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Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid Mussels (Dreissena Polymorpha, Dreissena Rostriformis Bugensis, and Mytilopsis Leucophaeata) in Canadian Freshwater Ecosystems

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Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid Mussels (Dreissena Polymorpha, Dreissena Rostriformis Bugensis, and Mytilopsis Leucophaeata) in Canadian Freshwater Ecosystems C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2012/174 Document de recherche 2012/174 National Capital Region Région de la capitale nationale Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid Évaluation des risques posés par trois Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, espèces de moules dreissénidées Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, and (Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena Mytilopsis leucophaeata) in Canadian rostriformis bugensis et Mytilopsis Freshwater Ecosystems leucophaeata) dans les écosystèmes d'eau douce au Canada Thomas W. Therriault1, Andrea M. Weise2, Scott N. Higgins3, Yinuo Guo1*, and Johannie Duhaime4 Fisheries & Oceans Canada 1Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 2Institut Maurice-Lamontagne 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z48 3Freshwater Institute 501 University Drive, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 4Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 867 Lakeshore Road, PO Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 * YMCA Youth Intern This series documents the scientific basis for the La présente série documente les fondements evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in scientifiques des évaluations des ressources et des Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the écosystèmes aquatiques du Canada. Elle traite des day in the time frames required and the problèmes courants selon les échéanciers dictés. documents it contains are not intended as Les documents qu‟elle contient ne doivent pas être definitive statements on the subjects addressed considérés comme des énoncés définitifs sur les but rather as progress reports on ongoing sujets traités, mais plutôt comme des rapports investigations. d‟étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the official Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans la language in which they are provided to the langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit envoyé au Secretariat. Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at Ce document est disponible sur l‟Internet à www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ ISSN 1499-3848 (Printed / Imprimé) ISSN 1919-5044 (Online / En ligne) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2013 © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................. IV RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................................................................................................. V INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 RISK ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Rationale .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Scope and Scale .................................................................................................................................................... 1 BIOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Species Descriptions ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Habitat Preferences.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Life History ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Population (Genetic) Structure ........................................................................................................................... 10 Ecological Impacts.............................................................................................................................................. 10 Potential Interactions with Species At Risk ........................................................................................................ 12 VECTORS ................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Primary Invasion................................................................................................................................................. 13 Secondary Invasion/Dispersal (Spread) .............................................................................................................. 13 DISTRIBUTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Native Ranges .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Introduced Ranges ............................................................................................................................................. 14 METHODS AND MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................. 15 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 15 Determining the Probability of Survival (Habitat Suitability) ............................................................................. 15 Determining the Probability of Arrival ............................................................................................................... 16 Determining the Probability of Invasion ............................................................................................................ 17 Defining Impacts and Uncertainty ..................................................................................................................... 17 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ZEBRA MUSSEL (DREISSENA POLYMORPHA) .................................................................... 17 STEP 1: DETERMINING THE PROBABILITY OF INVASION .......................................................................................... 17 Probability of Survival (Habitat Suitability) ........................................................................................................ 17 Probability of Arrival .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Probability of Invasion ........................................................................................................................................ 19 STEP 2: DETERMINING THE IMPACTS OF INVASION ................................................................................................ 19 ii STEP 3: RISK TO ENVIRONMENT: COMBINING THE PROBABILITY OF INVASION WITH THE IMPACTS OF INVASION 20 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR QUAGGA MUSSEL (DREISSENA ROSTRIFORMIS BUGENSIS) ............................................. 21 STEP 1: DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF INVASION ................................................................................................. 21 Probability of Survival (Habitat Suitability) ........................................................................................................ 21 Probability of Arrival .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Probability of Invasion ........................................................................................................................................ 22 STEP 2: DETERMINING THE IMPACTS OF INVASION ................................................................................................ 22 STEP 3: RISK TO ENVIRONMENT: COMBINING THE PROBABILITY OF INVASION WITH THE IMPACTS OF INVASION 23 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DARK FALSEMUSSEL (MYTILOPSIS LEUCOPHEATA) ......................................................... 23 STEP 1: DETERMINING THE PROBABILITY OF INVASION .......................................................................................... 23 STEP 2: DETERMINING THE IMPACTS OF INVASION ................................................................................................ 23 STEP 3: RISK TO ENVIRONMENT: COMBINING THE PROBABILITY OF INVASION WITH THE IMPACTS OF INVASION 23 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 27 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................
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