Bot. Rev. DOI 10.1007/s12229-010-9057-5 Paedomorphosis, Secondary Woodiness, and Insular Woodiness in Plants Max W. Dulin1 & Bruce K. Kirchoff1,2 1 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver St., P. O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA 2 Author for Correspondence; e-mail:
[email protected] # The New York Botanical Garden 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Abstract ................................................................................................................ II. Introduction ......................................................................................................... III. Historical Review............................................................................................... A. Paedomorphosis, Insular Woodiness, and Secondary Woodiness.............. B. Paedomorphosis........................................................................................... 1. Genesis of the Theory of Paedomorphosis......................................... 2. Bailey’s Refugium Theory and Major Trends in Xylem Evolution... 3. Paedomorphic Characters of the Secondary Xylem........................... C. Insular Woodiness....................................................................................... 1. Examples of Insular Woodiness......................................................... 2. Relictual and Secondary Insular Woodiness...................................... 3. Hypotheses to Expain the Evolution of Insular Woodiness............... D. Secondary Woodiness ................................................................................