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Neomysis Mercedis Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysidacea a Mysid, Or Opossum Shrimp Family: Mysidae

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Neomysis Mercedis Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysidacea a Mysid, Or Opossum Shrimp Family: Mysidae Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Neomysis mercedis Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysidacea A mysid, or opossum shrimp Family: Mysidae Taxonomy: Neomysis awatschensis, N. Carapace: Not attached dorsally at intermedia, and N. mercedis were considered posterior edge. Anterior lateral angles acute three different species (with distinct (Figs. 1, 3). morphology) from the western Pacific, Rostrum: A short triangle with northwestern Pacific and northeast Pacific obtusely pointed apex, and rounded, “flanged” coasts (Tattersall 1951; Holmquist 1973; corners (Tattersall and Tattersall 1951). A Brand et al. 1993), but have since been medial depression obscures the pointed apex synonymized as N. mercedis (Moldin 2007). (Holmquist 1973). In total size, rostrum is only as long as bases of eyestalks (Tattersall Description and Tattersall 1951) (Figs. 1, 3). Size: Adults range in size from 11 to 17 mm Eyes: On movable stalks and about in length (Banner 1948b). The illustrated 1.5 times as long as broad and with corneas specimens (from the Columbia River estuary) that are expanded, but not separated into two were up to 17 mm long. portions (Fig. 3). Color: Clear body with black Antennae: Long, slender, and multi- chromatophores, although an individual articulate (Fig. 1). caught on eelgrass was yellow green Antennae Scale: (= squama) Long, (Banner 1948b). narrow, about eight times longer than wide General Morphology: Mysids are shrimp- (Banner 1948b; Brandt et al. 1993). The size like crustaceans that are occasionally called of the scale, however, may vary among opossum shrimp due to the female individuals (Holmquist 1973). The scale is marsupium or brood pouch, which is setose all around and is with pointed apex composed of oostegites. Like other pointed (Neomysis, Tattersall 1933; Moldin Peracarida (e.g., cumaceans, isopods, 2007) and an articulated tip (Fig. 3). amphipods, tanaids), their bodies are Mouthparts: For general mouthpart elongated and composed of an anterior morphology for the Mysida see Fig. 3, Meland cephalon and pereon (thorax, covered by a et al. 2015. In N. mercedis, the labrum is carapace), and a pleon (abdomen). At the normal (i.e. not produced posteriorly as a cleft posterior end, they have a telson and plate, and with anterior sharp point, Tattersall uropods. Among the Mysidacea specifically, 1933). Anterior is pointed, but not with long the carapace is attached to the thorax by sharp spine (Holmquist 1973). The anterior segments only and the posterior mandibles are without expanded cutting lobe dorsal edge is free (Banner 1948a) (Fig. 1). (Banner 1948a). Mysid eyes are stalked, antennules are Pereon: Anterior pereonites attached to biramous, antennae have a long scale (or carapace. squama), pleopods are often reduced, Pereopods: First pereopod with thoracic legs bear swimming exopodites and endite of basipodite well developed (Banner uropods are lamellar and form tail fan. 1948b). The endopod has a maxilliped-like Mysids are easily distinguished from other feeding structure. The second, third and Peracardia by the presence of a statocyst on fourth articles have enlarged lobes (Fig. 4) the uropod endopods (see Plate 220, Moldin (Banner 1948b). Legs 3–8 are similar, but 2007; Vicente et al. 2014; Fig. 1, Meland et al. third leg is not copulatory (Banner 1948). 2015). Endopods with 8–10 articles (Fig. 5). Cephalon: Pleon: Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Neomysis mercedis. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12724 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Pleopods: In males, the first and The third pleopod is more or less reduced and second pleopods are rudimentary, and the only the fourth is biramous (Neomysis, second is uniramous (Banner 1948a) (Fig. 6). Banner 1948b). Furthermore, the fourth pleopod is short and slightly curved in N. Other orders of Peracarida include mercedis (Holmquist 1973; Moldin 2007), with lsopoda, Tanaidacea, and Amphipoda, which shortened, uniarticulate endopodite, long are all fairly easily distinguished from exopodite consisting of two articles, and with Mysidacea. One order that might be two terminal pincer setae (Banner 1948b) confused is Cumacea, small crustaceans of (Fig. 7). The fifth pleopods are rudimentary. up to ½ inch long, with an inflated, shrimp- In females, all pleopods are small, like carapace (see Cumella vulgaris, this uniarticulate, and rudimentary (Fig. 8). guide), a single compound recessed eye Telson: Short, and about twice as long as (except for some eyeless females of some broad. The tip is broadly triangular and not species), and a flexible, tubular abdomen. cleft (Brandt et al. 1993). The telson bears Mysids characteristically have large, stalked, 12–15 pairs of lateral spines (Holmquist 1973) movable eyes, and well developed exopodites (10 in illustrated specimen). The tip has two on their thoracic legs. Mature females have pairs of spines, the outer pair long and the oostegites forming a marsupium. Additionally, inner pair very small and not setose (Banner northeast Pacific mysids lack thoracic gills, 1948b) (Fig. 9). have reduced pleopods in females (and Uropods: Uropod endopods with about 30 sometimes in males). They also have a close set spines along the inner, ventral edge, statocyst on the inner ramus of the uropod. near the statocyst (Fig. 9). The exopods are The Mysidacea is divided into two undivided, and with setae only (no spines) on suborders, the Mysida (approximately 1,200 both outer and inner margins. species worldwide) and Lophogastrida (58 Statocyst: A balance and light organ found species worldwide) (Vicente et al. 2014; on the uropod endopod that is large, opaque, Meland et al. 2015). The former suborder and white in preservation (Fig. 9). comprises coastal and intertidal species while Sexual Dimorphism: The fourth male the latter includes mostly large, pelagic and pleopod is short, slightly curved and deep-sea mysids. These suborders are easily biramous. Mature females are recognizable differentiable by the presence of branchial by oostegites and two pairs of lamellae, or gills, biramous pleopods and the lack of pleura. The anterior pair is with posterior statocysts in Lophogastrida (branchia are "baling lobe" to assist in aerating embryos absent, pleopods are reduced and statocysts and has a setose ventral edge (Fig. 2). are conspicuous in the Mysida) (Moldin 2007). Neomysis mercedis belongs to the Possible Misidentifications Mysida, lacking gills or branchiae on the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea, being thoracic legs and having rather reduced superficially similar in appearance, are often female pleopods. treated together (e.g. Banner 1948a; Within the Mysicadea locally, there are Mauchline 1980). (They were formerly 15 species comprising the following genera: combined as the Schizopoda.) Both are Acanthomysis and Neomysis (comprising orders of the class Malacostraca, but three species and four species, respectively), euphausiids are in the group (i.e. superorder) and Hyperacanthomysis, Alienacanthomysis, Eucarida with the Decapoda (Martin 2007). Columbiaemysis, Deltamysis, Like the mysids, euphausiids differ from Exacanthomysis, Hippacanthomysis, decapods in having biramous thoracic legs Holmesimysis, and Archaeomysis (each with (Kasaoka 1974). Unlike the mysids, a single species represented locally) (Moldin euphausiids have a carapace that is fused 2007). dorsally with all the thoracic segments. The Alienacanthomysis macropsis is mysid carapace is attached only to the first recognizable by elongated eyestalks and two or three thoracic segments. Furthermore, Deltamysis holmquistae has spines on the mysid females have oostegites, but lateral telson margins, but only distally, where euphausiids do not. other species have spines all over the telson Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Neomysis mercedis. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. margins or in proximal groups. as broad, an articulated distal tip, and a Alienacanthomysis macropsis, has a broadly broadly triangular telson (Moldin 2007). triangular rostrum with long acute lateral Neomysis integer is an Atlantic species that carapace spines and its telson has a fringe of has also been found in plankton in Puget small spines. It is abundant in San Francisco Sound (Kozloff 1974). It has a long pointed Bay and becomes rarer farther north antennal scale, a long telson with a narrow, (Holmquist 1979). It has been reported from truncate apex and long dense lateral spines, Yaquina Bay to lower Columbia River and in there are about 15 spines near the statocyst. Puget Sound in bays amongst Ulva and in Neomysis kadiakensis is a large species (20 plankton (Kozloff 1974). to 23 mm long) (Banner 1948b), with over 40 Archaeomysis grebnitzkii has spines spines near the statocyst. Its telson is long along the lateral margins of uropod exopods, and narrow with 20 or more pairs of lateral which is not seen in other species. Of the spines (Banner 1948b), each spine is longer species without lateral exopod spines, than the distances between their bases. The Hippacanthomysis platypoda
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