Menichelli ITA Men's Vault 1. Haruhiro Yamashita JPN 2. Takashi Kato JPN 3. Akinori Nakayama JPN Men's Parallel Bars 1. Sergei Diamidov URS 2. Mikhail Voronin URS 3. Miroslav Cerar YUG Men's High Bar 1. Akinori Nakayama JPN 2. Yukio Endo JPN 3. Takshi Mitsukuri JPN Women's Team 1. Czechoslovakia 2. Soviet Union 3. Japan 6. United States Women's All-Around 1. Vera Caslavska TCH 2. Natalia Kuchinskaya URS 3. Keiko Tanaka Ikeda JPN 27. Doris Fuchs Brause USA 33. Kathy Gleason USA 41. Joyce Tanac (Schroeder) USA 49. Carolyn Hacker USA 50. Debbie Bailey USA 154. Dale McClements (Flansaas) USA Women's Vault 1. Vera Caslavska TCH 2. Erika Zuchold GDR 3. Natalia Kuchinskaya URS Women's Uneven Bars 1. Natalia Kuchinskaya URS 2. Keiko Tanaka Ikeda JPN 3. Taniko Mitsukuri JPN Women's Balance Beam 1. Natalia Kuchinskaya URS 2.
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AGE GROUP DEVELOPMENT and COMPETITION PROGRAM
FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE GYMNASTIQUE Fondée en 1881 AGE GROUP DEVELOPMENT and COMPETITION PROGRAM for Women’s Artistic Gymnastics Principal Authors H a r d y F I N K Lilia ORTIZ LÓPEZ Dieter HOFMANN E d i t i o n 1 - 2 0 2 1 AVENUE DE LA GARE 12A, CASE POSTALE 630, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND TÉL. (+41) 21 321 55 10 – FAX (+41) 21 321 55 19 www.gymnastics.sport – [email protected] Page 2 de 127 Table of Contents 1 Acknowledgements Page 4 2 Overview and Philosophy of FIG Age Group Development Program Page 5 3 Overview of Long-Term Gymnast Development Page 9 4 Competition Program – Compulsory Exercises and Optional Rules Page 15 5 Compulsory Exercises Page 33 6 Physical and Technical Ability Testing Program Page 83 7 Music & Rhythm & Ballet Development and Testing Program Page 111 8 Skill Acquisition Profiles Page 121 Where there is a difference among the languages, the English text shall be considered correct. Copyright Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) – 2015 Avenue de la Gare 12A, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland Tf: +41 21 321 55 10 – Fx: +41 21 321 55 19 – [email protected] Page 3 de 127 Acknowledgements Many persons have contributed to the full content, development and preparation of this FIG Age Group Program. The project was initiated and encouraged by FIG President, Prof. Bruno GRANDI to serve as an effective program for the safe and systematic long-term development of gymnasts. The development and implementation of this FIG Age Group Program is partially funded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
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37Th World Championships Artistic Gymnastics Anaheim (USA) August 16-24, 2003
37th World Championships Artistic Gymnastics Anaheim (USA) August 16-24, 2003 Men's Team Fed FX PH SR VT PB HB Total Finals 1 China CHN 28.162 28.649 28.824 28.762 28.712 28.887 171.966 2 United States USA 28.275 28.099 29.061 28.199 28.700 28.787 171.121 3 Japan JPN 27.562 28.499 28.799 28.412 28.700 28.736 170.708 4 Russia RUS 27.699 28.374 27.575 28.062 28.699 28.362 168.771 5 Romania ROM 26.887 28.449 28.812 27.787 27.412 28.562 167.909 6 Korea KOR 27.575 27.499 28.899 27.487 27.249 27.574 166.283 7 France FRA 27.787 27.524 28.199 27.487 28.137 26.412 165.546 8 Ukraine UKR 26.562 27.636 29.049 27.325 27.474 27.062 165.108 Men's All-Around Fed FX PH SR VT PB HB Total Finals 1 HAMM Paul USA 9.625 9.700 9.475 9.537 9.662 9.775 57.774 2 YANG Wei CHN 9.662 9.587 9.625 9.637 9.587 9.612 57.710 3 TOMITA Hiroyuki JPN 9.200 9.737 9.662 9.462 9.687 9.687 57.435 4 YERIMBETOV Yernar KAZ 9.450 9.662 9.450 9.550 9.612 9.562 57.286 5 LOPEZ RIOS Eric CUB 9.012 9.650 9.637 9.500 9.600 9.212 56.611 6 DRAGULESCU Marian ROM 9.550 8.787 9.550 9.850 9.350 9.487 56.574 7 TSUKAHARA Naoya JPN 9.425 9.675 9.550 9.437 9.687 8.612 56.386 8 GATSON Jason USA 9.450 8.862 9.675 9.237 9.562 9.562 56.348 9 ZOZULIA Roman UKR 9.025 9.375 9.637 8.975 9.587 9.562 56.161 10 MYEZYENTSEV Ruslan UKR 9.400 9.400 9.550 9.425 8.837 9.112 55.724 11 BONDARENKO Alexei RUS 9.200 9.412 9.325 9.550 9.412 8.700 55.599 12 YANG Tae-Young KOR 9.087 9.337 9.625 9.025 9.537 8.912 55.523 13 KWIATKOWSKI Sven GER 9.212 9.375 8.775 9.387 9.225 9.512 55.486 14 SAVENKOV Denis BLR 9.537 8.987
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National Collegiate Women's Gymnastics
NATIONAL COLLEGIATE WOMEN’S GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS RECORDS BOOK 2015 Championship 2 History 4 Brackets 17 2015 CHAMPIONSHIP HIGHLIGHTS Florida’s McMurtry finishes off triumphant title victory: Alex McMurtry is the youngest member of the Florida gymnastics team. Maybe the 18-year-old isn’t old enough to feel pressure. Maybe she didn’t know she should. On the final rotation Saturday night -- the uneven bars -- Florida needed a 9.95 or better to win its third consecutive NCAA gymnastics title. All McMurtry did was execute her best routine of the season, earning a career-best 9.95 to propel the Gators a final score of 197.850 and the national championship. “I didn’t necessarily know what score I had to get,” McMurtey said. “I think that would have made it even harder for me so I knew I had a job to do and I knew my teammates had my back. Going last is sometimes a good position, sometimes a bad position, and we had five girls hit routines so I knew my teammates had my back and I just had to do my job. It all worked out for me and that was one of the best routines of my career.” “It’s amazing that she came out under this heavy pressure situation as a freshman and performed as well as she did everywhere,” Florida head coach Rhonda Faehn said.“To anchor that bar lineup, to have that fight for every little thing, it’s not only amazing, it speaks volumes for what she will continue to bring to this team in the future, which is exciting.” Faehn had her back to the scoreboard and paid no attention to the other teams competing.
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Gymnastics National Collegiate Women’S
Gymnastics NATIONAL COLLEGIATE WOMEN’S 2009 TEAM STANDINGS (tie) Sarah Curtis, Michigan, and Elise Wheeler, Southern Uneven parallel bars: 1. Courtney Kupets, Georgia, 9.9500; (Note: Scores for the top six teams are from the team- Utah, 39.325; 19. (tie) Whitney Bencsko, Penn St.; Allison 2. Carly Janiga, Stanford, 9.9125, 3. (tie) Kristina Baskett, final session. Scores for all other teams are from the Buckley, Illinois; and Melanie Sinclair, Florida, 39.300; Utah, and Alicia Goodwin, Florida, 9.900; 5. (tie) Ariana Berlin, team-preliminary session.) 22. Casey Jo Magee, Arkansas, and Geralen Stack-Eaton, UCLA, and Kathryn Ding, Georgia, 9.8875; 7. (tie) Melanie 1. Georgia..................................................................197.825 Alabama, 39.275; 24. (tie) Morgan Dennis, Alabama; Sabrina Sinclair, Florida, and Michelle Stout, Arkansas, 9.8625; 2. Alabama ...............................................................197.575 Franceschelli, LSU; and Carly Janiga, Stanford, 39.250; 27. 9. Ashleigh Clare-Kearney, LSU, 9.8500; 10. (tie) Morgan 3. Utah ........................................................................197.425 (tie) Kelley Hennigan, Denver; Brandi Personett, Penn St.; and Dennis, Alabama, and Nicole Ourada, Stanford, 9.8125; 12. 4. Florida ....................................................................196.725 Sarah Shire, Missouri, 39.200; 30. (tie) Corey Hartung, Florida, Ashley Priess, Alabama, 9.8000; 13. (tie) Alexandra Brockway, 5. Arkansas ...............................................................196.475 and Elizabeth Mahlich, Florida, 39.175; 32. Courtney Gladys, Penn St., and Elise Wheeler, Southern Utah, 9.7875; 15. Grace 6. LSU ..........................................................................196.375 Florida, 39.150; 33. Ashley Jackson, Oklahoma, 39.125; 34. Taylor, Georgia, 9.4625; 16. Summer Hubbard, LSU, 9.0500. 7. UCLA ......................................................................196.625 Nicole Ourada, Stanford, 39.100; 35. (tie) Rebecca Best, Balance beam: 1.
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1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships Stuttgart, Germany October 14-22, 1989
1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships Stuttgart, Germany October 14-22, 1989 MAG , Team Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 URS 587.250 2 GDR 580.850 3 CHN 579.300 MAG , All Around Note Final Qualif Note Final Qualif 1 KOROBCHINSKI Igor URS 59.250 2 MOGILNY Valentin URS 59.150 3 LI Jing CHN 58.800 10 CHECHI Yuri ITA 58.300 MAG , Floor Exercise Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif KOROBCHINSKI 1 URS 9.937 Igor 2 ARTEMOV Vladimir URS 9.875 3 LI Chunyang CHN 9.850 5 CHECHI Yuri ITA 9.775 MAG , Pommel Horse Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 MOGILNY Valentin URS 10.000 2 WECKER Andreas GDR 9.962 3 LI Jing CHN 9.937 MAG , Rings Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 AGUILAR Andreas FRG 9.875 2 WECKER Andreas GDR 9.862 3 CHECHI Yuri ITA 9.812 3 MARINICH Vitali URS 9.812 MAG , Vault Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 BEHREND Joerg GER 9.881 2 KROLL Sylvio GER 9.874 3 ARTEMOV Vladimir URS 9.868 MAG , Parallel Bars Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 LI Jing CHN 9.900 1 ARTEMOV Vladimir URS 9.900 3 WECKER Andreas GDR 9.887 MAG , Horizontal Bar Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 LI Chunyang CHN 9.950 2 ARTEMOV Vladimir URS 9.900 3 IKETANI Yukio JPN 9.875 WAG , Team Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 URS 396.793 2 ROM 394.931 3 CHN 392.116 WAG , All Around Note Note Final Qualif Final Qualif BOGUINSKAYA 1 RUS 39.900 Svetlana 2 LASHENOVA Natalia RUS 39.862 3 STRAGEVA Olga RUS 39.774 WAG , Vault Note Note Final Qualif Final Qualif 1 DUDNIK Olesia URS 9.987 2 BONTAS Cristina ROM 9.950 JOHNSON 2 USA 9.950 Brandy WAG , Uneven Bar Note Final Qualif Note Final Qualif 1 FAN Di CHN 10.000 SILIVAS 1 ROM 10.000 Daniela STRAGEVA 3 URS 9.975 Olga WAG , Balance Beam Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 SILIVAS Daniela ROM 9.950 2 DUDNIK Olesia URS 9.937 3 POTORAC Gabriela ROM 9.887 WAG , Floor Exercise Final Qualif Note Final Note Qualif 1 SILIVAS Daniela ROM 10.000 1 BOGUINSKAYA Svetlana URS 10.000 3 BONTAS Cristina ROM 9.962 .
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Women's Artistic Gymnastics Routines
WOMEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ROUTINES 2019-2027 WRITTEN TEXT LEVEL A Vault P. 2 Uneven Bars P. 2 Balance Beam P. 3 Floor Exercise P. 3 LEVEL B Vault P. 4 Uneven Bars P. 4 Balance Beam P. 5 Floor Exercise P. 5 LEVEL C Vault P. 6 Uneven Bars P. 7 Balance Beam P. 8 Floor Exercise P. 9 LEVEL 1 Vault P. 10 Uneven Bars P. 11 Balance Beam P. 12 Floor Exercise P. 13 LEVEL 2 Vault P. 15 Uneven Bars P. 16 Balance Beam P. 17 Floor Exercise P. 19 LEVEL 3 Vault P. 21 Uneven Bars P. 22 Balance Beam P. 22 Floor Exercise P. 23 LEVEL 4 Vault P. 24 Uneven Bars P. 25 Balance Beam P. 25 Floor Exercise P. 26 1 LEVEL A VAULT (Level A) The video is the official version. This written text is merely an additional teaching tool. * Spotter required May be performed in a wheelchair or with a walker (or other assistance) Value Element 2.0 Salute to judge 2.0 Move to a designated point 2.0 “Stick” landing 2.0 Salute to judge Difficulty 8.0 Execution 2.0 Max. score 10.0 UNEVEN BARS (Level A) The video is the official version of the routine. This written text is merely an additional teaching tool. * Spotter required Performed seated, either with a hand held single bar or the low bar of the uneven bars Value Element 1.0 Salute at beginning of the routine 2.0 Grasp the bar in an overgrip (either simultaneously or one hand at a time) 1.0 Change 1 hand to an undergrip.
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Super Powers Swap Spies
Historical News Rock 1962 Year-IN-Review: National News Super Powers Swap Spies NASA Astronaut John Glenn, First American to Orbit Earth By Gabino Valero-Nolasco On February 20, 1962, John Glenn became the first American man to orbit the earth when he circled the planet three times while on board Friendship 7 as part of Project Mercury. Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight Program for the Francis Gary Power on the left and Rudolf Abel on the right US, beginning in 1958. The goals of Project Mercury was to have a man orbit the earth and return him safely home. By Abdirauf Sallah spy plane and was shot down The project was an early highlight of the space race between the while flying a reconnaissance Soviet Union and the United States. The race began when the On February 10, 1962, Francis mission over the Soviet Union Soviets launched a satellite named Sputnik 1 in 1957. Gary Powers was released by the airspace causing the Cold War in Soviets in trade for Soviet Colonel 1960. The American public was in shock and this led to the creation of Rudolf Abel, an Advanced KGB spy who was caught in the United After his release, Powers said, “I the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. Project Mercury was approved on October 7, 1958 and President States five years earlier. was a pilot flying an airplane and it just so happened that, Eisenhower announced it publicly on December 17. The two spies were brought to where I was flying, made what I The Mercury spacecraft was 10.8 feet long and 6.0 feet wide.
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What's Happened to the "Free" in Floor Exercise? Page 1 of 3
USA Gymnastics Online: Technique: What's Happened to the "Free" in Floor Exercise? Page 1 of 3 What's Happened to the "Free" in Floor Exercise? by Toby Towson When I used to compete in gymnastics, the floor exercise event was also known as "free exercise." It had a nice ring to it. In Spanish it was called "manos libres," or "free hand." Unencumbered by apparatus and the need to grip an object, the gymnast was "free" to move on a plain surface, to explore and play with gravity, and to test his balance, strength, flexibility, and acrobatics. Nearly everyone had a particular movement, pose, or rhythm which distinguished him from other gymnasts. My hero, when I started competitive gymnastics, was Franco Menichelli, world champion in free exercise from Italy, and he gave meaning to the word "free." His routines were well constructed compositions of confident tumbling and fluid moving transitions which exhibited his high energy and enthusiasm for performing. Franco inspired many of us to find our own freedom in the floor exercise event. One hardly ever hears the term free exercise ("free ex") anymore, and I suppose it's not a coincidence. Where is the freedom in today's men's floor exercise? For the most part one routine looks pretty much like the next. Most male gymnasts have adopted a stiff, stick- figure like approach to the event, expressionless except for the energy of the tumbling or the flair handstand. Rather than acknowledge the audience and the reality of the artistic performance experience, the gymnasts close themselves in a bubble of inner focus which leaves little opening for the observers to share in the experience.
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The Neuroscience of Learned Behaviors
Train Your Brain The Neuroscience of Learned Behaviors by Gregory L. Vogt, Ed.D., Barbara Z. Tharp, M.S., Christopher Burnett, B.A., and Nancy P. Moreno, Ph.D. © 2015 Baylor College of Medicine © 2015 by Baylor College of Medicine. All rights reserved. Field-test version. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-1-944035-03-7 BioEdSM TEACHER RESOURCES FROM THE CENTER FOR EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH AT BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE The mark “BioEd” is a service mark of Baylor College of Medicine. Development of The Learning Brain educational materials was supported by grant number 5R25DA033006 from the National Institutes of Health, NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research Science Education Award, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), administered through the Office of the Director, Science Education Partnership Award program (Principal Investigator, Nancy Moreno, Ph.D.). The activities described in this book are intended for school-age children under direct supervision of adults. The authors, BCM, NIDA and NIH cannot be responsible for any accidents or injuries that may result from conduct of the activities, from not specifically following directions, or from ignoring cautions contained in the text. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of BCM, image contributors or the sponsoring agencies. No part of this book may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic or electronic process, or in the form of an audio recording; nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use without prior written permission of the publisher.
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THE BEST IS the BEST: Why Hu Kexin of China Deserved Olympic Gold Dustin Newcombe
THE BEST IS THE BEST: Why Hu Kexin of China Deserved Olympic Gold Dustin Newcombe At the 1976 Montreal Olympics, Nadia Comenici created an iconic image in her dismount from the uneven bars. The judges called it perfect and gave her a ten. It was the first ten awarded in gymnastics at the Olympics in the modern era. She made history that night. She was 14 years old. Bela Karolyi was her coach. How the rules have changed! Nadia Comenici would not have made history in 2008. It’s not because the judging system has changed and the perfect 10 is no longer the standard. Instead, Comenici would not have competed because of the minimum age requirement. If by some twist of fate or fancy paperwork doctoring she made it into the competition, an eccentric and outspoken American coach named Bela Karolyi would cry fowl and call the Romanians cheaters. Without the perfect ten standard, Comenici’s iconography might have been simply great biography. But the new judging system does one thing adequately: it manages human error/favor. The age limit is another example of human error that needs changed. It’s arbitrary, discriminatory, and hinders greatness in gymnasts that peak young. Gymnastics is fickle; it’s a revolving door for the new and old. The physical and mental demands of the sport make injury likely and peak sustenance difficult. It’s rare that fans can follow their favorite gymnasts, like Nadia Comenici and Shannon Miller, through multiple Olympics. Age limiting might be well intended to reduce injury (physical and mental) among young female athletes.
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