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Littérature Et Société En Asie Centrale Cahiers d’Asie centrale 24 | 2015 Littérature et Société en Asie centrale Nouvelles sources pour l’étude des relations entre culture et pouvoir du XVe siècle jusqu’à nos jours Literature and Society in Central Asia: new sources for the Study of Culture and Power from the Fifteenth century to the Present Gulnara Aitpaeva et Marc Toutant (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/2751 ISSN : 2075-5325 Éditeur Éditions De Boccard Édition imprimée Date de publication : 10 mars 2015 ISBN : 978-2-84743-112-4 ISSN : 1270-9247 Référence électronique Gulnara Aitpaeva et Marc Toutant (dir.), Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015, « Littérature et Société en Asie centrale » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 10 mars 2016, consulté le 09 mai 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/2751 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 9 mai 2020. © Tous droits réservés 1 La littérature de ce que l’on a convenu d’appeler « l’Asie centrale » a été composée dans une grande variété de langages sur un vaste territoire qui inclut non seulement les cinq républiques de l’ex-Union soviétique (Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Tadjikistan), mais aussi l’Azerbaïdjan, l’Afghanistan, la Mongolie, le Tibet, le Népal, le Bhoutan, ainsi que certaines régions de la Russie et de la Chine (la région autonome ouïgoure du Xinjiang pour ne citer qu’elle). Inutile de dire que les œuvres produites dans ce vaste ensemble forment une somme considérable de matériaux, à la fois écrits et oraux, qui auraient peut-être requis davantage d’attention que celle que l’on leur a accordée jusqu’ici, au moins dans les recherches réalisées en Occident. Compte tenu du déficit de publications dans ce domaine, le fait que les Cahiers d’Asie centrale consacrent un numéro à ce sujet mérite toute notre attention. Mais ce volume est certainement plus qu’une contribution à l’étude de la littérature centrasiatique. En se concentrant sur les défis sociétaux tels qu’ils se reflètent dans la production littéraire, cet ouvrage aimerait bien entendu apporter des réponses, mais aussi des nouvelles formes de questionnements sur la façon dont les différentes sociétés et les populations de cette aire ont représenté leur propre cheminement historique. Avec la perspective d’étudier comment la littérature pouvait être utilisée telle une véritable source historiographique, et plus généralement avec l’intention d’évaluer le niveau d’intrication de la littérature avec la société qui la produit, les différents contributeurs ont consacré une attention particulière au problème des relations établies entre culture et pouvoir. A cet égard, la période historique ici considérée s’étend du XVe siècle jusqu’à nos jours. Elle commence avec la fin de l’époque médiévale, lorsque la Renaissance Timouride offre ses plus belles heures, et s’achève avec la situation de la littérature kirghize contemporaine, incluant dans l’intervalle l’époque pré-moderne envisagée du point de vue des écrits mystiques d’un poète du Turkestan oriental, ainsi que la période de la colonisation russe et l’ère soviétique qui lui succède directement. The literature of what has been labelled ‘Central Asia’ has been produced in a variety of languages and across a huge area, which includes not only the five republics of the former Soviet Union (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), but also Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of Russia and China (the Uyghur Autonomous Region). Needless to say the literary works produced in this vast space represent a considerable amount of material, both oral and written, which would maybe require more attention than they are actually given thus far, at least in the Western academic world. Given the scarcity of publications in the field, the fact that the Cahiers d’Asie centrale is devoting a single issue to this matter is something that deserves due attention. But this issue is certainly more than a contribution to the study of Central Asian literature. Indeed, by aiming to focus on the societal challenges reflected by Central Asian literary production, this volume would like to bring answers, as well as new kinds of question regarding the way the various societies and peoples of this geographic area have depicted their own historical trajectories. Within the perspective of examining the way literature can be used as a source of historiography, and more generally speaking with the aim of assessing the interconnectedness of society and literature, the various contributors have devoted a specific attention to the issue of the relationships between culture and power. In this regard the historical timeline that is encompassed extends from the fifteenth century up to the present day. It begins with the end of the medieval times, when the Timurid Renaissance achieved the production of its finest Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015 2 hours, and ends with the situation of contemporary Kyrgyz literature, including in the period between the early modern times looked at from the viewpoint of the mystical writings of an Eastern Turkestanese poet, as well as the Russian colonisation and the Soviet era. Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015 3 SOMMAIRE Introduction Marc Toutant et Gulnara Aitpaeva Introduction (English) Gulnara Aitpaeva et Marc Toutant La fin de l'époque médiévale : l'ère des derniers Timourides From Herat to Shiraz: the Unique Manuscript (876/1471) of ‘Alī Shīr Nawā’ī’s Poetry from Aq Qoyunlu Circle Aftandil Erkinov La réponse du poète chaghatay Nawā’ī au poète persan Niẓāmī Le sultan timouride, « refuge de la charia » Marc Toutant Un cas de ‘vérisme’ littéraire timouride : Le conte du mercredi dans les Haft Manẓar de ‘Abd Allāh Hātifī Michele Bernardini Le début des Temps modernes : une époque d'incertitudes Kharābātī (1638-1730), un poète populaire du Turkestan oriental Alexandre Papas La colonisation russe : un dialogue contraint Le contrôle impérial des répertoires poétiques. La mise au pas des prédicateurs maddāḥ dans le Gouvernorat général du Turkestan (fin XIXe-début XXe siècle) Aftandil Erkinov La période soviétique : disjonction et développement Educating the Poets and Fostering Uzbek Poetry of the 1910s to Early 1930s Ingeborg Baldauf Performing as Soviet Central Asia’s Source Texts: Lahuti and Džambul in Moscow, 1935-1936 Katharine Holt Romance, Passion Play, Optimistic Tragedy: Soviet National Theatre and the Reforging of Farhad Samuel Hodgkin Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015 4 Criticism as War: The Ideological Battlefield of Uzbek Literary Studies from the 1950s to the 1990s Zulkhumor Mirzaeva De la perestroïka aux indépendances : nouvelles trajectoires et nouveaux enjeux littéraires au Kirghizstan Kyrgyz Prose During Perestroika: Anticipating or Constructing the Future? Gulnara Aitpaeva La littérature du Kirghizstan confrontée aux nouvelles conditions géopolitiques et historico- culturelles : le discours russe Bakhtiar Kojcuev La littérature comme mise en archive d’une identité : l’expérience des auteurs russes du Kirghizstan postsoviétique Èleonora Proâeva Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015 5 Introduction Marc Toutant et Gulnara Aitpaeva 1 En se concentrant sur les défis sociétaux tels qu’ils se reflètent dans la production littéraire centrasiatique, ce nouveau volume des Cahiers d’Asie centrale propose d’apporter des réponses, mais aussi de nouvelles formes de questionnements sur la façon dont les différentes sociétés et les populations de cette aire ont dépeint leur propre cheminement historique au cours des siècles. 2 Bien avant l’arrivée de l’islam, la route de la Soie s’est présentée comme une voie par où transitaient non seulement les marchandises à travers les grandes cités caravanières, mais aussi des éléments de civilisation, à l’image de la littérature religieuse ouïgoure dans laquelle cohabite une pluralité d’influences, à la fois bouddhistes, manichéennes et nestoriennes. Par la suite, la nouvelle expérience spirituelle que constitua la diffusion de l’islam, les transformations occasionnées par le cataclysme de l’invasion mongole, et l’avènement de l’Empire timouride, furent autant de bouleversements qui modelèrent la région, avant que la rivalité entre les Empires britannique et russe pour le contrôle de cet ensemble ne redessine, une fois de plus, le futur de ces sociétés. À nombre de questions soulevées par ces processus historiques complexes, la littérature peut donner de véritables réponses et, tout au moins, aider les historiens, les anthropologues, les sociologues et les autres chercheurs dans leur propre champ d’investigation. 3 La littérature de ce que l’on a convenu d’appeler l’Asie centrale a été composée dans une importante variété de langages sur un territoire défini grossièrement comme l’espace limité à l’est par le bassin du Tarim en Chine, à l’ouest par la mer Caspienne et au sud par le fleuve Amou-Daria (l’Oxus). Cette aire inclut non seulement les cinq républiques de l’ex-Union soviétique (Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Tadjikistan), mais aussi l’Azerbaïdjan, l’Afghanistan, la Mongolie, le Tibet, le Népal, le Bhoutan, ainsi que certaines régions de la Russie et de la Chine (la région autonome ouïgoure du Xinjiang pour ne citer qu’elle). Inutile de dire que les œuvres produites dans ce vaste ensemble forment une somme considérable de matériaux, à la fois écrits et oraux, qui auraient peut-être requis davantage d’attention que celle qui leur a été accordée jusqu’ici, au moins dans les recherches réalisées en Occident, et ce malgré le travail déjà accompli par une poignée d’éminents savants dont les noms Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 24 | 2015 6 seront pour certains mentionnés dans les pages qui suivent. Quoi qu’il en soit, compte tenu du déficit de publications dans ce domaine, le fait que les Cahiers d’Asie centrale consacrent un numéro à ce sujet mérite toute notre attention. 4 Le présent ouvrage est le fruit d’une collaboration internationale entre de jeunes chercheurs et des spécialistes confirmés, issus de divers pays et traditions académiques.
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