DOCSLIB.ORG

Tribunes Signées Par Des Sociologues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tribunes Signées Par Des Sociologues Institut d’études politiques de Paris Ecole doctorale de Sciences Po Master recherche Mention «Sociétés et politiques comparées» Spécialité «Sociologie politique» Paris, septembre 2006 MMMédiatisationMédiatisation des sociologuessociologues:::: accord entre deux logiques antagoniques ? Le cas des phénomènes émeutiers de novembre 2005 en France Mémoire présenté en vue de l’obtention du Master recherche de sociologie politique Préparé sous la direction de Nonna Mayer Présenté par David Pichonnaz Souvent on se dit: «Voilà un tuyau qui n’est pas droit !...» Et on se demande pourquoi, et, naturellement, on en vient à accuser le plombier; mais si on veut aller au fond de la chose, c’est plus souvent pour une raison qu’on ne sait pas, et on préfère laisser croire que le tuyau n’est pas droit. Mais c’est le mur. Boris Vian REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à remercier très chaleureusement Nonna Mayer, qui a dirigé ce mémoire, ainsi que les autres chercheuses et chercheurs de l’IEP qui m’ont aidé à mener cette recherche, particulièrement Sophie Duchesne et Florence Haegel, dont les conseils prodigués dans le cadre de l’atelier de mémoire m’ont été plus que précieux. Je remercie également Vincent Goulet, de l’EHESS, qui a pris le temps de m’aider à élaborer ma problématique. De même, je remercie les cinq sociologues qui m’ont accordé de leur temps afin de répondre à mes questions sur leur médiatisation: Philippe Braud, Maryse Esterle-Hedibel, Hugues Lagrange, Eric Macé et Laurent Mucchielli, ainsi que les quatre journalistes qui, de la même manière, m’ont offert de longues minutes d’un temps qui leur est fortement compté: Luc Bronner, Cécilia Gabizon, Karl Laske et Piotr Smolar. Ma profonde reconnaissance va également à ceux qui ont eu l’immense gentillesse de relire des extraits de ce mémoire. Je leur en suis d’autant plus redevable que, pour certains, l’opération fut quelque peu douloureuse. Leurs remarques orthographiques et syntaxiques m’ont été d’une aide précieuse. Mon séjour à l’IEP de Paris a été possible grâce à la « bourse de la communication scientifique » du Fonds national suisse pour la recherche scientifique (FNS – subside n° PAWI1-110395) David Pichonnaz • Lausanne (Suisse) • david.pichonnaz(at)unifr.ch Table des matières Table des matières INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................6 Partie I: CADRE THEORIQUE ..........................................................................................................................8 LA SCIENCE ET LES SCIENTIFIQUES ........................................................................................................8 Le concept de «champ scientifique».............................................................................................9 Le manque d’autonomie des sciences sociales.............................................................................10 Les capitaux universitaire, scientifique et intellectuel.................................................................10 La science intéressée.................................................................................................................11 La figure de l’expert: parler au nom d’un savoir reconnu.......................................................12 Le champ d’expertise, la spécialisation de l’expert ....................................................................13 La figure de l’intellectuel: conflit de définitions .......................................................................13 LE JOURNALISME ET LES MEDIAS ..........................................................................................................14 Le concept de champ journalistique ..........................................................................................15 Liens (forts) entre champs intellectuel et journalistique .........................................................16 LA DIFFUSION DU SAVOIR SCIENTIFIQUE ............................................................................................17 La communication scientifique: un phénomène pluriel..........................................................18 Le discours scientifique primaire ..............................................................................................18 Le discours à vocation didactique .............................................................................................19 Le discours à vocation intellectuelle...........................................................................................19 Discours scientifique vulgarisé vs. médiatisé ..............................................................................20 Présentation de la typologie des discours scientifiques sous forme de tableau ................................20 La vulgarisation scientifique: la science pour les non spécialistes .........................................22 La vulgarisation comme traduction...........................................................................................23 La vulgarisation comme trahison..............................................................................................23 La vulgarisation comme construction ........................................................................................24 La spécificité des sciences sociales en matière de vulgarisation.....................................................25 Partie II: PROBLEMATIQUE ..............................................................................................................................28 L’incompréhension réciproque...................................................................................................29 Le rapport aux médias des sociologues.....................................................................................29 La perception du texte vulgarisé...............................................................................................30 Les motivations à intervenir dans les médias de masse ..........................................................30 La notoriété publique du chercheur...........................................................................................32 Légitimité sociale de la discipline..............................................................................................32 Les attentes des journalistes ........................................................................................................33 Mode d’apparition: la question du rôle du sociologue.................................................................33 Le rapport des journalistes aux sciences sociales........................................................................36 Le discours sociologique médiatisé............................................................................................37 Description détaillée des caractéristiques ...................................................................................38 Un usage modéré du langage spécialisé......................................................................................41 Un usage stratégique des titres à parler.....................................................................................42 3 Table des matières Partie III: METHODOLOGIE ...............................................................................................................................43 LE CORPUS DE TEXTES DE PRESSE ........................................................................................................43 Les experts cités............................................................................................................................45 Les sociologues et politologues cités............................................................................................46 Les tribunes libres d’opinion.......................................................................................................47 L’appartenance disciplinaire des tribunistes ..............................................................................48 LES ENTRETIENS SEMI -DIRECTIFS ........................................................................................................50 Les journalistes..............................................................................................................................50 Luc Bronner (Le Monde)........................................................................................................50 Cécilia Gabizon (Le Figaro)...................................................................................................51 Karl Laske (Libération) .........................................................................................................51 Piotr Smolar (Le Monde)........................................................................................................52 Les scientifiques............................................................................................................................53 Philippe Braud (Institut d’études politiques de Paris) ...............................................................53 Maryse Esterle-Hedibel (IUFM Nord Pas-de-Calais).............................................................54 Hugues Lagrange (Observatoire sociologique du changement) ....................................................54 Eric Macé (Université de Paris III – Sorbonne-Nouvelle et EHESS).....................................55 Laurent Mucchielli (Centre de recherches sociologiques sur le droit et les institutions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Conflict
    Social conflict Michel Wieviorka l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, France abstract Numerous approaches in the social sciences either refuse to consider or minimize the impor - tance of conflict in community, or else replace it with a Spencerian vision of the social struggle. Between these two extremes there is considerable space for us to consider conflict as a relationship; this is what differentiates it from modes of behaviour involving war and rupture. Sociology suggests different ways of differentiating various modes of social conflict. The question is not only theoretical. It is also empirical and historical: have we not moved, in a certain number of countries at least, from the industrial era dom - inated by a structural social conflict in which the working-class movement confronted the masters of labour, to a new era dominated by other types of conflict with distinctly more cultural orientations? Whatever the type of analysis, the very concept of conflict must be clearly distinguished from that of crisis, even if materially the two coexist in social reality. keywords action ◆ class struggle ◆ crisis ◆ social conflict ◆ social movements ◆ violence Is social conflict central to social life? Numerous approaches in the social sciences consider does Ludwig Gumplowicz (1883), who spoke of the that society constitutes an entity or a whole and ‘struggle of the races’. emphasize its political unity, which may often be rep - By refusing to adopt either of these two types of resented by the state, and its cultural and historical vision, at least in their most extreme versions, by unity, to which the idea of nation frequently refers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurgence of Social Movements
    E-journal promoted by the Campus for Peace, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya http://journal-of-conflictology.uoc.edu ARTICLE The Resurgence of Social Movements Michel Wieviorka Submitted: December 2011 Accepted: June 2012 Published: November 2012 Abstract Starting in the early nineteen seventies, there were mainly two opposed perspectives in the sociological debate on social movements, illustrated on the one hand by Charles Tilly and on the other by Alain Touraine, which this article follows. The concept of ‘social movement’ has been used to analyse the working class movement, the new social movements and global movements. Is it useful to analyse the struggles that developed recently within the Muslim and/or Arab world, and the actors that have been called indignados in Spain and that appeared in many countries? Is there any unity in these movements? Keywords social movements, Arab spring, social revolution, indignados INTRODUCTION working class movement, at its height in the 1960s before starting on its historical decline. The end of the 1960s saw The sociology of social movements could be helpful in the appearance of the ‘new social movements’; it was per- analysing contemporary actors that more or less success- missible to think these indicated entry into the age of post- fully try to put an end to authoritarian regimes in Arab industrial society but they lost impetus towards the end of and/or Muslim countries, and those that act to impose the 1970s, even if their ideas and their protests continued new forms of struggle against social injustice and in fa- to constitute powerful forces for modernization and cul- vor of democracy in several western countries – those ac- tural change.
    [Show full text]
  • European Bulletin of Social Psychology
    European Bulletin of Social Psychology Editors: Russell Spears & Sibylle Classen 2 Editorial 5 Changing the name of the EAESP into EASP - Discussion 8 New Books by Members Social identities: Motivational, emotional and cultural influences ed. by R. Brown and Dora Capozza Essential Social Psychology(2007) by R.J. Crisp and R.N. Turner To be an Immigrant by K. Deaux Intuition in Judgment and Decision Making (2007) ed. by H. Plessner, C. Betsch & T. Betsch Le partage social des émotions (The social sharing of emotions) (2005) by B. Rimé Identity, Morality, and Threat: Studies in Violent Conflict (2006) ed. by D. Rothbart and K.V. Korostelina 19 Future EAESP Meetings – Calendar 21 Future EAESP Meetings Small Group Meeting on Dehumanization: Determinants and Consequences of Perceiving Others as Less Than Humans, June 1-3, 2008, Kazimierz Dolny (Poland) Small Group Meeting on Emotions, Social Identity, and Intergroup Conflict, June 6-9, 2008, The Netherlands 24 Reports of Previous Meetings Medium Sized Meeting on Social Developmental Perspectives on Intergroup Inclusion and Exclusion, July 18-22, 2006, University of Kent, Canterbury (UK) 28 Grants and Grant Reports EBSP, Volume 19, No. 1, May 2007 ISSN 1563-1001 57 News about Members In Memoriam: Mará Ros New Members of the Association 63 Announcements Jos Jaspars Awards – Call for Applications Kurt Lewin Awards – Call for Nominations Election of New Executive Committee Members – Call for Nominations Change in the deadlines for grant applications APS announces free subscription deal for EAESP members International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJVC) 70 Deadlines for Contributions 71 Executive Committee 2 EBSP, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation of the Partners
    Bourses Fernand Braudel-IFER Presentation of the partners European Commission – Marie Curie – COFUND The Co-funding of Regional, National, and International Programmes (COFUND) is one of the Marie Curie Actions part of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development. COFUND is a co-funding mechanism providing an-extra financial support to national, regional research mobility programmes. Marie Curie Actions offer additional funding to existing or new regional and national fellowship programmes for research training and career development in order to encourage their moves across borders. http://ec.europa.eu/research/mariecurieactions/about-mca/actions/index_en.htm DREIC (Direction des relations européennes et internationales et de la coopération) - Ministère de l’Education nationale The Direction des relations européennes et internationales et de la coopération coordoninates the ministry’s European, international and cooperation politics. It contributes to an open French education system and to the development of the French-speaking world. http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid1181/direction-des-relations-europeennes- internationales-cooperatio.html CERI CERI is the oldest and the largest of Sciences Po’s research centers. Founded in 1952 with only a handful of permanent fellows, is has grown into France’s most preeminent social science research institution on international affairs, foreign societies and transnational challenges. CERI’s current faculty of 62 full-time and 22 affiliated fellows consists of sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, economists, legal scholars and historians. They conduct their research in five major thematic areas – security and risks, international politics, capitalism and globalization, political systems, identities and politics –, with a strong emphasis on fieldwork and comparative methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial Museum of Terrorism"
    13, place Vendôme – 75042 Paris Cedex 01 Telephone: 01 44 77 25 75 www.justice.gouv.fr 2 3 THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF SOCIETIES FACING TERRORISM Preparatory assignment Report to the Prime Minister Henry Rousso and Myriam Achari, Rachid Azizi, Rachid Azzouz, Alice Bombardier, Valérie Brisard, Clifford Chanin, Isabelle Chaudieu, Marc Crépon, Jacques Fredj, Olivier Grémont, Emmanuelle Iardella-Blanc, Élisabeth Pelsez, Denis Peschanski, Jenny Raflik-Grenouilleau, Adeline Rispal, Esther Shalev-Gerz, Brigitte Sion, Michel Wieviorka March 2020 4 CONTENTS PRIME MINISTER’S ENGAGEMENT LETTER ........................................................................................................ 7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 9 I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 13 A. WHY A MEMORIAL MUSEUM? ........................................................................................................................ 13 B. DEFINING TERRORISM ................................................................................................................................... 15 1. The appearance of the term ............................................................................................................... 15 2. The legal definitions ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Current Sociology
    Volume 62 Number 2 Monograph 1 March 2014 Current Sociology Journal of the International Sociological Association/ISA Association Internationale de Sociologie/AIS Asociación Internacional de Sociología/AIS Special Issue: Precarious Engagements: Combat in the Realm of Public Sociology Guest Editor: Michael Burawoy Articles Preface 135 Michael Burawoy Introduction: Sociology as a combat sport 140 Michael Burawoy The sociological windmill Amphibious sociology: Dilemmas and possibilities of public sociology in a multimedia world 156 César Rodríguez-Garavito In times of civil war: On being a schizophrenic (public) sociologist 168 Nandini Sundar Critical engagement in fields of power: Cycles of sociological activism in post-apartheid South Africa 181 Karl von Holdt The political minefield Complex entanglements: Moving from policy to public sociology in the Arab world 197 Sari Hanafi Worker–intellectual unity: Trans-border sociological intervention in Foxconn 209 Pun Ngai, Shen Yuan, Guo Yuhua, Lu Huilin, Jenny Chan and Mark Selden Interdependent power: Strategizing for the Occupy Movement 223 Frances Fox Piven Communicative Methodology: Successful actions and dialogic democracy 232 Ramon Flecha and Marta Soler Inconvenient truths Sociology’s interventions: Engaging the media and politics while remaining a social scientist 243 Michel Wieviorka Gender’s crooked path: Feminism confronts Russian patriarchy 253 Anna Temkina and Elena Zdravomyslova Inconvenient truths: A public intellectual’s pursuit of truth, justice and power 271 Walden Bello Conclusion Sociology as a vocation: Moral commitment and scientific imagination 279 Michael Burawoy Appendix: Global pedagogy in a digital age 285 Laleh Behbehanian and Michael Burawoy Visit http://csi.sagepub.com Free access to tables of contents and abstracts. Site-wide access to the full text for members of subscribing institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Sociology
    Current Sociology http://csi.sagepub.com/ Some Considerations after Reading Michael Burawoy's Article: `What is to be Done? Theses on the Degradation of Social Existence in a Globalizing World' Michel Wieviorka Current Sociology 2008 56: 381 DOI: 10.1177/0011392107088231 The online version of this article can be found at: http://csi.sagepub.com/content/56/3/381 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: International Sociological Association Additional services and information for Current Sociology can be found at: Email Alerts: http://csi.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://csi.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://csi.sagepub.com/content/56/3/381.refs.html >> Version of Record - Apr 10, 2008 What is This? Downloaded from csi.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA BERKELEY LIB on March 11, 2012 Some Considerations after Reading Michael Burawoy’s Article: ‘What is to be Done? Theses on the Degradation of Social Existence in a Globalizing CS World’ Michel Wieviorka Centre d’Analyse et d’Intervention Sociologique, Paris abstract: We are returning to the question: should researchers participate in pub- lic life and, if so, how? This question does not refer solely to the utility of the social sciences and their possibly emancipatory role but also raises the issue of how soci- ological knowledge is produced, tested and demonstrated. We need to consider the status of this knowledge and the conditions under which we may speak of ‘sci- ence’. How researchers in social sciences conceive of their relationship with the public and the actors is linked with the way in which we validate our assertions as science.
    [Show full text]
  • National Debates on Race Statistics: Towards an International Comparison Hervé Le Bras, Jean-Luc Racine, Michel Wieviorka
    National Debates on Race Statistics: Towards an International Comparison Hervé Le Bras, Jean-Luc Racine, Michel Wieviorka To cite this version: Hervé Le Bras, Jean-Luc Racine, Michel Wieviorka. National Debates on Race Statistics: Towards an International Comparison. 2012. halshs-00677217 HAL Id: halshs-00677217 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00677217 Preprint submitted on 7 Mar 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. National Debates on Race Statistics: Towards an International Comparison Hervé Le Bras, Jean-Luc Racine, Michel Wieviorka N°1 | février 2012 The Collège d’études mondiales/FMSH and SIPA/ Columbia University have opened up a process of reflection on the global issues and conflicts stemming from “diversity statistics” or “ethnic statistics.” A first workshop, organized in September 2011 in New York, brought together experts from the US and France. This working paper offers three of the conference papers, by Michel Wieviorka, Hervé Le Bras and Jean-Luc Racine. Working Papers Series Fondation Maison des sciences
    [Show full text]
  • Michel Wieviorka on Racism in Europe Today
    ISSUE 35 WINTER 2013 Editor’S mESSagE ESA is a growing organisation that encompass- es a broad range of researchers coming from across Europe (and beyond). We include those at all levels of the academic career scale, from doctoral students to emeritus/emerita profes- sors. Furthermore, we are a diverse association that brings together a wide range research interests. Our thirty-six Re- search Networks cover all manner of subjects from research methods to sociological theory to specific foci such as rac- ism and antisemitism, gender studies, and ageing, to name but a few. Whilst this diversity brings with it many opportuni- ties to collaborate and develop sociological research beyond our local or national settings, we must remember that our diversity also presents challenges. Coming from different institutional backgrounds, national contexts, et cetera; we find that, on occasion, conflicts or miscommunications may arise. This was indeed the case at our General Assembly, which took place on August 30th during our 11th Conference in Turn, Italy. As I sat at this meeting, I witnessed many members of our association expressing their concerns over the proposed changes to our statutes. I understand that such discussion raises sensitive issues, but we must measure our words and engage in a positive discussion. As the great American statesman Abraham Lincoln once stated, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” This is true for us today. Sociol- ogy and the social sciences at large face substantial chal- lenges as a result of the global financial crisis, which has had a considerable impact in Europe. This financial crisis resulted Sarah-ji, Flickr in substantial cuts in research funding for the social sciences as national funding bodies have tightened their belts.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport D'activité 2018
    RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ 2018 RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ 2018 1 Les implantations de la FMSH Campus Condorcet Maison Suger 54 bd Raspail Charenton SOMMAIRE. 4 – Éditorial 6 – Principaux événements 9 – Organigrammes 12 – Fondations internationales et image de marque 15 – La Fondation et son environnement 18 – Campus Condorcet 20 RECHERCHE & PROSPECTIVE 21 – Collège d’études mondiales 39 – Plateformes scientifiques 45 – Programmes thématiques 53 – Projets de recherche nationaux et internationaux 56 – Projets de recherche accueillis 58 INTERNATIONAL 59 – Coopération et mobilité 60 – Programmes de mobilité 62 – Programmes de coopération 65 – Point de contact national 66 – Prix de la Fondation 67 – Maison Suger 68 – Réseau des UMIFRE 69 – FMSH International Network 70 DIFFUSION DES SAVOIRS 71 – Bibliothèque Laboratoire 76 – Service audiovisuel 79 – Éditions de la MSH 82 – FMSH Diffusion 84 NUMÉRIQUE 90 SERVICES SUPPORT 94 CHIFFRES CLÉS 95 PARTENARIATS RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ 2018 3 ÉDITORIAL Éditorial Alors que le paysage institutionnel de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche poursuit sa délicate transformation, la FMSH a maintenu son cap, en affirmant son inscription dans le cadre de trois regroupements. Le premier est celui du Campus Condorcet, où les équipes de notre Bibliothèque Laboratoire contribuent activement à la mise en place du Grand équipement documentaire et où nous participerons aux dyna- miques qui se confirment (Hôtel à projets, Centre de colloques, projets numériques, programmes scientifiques, etc.). Le deuxième est celui de la ComUE USPC, qui a obtenu un IDEX en 2018, et a commencé à préparer sa mue autour de l’Université de Paris : la FMSH a clairement indiqué son souhait de continuer à agir au sein de l’alliance, ou toute autre formule qui sera créée pour poursuivre l’action de la ComUE.
    [Show full text]
  • 468689 1 En Bookfrontmatter 1..13
    Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research Volume 3 Series Editor John DeLamater, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Frontiers of Sociology and Sociological Research publishes a series of edited volumes that will focus on new directions in (sub)specialties of sociology as these are reflected in novel theoretical paradigms, innovative methodologies, and contemporary substantive findings that exemplify and anticipate trends in these field. The volumes will parallel and complement the volumes in the Handbooks of the Sociology and Social Research series. Frontiers of Sociology and Sociological Research series begins where the Handbooks leave off by looking to the future. The series is predicated on the observation that any field of knowledge in contemporary times is a dynamic rapidly changing body of perspectives and understanding that continuously builds upon the foundation of extant scholarship. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8690 Denise Jodelet • Jorge Vala • Ewa Drozda-Senkowska Editors Societies Under Threat A Pluri-Disciplinary Approach 123 Editors Denise Jodelet Jorge Vala Directeur d’Etudes at the Ecole des Hautes Instituto de Ciências Sociais Etudes en Sciences Sociales Universidade de Lisboa Paris, France Lisboa, Portugal Ewa Drozda-Senkowska Laboratoire de Psychology Sociale University of Paris Paris, France ISSN 2523-3424 ISSN 2523-3432 (electronic) Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research ISBN 978-3-030-39314-4 ISBN 978-3-030-39315-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39315-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence and the Subject Michel Wieviorka Thesis Eleven 2003 73: 42 DOI: 10.1177/0725513603073001003
    Thesis Eleven http://the.sagepub.com/ Violence and the Subject Michel Wieviorka Thesis Eleven 2003 73: 42 DOI: 10.1177/0725513603073001003 The online version of this article can be found at: http://the.sagepub.com/content/73/1/42 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Thesis Eleven can be found at: Email Alerts: http://the.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://the.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://the.sagepub.com/content/73/1/42.refs.html >> Version of Record - May 1, 2003 What is This? Downloaded from the.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA BERKELEY LIB on March 11, 2012 02 Wieviorka (jr/d) 14/4/03 1:13 pm Page 42 VIOLENCE AND THE SUBJECT Michel Wieviorka ABSTRACT Violence confronts us increasingly, everywhere: how are we to make sense of it? Its ubiquity begs the question of analytical differentiation. This article seeks to open the field by suggesting a fivefold typology: violence as loss of meaning; violence as non-sense; violence as cruelty; fundamental violence; and founding violence. The idea of analytically differentiating between types of violence cannot avoid the fact that sometimes victims are also perpetrators in other ways, and that even violent activity is not conducted only by essentially violent subjects. Violence needs to be connected to modernity and to problems of identity formation and not only to personal or collective risk. KEYWORDS actors • desubjectivation • perpetrators • subjectivation • victims • violence Violence evokes three main types of response from its witnesses.
    [Show full text]