ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Zoogeography and Faunistics Acta zool. bulg., 68 (2), 2016: 199-206 Research Article
New Data on Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera from the Republic of Macedonia
Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković1*, Biljana Rimcheska1, Yanka Vidinova2, Violeta Tyufekchieva2, Milica Ristovska1, Stoe Smiljkov1, Momir Paunović3, Dana Prelić1
1Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Sko- pje, Republic of Macedonia; E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113-Sofia, Bulgaria 3Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract: As a result of field survey carried out in 2007-2014 at 18 sampling points at rivers of the Republic of Macedonia, new data on the distribution of four species of the order Ephemeroptera (Serratella ikonomovi, Ephemerella mucronata, Heptagenia longicauda and Caenis pseudorivulorum), two species of the order Plecoptera (Brachyptera beali beali and Taeniopteryx hubaulti) and one species of the order Trichoptera (Thremma anomalum) were collected. These data allow assessment of the conseravation status of the studied species. This is the first record of the mayfly Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960 in the Republic of Macedonia.
Key words: EPT, distribution pattern, conservation, Macedonia
Introduction Freshwater ecosystems are of exceptional interest freshwater animal species are insects. Trichoptera, because they are among the most diverse habitats Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera (usually known as on earth. It is widely recognised that rapid globalisa- EPT taxa) represent 15%, 5% and 4%, respective- tion has caused wide-spread degradation and disrup- ly, of the total number of freshwater animal species tion of natural systems, especially in the freshwater (Bal i a n et al. 2008). These organisms are essential realm (Lé v ê q u e et al. 2005). Declines in biodiversity elements in the benthic communities playing an im- are far greater in freshwaters (lakes, rivers and wet- portant role in the nutrient cycling of materials and lands) than in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems in trophic transfers (Fe r r o , Si t e s 2007). As EPT taxa (Du d g e o n et al. 2006). According to the IUCN Red are generally sensitive to environmental perturba- Lists of threatened species (IUCN 2015) and Ab e ll tions, they are widely used for ecological monitoring et al. (2008), a quarter of the known worldwide fresh- (Ro s e n b e r g , Re s h 1993). water species are listed as threatened or regionally The vulnerability to variation in abiotic factors extinct. Thus, the knowledge of the distribution and (pollution, habitat degradation, acidification, climate population status of the majority of aquatic species is change, etc.) may lead to local or global extinction urgently needed to understand and protect freshwater of many EPT species (Sl a v e v s k a -St a m e n k o v i ć et ecosystems worldwide (Mä c h l e r et al. 2014). al. 2011, He r s k o v i t z et al. 2015). In this regard, EPT On the other hand, the present knowledge of species belong to the category of the most endan- freshwater diversity is still partial. According to a gered aquatic insects (He r i n g et al. 2009, Pe t r o v i ć rough estimate by Bal i a n et al. (2008), 60.4% of et al. 2014, 2015). However, globally there are only
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
199 Slavevska-Stamenković V., B. Rimcheska, Y. Vidinova, V. Tyufekchieva, M. Ristovska, S. Smiljkov, M. Paunović, D. Prelić
11 (seven Extinct, two Vulnerable, one Endangered the last century (Ik o n o m o v 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, and one Critically Endangered) EPT taxa included 1974 а, b, 1975, 1976 а, b, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 in the IUCN Red Lists for threatened species (IUCN а, b, 1982, 1983 а, b, c, 1986 а, b, Zw i c k 1984). 2015). The larvae of EPT species, as well as of the Recently, a new species of stonefly, Siphonoperla other aquatic invertebrates are notoriously difficult to korab Graf, 2012, was described (Gr af et al. 2012) inventory because of their small size, often low pop- and four new taxa (Nemoura anas Murányi, 2007, ulation densities and patchy distribution (Mä c h l e r Leuctra graeca Zwick, 1978, Zwicknia acuta et al. 2014), which probably contributes to their low Murányi & Orci, 2014 and Isoperla pesici Murányi, level of conservation. 2011) for the Republic of Macedonia were recorded Compared to Western and Central Europe (e.g., (Mu r á n y i 2007, Mu r á n y i et al. 2014). Gr af et al. 2008, 2009; Bu ffa g n i et al. 2009), scarce Compared to mayflies and stoneflies, information on the distribution and conservation sta- Trichoptera (caddisflies) is relatively insufficiently tus of EPT taxa from the Balkan Peninsula is avail- known insect order in Macedonia (Ra d o v a n o v i ć able (Ib r a h i m i et al. 2012, 2014, Ty u f e k c h i e v a et al. 1942, Bo t o sa n e a n u 1960; Pa v l o v s k i 1991, Ar s o v 2013, Pe t r o v i ć et al. 2014, 2015). In the Republic of 1991, Ku ma n s k i 1997, Ku ma n s k i , Mal i c k y 1999). Macedonia, previous studies have been mainly fo- Considerable progress has been made in recent years cused on the taxonomy of EPT taxa. Ephemeroptera and new taxa were described (Ol á h 2010, Ol á h have been extensively examined by Ik o n o m o v (1951, et al. 2011, 2013 a, b, Ol á h , Ko v á c s , 2013, 2014, 1953, 1954 a, b, c, 1958, 1960, 1961 a, b, 1962 a, b, Ol á h et al. 2014, Vi t e c e k et al. 2015). c, d, 1963 а, b, 1964, 1970) and, more recently, by Although historical data are of great impor- Vi d i n o v a (1998), Sm i l j k o v , Sl a v e v s k a -St a m e n k o v i ć tance, future changes in the composition of the EPT (2004) and Sm i l j k o v et al. (2008). taxa in Macedonia will go undetected unless current There are numerous publications dealing with distribution of existing species is well documented. Macedonian stoneflies (Plecoptera), especially from Thus, the aim of this paper is to report new data on
Fig. 1. Localities of the studied water bodies
200 New Data on Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera from the Republic of Macedonia
Table 1. Characteristics of the sampling sites
Altitude Longitude Ecore- Code River/Locality Latitude (°E) Sampling period (m) (°N) gion Site A Bregalnica River S1 Dve Reki 1 300 41°43’37.5’’ 22°59’16.5’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S2 Ramna River 1 100 41°43’52.6’’ 22°56’56.3’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S3 upstream Berovo 856 41°41’59.8’’ 22°51’27.9’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S4 upstream Dechevo 601 41°56’32.5’’ 22°48’15.7’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S5 upstream Kalimanci dam 536 41°59’20.8’’ 22°39’16.9’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S6 downstream Kalimanci dam 420 41°58’03.6’’ 22°34’32.4’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S7 v. Teranci 317 41°51’45.4’’ 22°20’58.5’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S8 mouth of Zletovica River 296 41°51’32’’ 22°15’51’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S9 v. Dolni Balvan 282 41°48’21’’ 22°12’12’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S10 v. Sofilari 257 41°42’34’’ 22°8’12’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 S11 mouth of Bregalnica to Vardar 154 41°36’ 24.344’’ 21°55’23.011’’ 7 October 2008-September 2009 Site D S12 Mala Reka River 735 41°32’9.888’’ 20°38’25.987’’ 6 April 2011 S13 Tresonechka River 1150 41°34’2.03’’ 20°44’46.895’’ 6 April 2011 S14 Rosochka River 810 41°32’35.07’’ 20°40’22.729’’ 6 April 2011 S15 Portica (Lazaropolska) River 1170 41°31’28.85’’ 20°41’27.81’’ 6 April 2011 Site B Orevovechka River S16 downstream the local fishpond 860 41°23’48.32’’ 21°38’2.75’’ 6 March 2011, March 2012 upstream entering S17 740 41°23’1.971’’ 21°36’48.361’’ 6 March 2011, March 2012 Prilep Reservoir Site C Lenishka River S18 upstream course 1455 41°16’18.609’’ 20°33’13.628’’ 6 July 2014 some rare and endemic EPT taxa collected during (for coarse sand and silt substrata) an Ekman grab. the last years in the Republic of Macedonia, thus im- Standard methodology for collection of bottom fauna proving the knowledge on their geographic distribu- (EN 28265:1994, EN 27828:1994, EN 9391:1995) tion and assisting to make a preliminary assessment was followed. EPT larvae specimens were separated of their conservation status. from the other organisms, preserved in 80% ethanol and deposited in the Macedonian National Collection Material and Methods of Invertebrates (MNCI), Faculty for Natural Science and Mathematics, Skopje, R. Macedonia. The keys We present part of the results from the survey of of Au b e r t (1959), Ed i g t o n , Hi ld r e w (1981), Ell i o t 18 sampling points (Fig. 1) classified as: Site A et al. (1988), Hy n e s (1977), Wa r i n g e r , Gr af (1997, - Bregalnica River (S1-S11); Site D - Mala Reka 2013), Walla c e et al. (2003) and Zw i c k (2004) were River (S12), Tresonechka River (S13), Rosochka used for identification of the EPT larvae. The sys- River (S14), Portica (Lazaropolska) River (S15); tematic presentation follows d e Jo n g et al. (2014) Site B - Orevovechka River (S16-S17) and Site C and Ba u e r n f e i n d , So lda n (2012). - Lenishka River (S18). Data for the geographical Abbreviations of collectors: BR=Biljana coordinates, altitude, sampling period and ecoregion Rimcheska, VS=Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković. (according Ill i e s 1978) for each locality is presented in Table 1. The field survey was carried out between Results October 2007 and July 2014. Aquatic macroinver- Ephemeroptera tebrates were collected with Surber sampler and Serratella ikonomovi (Puthz, 1971) hand-net with mesh size 500 μm, and in some cases Material studied: Bregalnica River, S3:
201 Slavevska-Stamenković V., B. Rimcheska, Y. Vidinova, V. Tyufekchieva, M. Ristovska, S. Smiljkov, M. Paunović, D. Prelić
25.V.2008: 22 la, 28.VI.2008: 8 la, 24.VII.2008: 3 rare mayfly species was confirmed. Among them, la, leg. VS (MNCI). Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960 presents Ephemerella mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909) a Ponto-Caspian faunal element widespread all over Material studied: Bregalnica River, S1: Europe (Ba u e r n f e i n d , So lda n 2012). Even though 10.X.2007: 2 la, 15.XI.2007: 4 la, 24.XII.2007: 3 la, previously known from Bulgaria (Vi d i n o v a 2003), 21.I.2008: 1 la, 15.II.2008: 1 la, 25.III.2008: 11 la, Greece (Ba u e r n f e i n d 2003) and Serbia (Pe t r o v i ć 27.IV.2008: 27 la, 25.V.2008: 2 la, 28.VI.2008: 4 la, et al. 2015), until now this species has not been re- 22.VIII.2008: 3 la, 01.XI.2008: 2 la; S2: 15.II.2008: ported from Macedonia. The finding of this species 2 la, 25.III.2008: 1 la, 27.IV.2008: 1 la, 25.V.2008: in the middle and lower part of Bregalnica River 3 la, 24.VII.2008: 2 la, 22.VIII.2008: 5 la, leg. VS (from S5 to S11), confirms its affinity to the potamal (MNCI). of large rivers with gravel and sandy microhabitats Heptagenia longicauda (Stephens, 1835) (Bu ffa g n i 1997, 1999, 2003, Vi d i n o v a 2003). The Material studied: Bregalnica River, S11: records of C. pseudorivulorum in Macedonia con- 01.XI.2008: 7 la, leg. VS (MNCI). tribute to the better knowledge of its distribution Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960 range on the Balkan Peninsula. Material studied: Bregalnica River: S3: The mayfly Serratella ikonomovi (Puthz, 22.VIII.2008: 1 la; S5: 25.V.2008: 18 la, 28.VI.2008: 1971) was observed in the waters of several 16 la, 22.VIII.2008: 26 la, 18.IX.2008: 46 la; countries in Southern European, such as Bosnia S6: 28.VI.2008: 229 la; S7: 10.X.2007: 1 la; S8: and Herzegovina (Ta n a s i j e v i ć 1979), Serbia 10.X.2007: 5 la, 28.VI.2008: 19 la, 24.VII.2008: 19 la, (St u d e ma n n et al. 1989, Si m i ć , Si m i ć , 2003, Sa v i ć et 22.VIII.2008: 2 la, 18.IX.2008: 1 la; S9: 28.VI.2008: al. 2010), Albania (St u d e ma n n et al. 1989), Greece 31 la, 22.VIII.2008: 18 la, 18.IX.2008: 2 la; S10: (St u d e ma n n et al. 1989, Ba u e r n f e i n d 2003), Italy 10.X.2007: 1 la, 15.XI.2007: 2 la, 28.VI.2008: 15 (Bu ffa g n i et al. 2003) and Spain (Ló p e z -Ro d r í g u e z la, 24.VII.2008: 18 la, 22.VIII.2008: 9 la; S11: et al., 2008), but never from Ecoregion 7 (Eastern 15.XI.2007: 1 la, 25.V.2008: 1 la, 28.VI.2008: 14 Balkans). In the Republic of Macedonia, this spe- la, 22.VIII.2008: 1 la, 18.IX.2008: 2 la, leg. VS cies was previously reported from several stream- (MNCI). lets from the western part (Ecoregion 6 - Hellenic Note: New species for the fauna of the Republic Western Balkans) of the country (Ik o n o m o v 1961, of Macedonia. St u d e ma n n et al. 1989). In the current study, lar- vae of this rare species were found on stony sub- Plecoptera strate in the Upper Bregalnica River (S3; Fig. 1), Brachyptera beali beali (Navás, 1924) which is the first finding of S. ikonomovi for the Material studied: Orevovechka River, S17: Ecoregion 7 (Ill i e s 1978). Based on the fact that 24.III.2011: 1 la, S18: 24.III.2011: 13 la, 18.III.2012: this Mediterranean faunistic element inhabits 125 la, leg. BR (MNCI). higher altitudes along the Bregalnica River (856 m Taeniopteryx hubaulti Aubert, 1946 a.s.l.), we presume that the region is under increas- Material studied: Bregalnica River, S6: ing influence of Mediterranean climate. 24.XII.2007: 1 la, leg. VS (MNCI). The rheophilic mayfly Ephemerella mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909) is widespread in Europe (with Trichoptera the exception of the British Inlands and the Iberian Thremma anomalum McLachlan, 1876 Peninsula), oriental regions of the former USSR and Material studied: Mala Reka River, S12: North America (Be lf i o r e et al. 1990, Ba u e r n f e i n d , 19.IV.2011: 1 la; Tresonechka River, S13: So lda n 2012). Concerning the Republic of 19.IV.2011: 2 la; Rosochka River, S14: 19.IV.2011: Macedonia, scarce populations of the species were 4 la; Portica (Lazaropolska) River, S15: 19.IV.2011: recorded by Ik o n o m o v (1961) from three springs of 3 la; Lenishka River, S18: 13.VII.2014: 1 la, leg. VS the Baba and Osogovo Mountains. A field survey (MNCI). conducted on the upper course (S1 and S2; Fugure 1) of Bregalnica River revealed that this rare mayfly Discussion inhabits Maleshevski Mountains too. These locali- ties are the easternmost populations of E. mucronata Our study shows that in Macedonia there are still in the Republic of Macedonia. unexplored areas concerning mayfly species. During Another rare mayfly, Heptagenia longicauda the comprehensive survey of macroinvertebrate fau- Stephens 1835, is a well known species from the na from Bregalnica River, the presence of new and Western Palearctic (Ba u e r n f e i n d , So lda n 2012).
202 New Data on Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera from the Republic of Macedonia
Previously it was recorded by Ik o n o m o v (1963a) has not been sampled. Similar conservation status from the middle and lower course of Vardar River. of the species was determined in the neighbouring In the current study, few larvae of H. longicauda countries Bulgaria and Serbia (Ty u f e k c h i e v a et al. were collected from the stone bedrocks and sub- 2013, Pe t r o v i ć et al. 2014). merged logs and plants at S11 (mouth of Bregalnica The caddisflyThremma anomalum McLachlan, into Vardar River), although we expected it at local- 1876 is a subendemic species for Balkan Peninsula, ity S9 and S10 which also belong to the lower part Carpathians and Caucasus (Gr af et al. 2008, of the river. Despite its eurivalence to the most of Ži v i ć et al. 2013). So far in Europe the species ecological factors (Ma c adam 2003), H. longicauda was known from Ecoregions 5, 6, 7, 10 and 24 usually avoids places with α-mesosaprobic condi- (Ol á h , ko v á c s 2013, Ži v i ć et al. 2013, Ib r a h i m i tions (Vi d i n o v a , Ru ss e v 1997, Ba u e r n f e i n d , So lda n et al. 2014). Additionally, T. anomalum was found 2012). Another reason for the restricted distribution by Si pa h i l e r (2007) from the Asian part of Turkey, of the heptageniid population in the lowland parts which belongs to Ecoregion Y (Asia Minor). of many European rivers is the gravel extraction in In the Republic of Macedonia the adult stage of the catchments, which alters the aquatic environ- T. anomalum has been reported from Shar Planina ment, and in many cases causes total loss of habitat Mountains (Ku ma n s k i 1997, Ol á h , Ko v á c s 2014) (Ma c adam 2006). This could be a possible explana- and Pelister (Ra d o v a n o v i ć 1942), and larvae were tion for the extinction of H. longicauda, from the recorded from Podgorecka River, Jablanica Mts. sampling point S9 (gravel extraction) and S10, one (Ra d o v a n o v i ć 1942). In the current study limited of the most polluted sites on the Bregalnica River numbers of specimens (11) of T. anomalum were (Sl a v e v s k a -St a m e n k o v i ć , unpublished data). found. Despite intensive research performed by The results of this study provide new data for Sl a v e v s k a -St a m e n k o v i ć (unpublished data) on the distribution of two rare Plecoptera species in the the Jablanica Mts, reported as area for protection Republic of Macedonia: Brachyptera beali beali (Bi o d i v e r s i t y St r a t e g y a n d Ac t i o n Pla n o f t h e (Navás, 1924) and Taeniopteryx hubaulti Aubert, Re p u b l i c o f Ma c e d o n i a , 2004), a single larvae spec- 1946. From a zoogeographical point of view, B. beali imen was registered (Lenishka River, S18). It should beali is a Balkan endemic stonefly (Gr af et al. 2009) be stressed that the spring areas, upper courses of the reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mu r i ć et al. streams and streamlets on this mountain are under 2011), Greece (Au b e r t 1963, Be r t h é l e m y 1971, higher anthropogenic pressure, and especially ab- Zw i c k 1978) and Montenegro (Mu r á n y i 2008). straction of water, which probably caused the disap- According to Ik o n o m o v (1983 b, 1986 b) and re- pearance of T. anomalum. The other ten larvae were cently to Mu r á n y i et al. (2014) B. beali beali inhab- found in Mawla Reka River (S12), Tresonecka River its few springs in Southern Macedonia. Currently, (S13), Lazaropolska River (S15) and Rosocka River Orevovechka River presents the northernmost point (S14) that belong to the „Mavrovo“ National Park. of its known distribution in the country. Restricted distribution range in the country and scarce The rheophilic stoneflyTaeniopteryx hubaulti is populations, especially in the Jablanica Mts., suggest an European species. According to Gr af et al. (2009) that T. anomalum belongs to the group of threatened it is known from Ecoregions 2 (Pyrenees), 4 (Alps), caddisfly species in the Republic of Macedonia. The 5 (Dinaric Western Balkans), 6 (Hellenic Western similar population trend of this taxon is registered in Balkans), 7 (Eastern Balkans), 8 and 9 (Western some of our neighbouring countries. Namely, recent and Central Highlands) and 10th (Carpathians). In study in Western Serbia and Northern Montenegro Macedonia, the larvae of the stonefly T. hubaulti has not recorded this species, in spite of its previous were previously reported only from the Brajchinska presence (Ži v i ć et al. 2013). River (Ik o n o m o v 1974). In the current study its pres- ence (a single larvae specimen) was recorded at site S6. Bregalnica River, after Kalimanci Dam is char- Conclusion acterised with high current speed, colder water dur- Our results highlight the importance of new surveys ing the year, low fluctuation of temperature and high in the area in order to assess the overall biodiver- oxygen saturation which offers optimal conditions sity of this group of aquatic insects and to estimate for its occurrence. Additionally, the restricted area population status or extinction rates of the EPT taxa and the fact that larvae were nоt collected during the according to IUCN criteria. Obtained data could be last 50 years suggest that, if the species exists it is useful for selection the regions of high conservation particularly rare; perhaps under higher risk of extinc- values where effective protection measures should tion, or that larvae occupy an unusual habitat which be applied.
203 Slavevska-Stamenković V., B. Rimcheska, Y. Vidinova, V. Tyufekchieva, M. Ristovska, S. Smiljkov, M. Paunović, D. Prelić
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